th The 20 anniversary of the IFIP WG6. 1 Joint International Conference on Fonna! Methods for Distributed Systems and Communication Protocols (FORTE XIII / PSTV XX) was celebrated by the year 2000 edition of the Conference, which was held for the first time in Italy, at Pisa, October 10-13, 2000. In devising the subtitle for this special edition --'Fonna! Methods Implementation Under Test' --we wanted to convey two main concepts that, in our opinion, are reflected in the contents of this book. First, the early, pioneering phases in the development of Formal Methods (FM's), with their conflicts between evangelistic and agnostic attitudes, with their over optimistic applications to toy examples and over-skeptical views about scalability to industrial cases, with their misconceptions and myths . . . , all this is essentially over. Many FM's have successfully reached their maturity, having been 'implemented' into concrete development practice: a number of papers in this book report about successful experiences in specifYing and verifYing real distributed systems and protocols. Second, one of the several myths about FM's - the fact that their adoption would eventually eliminate the need for testing - is still quite far from becoming a reality, and, again, this book indicates that testing theory and applications are still remarkably healthy. A total of 63 papers have been submitted to FORTEIPSTV 2000, out of which the Programme Committee has selected 22 for presentation at the Conference and inclusion in the Proceedings.

The more complex instructional design (ID) projects grow, the more a design language can support the success of the projects, and the continuing process of integration of technologies in education makes this issue even more relevant. The Hanndbook of visual languages for instructional design: Theories and practice serves as a practical guide for the integration of ID languages and notation systems into the practice of ID by presenting recent languages and notation systems for ID; exploring the connection between the use of ID languages and the integration of technologies in education, and assessing the benefits and drawbacks of the use of ID languages in specific project settings

Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) CMOS technology has been regarded as another major technology for VLSI in addition to bulk CMOS technology. Owing to the buried oxide structure, SOI technology offers superior CMOS devices with higher speed, high density, and reduced second order effects for deep-submicron low-voltage, low-power VLSI circuits applications. In addition to VLSI applications, and because of its outstanding properties, SOI technology has been used to realize communication circuits, microwave devices, BICMOS devices, and even fiber optics applications. CMOS VLSI Engineering: Silicon-On-Insulator addresses three key factors in engineering SOI CMOS VLSI - processing technology, device modelling, and circuit designs are all covered with their mutual interactions. Starting from the SOI CMOS processing technology and the SOI CMOS digital and analog circuits, behaviors of the SOI CMOS devices are presented, followed by a CAD program, ST-SPICE, which incorporates models for deep-submicron fully-depleted mesa-isolated SOI CMOS devices and special purpose SOI devices including polysilicon TFTs. CMOS VLSI Engineering: Silicon-On-Insulator is written for undergraduate senior students and first-year graduate students interested in CMOS VLSI. It will also be suitable for electrical engineering professionals interested in microelectronics.

As miniaturisation deepens, and nanotechnology and its machines become more prevalent in the real world, the need to consider using quantum mechanical concepts to perform various tasks in computation increases. Such tasks include: the teleporting of information, breaking heretofore "unbreakable" codes, communicating with messages that betray eavesdropping, and the generation of random numbers. This is the first book to apply quantum physics to the basic operations of a computer, representing the ideal vehicle for explaining the complexities of quantum mechanics to students, researchers and computer engineers, alike, as they prepare to design and create the computing and information delivery systems for the future. Both authors have solid backgrounds in the subject matter at the theoretical and more practical level. While serving as a text for senior/grad level students in computer science/physics/engineering, this book has its primary use as an up-to-date reference work in the emerging interdisciplinary field of quantum computing - the only prerequisite being knowledge of calculus and familiarity with the concept of the Turing machine.

This book is the third revised and updated English edition of the German textbook \Versuchsplanung und Modellwahl" by Helge Toutenburg which was based on more than 15 years experience of lectures on the course \- sign of Experiments" at the University of Munich and interactions with the statisticians from industries and other areas of applied sciences and en- neering. This is a type of resource/ reference book which contains statistical methods used by researchers in applied areas. Because of the diverse ex- ples combined with software demonstrations it is also useful as a textbook in more advanced courses, The applications of design of experiments have seen a signi?cant growth in the last few decades in di?erent areas like industries, pharmaceutical sciences, medical sciences, engineering sciences etc. The second edition of this book received appreciation from academicians, teachers, students and applied statisticians. As a consequence, Springer-Verlag invited Helge Toutenburg to revise it and he invited Shalabh for the third edition of the book. In our experience with students, statisticians from industries and - searchers from other ?elds of experimental sciences, we realized the importance of several topics in the design of experiments which will - crease the utility of this book. Moreover we experienced that these topics are mostly explained only theoretically in most of the available books.

Modern electronics is driven by the explosive growth of digital communications and multi-media technology. A basic challenge is to design first-time-right complex digital systems, that meet stringent constraints on performance and power dissipation. In order to combine this growing system complexity with an increasingly short time-to-market, new system design technologies are emerging based on the paradigm of embedded programmable processors. This concept introduces modularity, flexibility and re-use in the electronic system design process. However, its success will critically depend on the availability of efficient and reliable CAD tools to design, programme and verify the functionality of embedded processors. Recently, new research efforts emerged on the edge between software compilation and hardware synthesis, to develop high-quality code generation tools for embedded processors. Code Generation for Embedded Systems provides a survey of these new developments. Although not limited to these targets, the main emphasis is on code generation for modern DSP processors. Important themes covered by the book include: the scope of general purpose versus application-specific processors, machine code quality for embedded applications, retargetability of the code generation process, machine description formalisms, and code generation methodologies. Code Generation for Embedded Systems is the essential introduction to this fast developing field of research for students, researchers, and practitioners alike.

The general concept of information is here, for the first time, defined mathematically by adding one single axiom to the probability theory. This Mathematical Theory of Information is explored in fourteen chapters: 1. Information can be measured in different units, in anything from bits to dollars. We will here argue that any measure is acceptable if it does not violate the Law of Diminishing Information. This law is supported by two independent arguments: one derived from the Bar-Hillel ideal receiver, the other is based on Shannon's noisy channel. The entropy in the 'classical information theory' is one of the measures conforming to the Law of Diminishing Information, but it has, however, properties such as being symmetric, which makes it unsuitable for some applications. The measure reliability is found to be a universal information measure. 2. For discrete and finite signals, the Law of Diminishing Information is defined mathematically, using probability theory and matrix algebra. 3. The Law of Diminishing Information is used as an axiom to derive essential properties of information. Byron's law: there is more information in a lie than in gibberish. Preservation: no information is lost in a reversible channel. Etc. The Mathematical Theory of Information supports colligation, i. e. the property to bind facts together making 'two plus two greater than four'. Colligation is a must when the information carries knowledge, or is a base for decisions. In such cases, reliability is always a useful information measure. Entropy does not allow colligation.

Strengthen your students' understanding and upgrade their confidence and exam skills with our OCR Computer Science workbooks, full of self-contained exercises to consolidate knowledge and exam practice questions to improve performance. Written by an experienced Computer Science author, these full colour workbooks provide stimulus materials on all AS and A-level topics, followed by sets of questions designed to develop and test skills in the unit. * Thoroughly prepares students for their examinations as they work through numerous practice questions that cover every question type in the specification. * Helps students identify their revision needs and see how to target the top grades using online answers for each question. * Encourages ongoing revision throughout the course as students progressively develop their skills in class and at home. * Packed full with consolidation and exam practice questions, these workbooks can save valuable preparation time and expense, with self-contained exercises that don't need photocopying and provide instant lesson and homework solutions for specialist and non-specialist teachers. * Ensures that students feel confident tackling their exams as they know what to expect in each section.

"Intelligent Data Mining Techniques and Applications" is an organized edited collection of contributed chapters covering basic knowledge for intelligent systems and data mining, applications in economic and management, industrial engineering and other related industrial applications. The main objective of this book is to gather a number of peer-reviewed high quality contributions in the relevant topic areas. The focus is especially on those chapters that provide theoretical/analytical solutions to the problems of real interest in intelligent techniques possibly combined with other traditional tools, for data mining and the corresponding applications to engineers and managers of different industrial sectors. Academic and applied researchers and research students working on data mining can also directly benefit from this book.

Driven by the request for increased productivity, flexibility, and competitiveness, modern civilization increasingly has created high-performance discrete event dynamic systems (DEDSs). These systems exhibit concurrent, sequential, competitive activities among their components. They are often complex and large in scale, and necessarily flexible and thus highly capital-intensive. Examples of systems are manufacturing systems, communication networks, traffic and logistic systems, and military command and control systems. Modeling and performance evaluation play a vital role in the design and operation of such high-performance DEDSs and thus have received widespread attention from researchers over the past two decades. One methodology resulting from this effort is based on timed Petri nets and related graphical and mathematical tools. The popularity that Petri nets have been gaining in modeling of DEDSs is due to their powerful representational ability of concurrency and synchronization; however these properties of DEDSs cannot be expressed easily in traditional formalisms developed for analysis of classical' systems with sequential behaviors. This book introduces the theories and applications of timed Petri nets systematically. Moreover, it also presents many practical applications in addition to theoretical developments, together with the latest research results and industrial applications of timed Petri nets. Timed Petri Nets: Theory and Application is intended for use by researchers and practitioners in the area of Discrete Event Dynamic Systems.

The Digital Da Vinci book series opens with the interviews of music mogul Quincy Jones, MP3 inventor Karlheinz Brandenburg, Tommy Boy founder Tom Silverman and entertainment attorney Jay L. Cooper. A strong supporter of science, technology, engineering and mathematics programs in schools, The Black Eyed Peas founding member will.i.am announced in July 2013 his plan to study computer science. Leonardo da Vinci, the epitome of a Renaissance man, was an Italian polymath at the turn of the 16th century. Since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, the division of labor has brought forth specialization in the workforce and university curriculums. The endangered species of polymaths is facing extinction. Computer science has come to the rescue by enabling practitioners to accomplish more than ever in the field of music. In this book, Newton Lee recounts his journey in executive producing a Billboard-charting song like managing agile software development; M. Nyssim Lefford expounds producing and its effect on vocal recordings; Dennis Reidsma, Mustafa Radha and Anton Nijholt survey the field of mediated musical interaction and musical expression; Isaac Schankler, Elaine Chew and Alexandre Francois describe improvising with digital auto-scaffolding; Shlomo Dubnov and Greg Surges explain the use of musical algorithms in machine listening and composition; Juan Pablo Bello discusses machine listening of music; Stephen and Tim Barrass make smart things growl, purr and sing; Raffaella Folgieri, Mattia Bergomi and Simone Castellani examine EEG-based brain-computer interface for emotional involvement in games through music and last but not least, Kai Ton Chau concludes the book with computer and music pedagogy. Digital Da Vinci: Computers in Music is dedicated to polymathic education and interdisciplinary studies in the digital age empowered by computer science. Educators and researchers ought to encourage the new generation of scholars to become as well rounded as a Renaissance man or woman.

This book focuses like a laser beam on one of the hottest topics in evolutionary computation over the last decade or so: estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs). EDAs are an important current technique that is leading to breakthroughs in genetic and evolutionary computation and in optimization more generally. I'm putting Scalable Optimization via Probabilistic Modeling in a prominent place in my library, and I urge you to do so as well. This volume summarizes the state of the art at the same time it points to where that art is going. Buy it, read it, and take its lessons to heart.

David E Goldberg, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

This book is an excellent compilation of carefully selected topics in estimation of distribution algorithms---search algorithms that combine ideas from evolutionary algorithms and machine learning. The book covers a broad spectrum of important subjects ranging from design of robust and scalable optimization algorithms to efficiency enhancements and applications of these algorithms. The book should be of interest to theoreticians and practitioners alike, and is a must-have resource for those interested in stochastic optimization in general, and genetic and evolutionary algorithms in particular.

John R. Koza, Stanford University

This edited book portrays population-based optimization algorithms and applications, covering the entire gamut of optimization problems having single and multiple objectives, discrete and continuous variables, serial and parallel computations, and simple and complex function models. Anyone interested in population-based optimization methods, either knowingly or unknowingly, use some form of an estimation ofdistribution algorithm (EDA). This book is an eye-opener and a must-read text, covering easy-to-read yet erudite articles on established and emerging EDA methodologies from real experts in the field.

Kalyanmoy Deb, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

This book is an excellent comprehensive resource on estimation of distribution algorithms. It can serve as the primary EDA resource for practitioner or researcher. The book includes chapters from all major contributors to EDA state-of-the-art and covers the spectrum from EDA design to applications. These algorithms strategically combine the advantages of genetic and evolutionary computation with the advantages of statistical, model building machine learning techniques. EDAs are useful to solve classes of difficult real-world problems in a robust and scalable manner.

Una-May O'Reilly, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Machine-learning methods continue to stir the public's imagination due to its futuristic implications. But, probability-based optimization methods can have great impact now on many scientific multiscale and engineering design problems, especially true with use of efficient and competent genetic algorithms (GA) which are the basis of the present volume. Even though efficient and competent GAs outperform standard techniques and prevent negative issues, such as solution stagnation, inherent in the older but more well-known GAs, they remain less known or embraced in the scientific and engineering communities. To that end, the editors have brought together a selection of experts that (1) introduce the current methodology and lexicography of the field with illustrative discussions and highly useful references, (2)exemplify these new techniques that dramatic improve performance in provable hard problems, and (3) provide real-world applications of these techniques, such as antenna design. As one who has strayed into the use of genetic algorithms and genetic programming for multiscale modeling in materials science, I can say it would have been personally more useful if this would have come out five years ago, but, for my students, it will be a boon.

Duane D. Johnson, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Intelligent Technologies for Bridging the Grey Digital Divide offers high-quality research with both industry- and practice-related articles in the broad area of intelligent technologies for seniors. The main focus of the book is to provide insights into current innovation, issues to be resolved, and approaches for widespread adoption so that seniors, their families, and their caregivers are able to enjoy their promised benefits.

Towards Intelligent Manufacturing Systems This book contains the selected articles from the third International Conference on lriformation Technology for Balanced Automation Systems in Manufacturing. A rapid evolution in a number of areas leading to Intelligent Manufacturing Systems has been observ@d in recent years. Significant efforts are being spent on this research area, namely in terms of international cooperative projects, like the IMS initiative, the USA NIIIP (National Industrial Information Infrastructure Protocols) project, or the European ESPRIT programme, and a growing number of conferences and workshops. The importance of the Information and Communication Technologies in the manufacturing area is weIl established today. The proper combination of these areas with the socio-organizational issues, supported by intelligent tools, is however, more difficult to achieve, and fully justifies the need for the BASYS conference and the publication of the series of books on Balanced Automation SyStems. The first book of this series focused on the topic of "Architectures and Design Methods," was published in 1995. Mahy of the fundamental aspects of manufacturing, and some preliminary results were presented in this book. Among others, the topics included: Modeling and design of FMS, Enterprise modeling and organization, Decision support systems in manufacturing, Anthropocentric systems, CAE/CAD/CAM integration, Scheduling systems, Extended enterprises, Multi agent system architecture, Balanced flexibility, Intelligent supervision systems, Shop-floor control, and Computer aided process planning."

The papers in this volume comprise the refereed proceedings of the the First International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Ag- culture (CCTA 2007), in Wuyishan, China, 2007. This conference is organized by China Agricultural University, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and the Beijing Society for Information Technology in Agriculture. The purpose of this conference is to facilitate the communication and cooperation between institutions and researchers on theories, methods and implementation of computer science and information technology. By researching information technology development and the - sources integration in rural areas in China, an innovative and effective approach is expected to be explored to promote the technology application to the development of modern agriculture and contribute to the construction of new countryside. The rapid development of information technology has induced substantial changes and impact on the development of China's rural areas. Western thoughts have exerted great impact on studies of Chinese information technology devel- ment and it helps more Chinese and western scholars to expand their studies in this academic and application area. Thus, this conference, with works by many prominent scholars, has covered computer science and technology and information development in China's rural areas; and probed into all the important issues and the newest research topics, such as Agricultural Decision Support System and Expert System, GIS, GPS, RS and Precision Farming, CT applications in Rural Area, Agricultural System Simulation, Evolutionary Computing, etc.

The rapid growth in electronic systems in the past decade has boosted research in the area of computational intelligence. As it has become increasingly easy to generate, collect, transport, process, and store huge amounts of data, the role of intelligent algorithms has become prominent in order to visualize, manipulate, retrieve, and interpret the data. For instance, intelligent search techniques have been developed to search for relevant items in huge collections of web pages, and data mining and interpretation techniques play a very important role in making sense out of huge amounts of biomolecular measurements. As a result, the added value of many modern systems is no longer determined by hardware only, but increasingly by the intelligent software that supports and facilitates the user in realizing his or her objectives. This book is the outcome of a series of discussions at the Philips Symposium on Intelligent Algorithms,

H. M. Cartwright: An Introduction to Evolutionary Computation andEvolutionary Algorithms; B. Hartke: Application of Evolutionary Algorithms to Global Cluster Geometry Optimization; K.D.M. Harris, R.L. Johnston, S. Habershon: Application of Evolutionary Computation in Structure Solution from Diffraction Data; S. M.

This volume offers a deep understanding of concepts and practices behind the composition of heterogeneous components. After the analysis of existing computation and execution models used for the specification and validation of different sub-systems, the book introduces a systematic approach to build an execution model for systems composed of heterogeneous components. Mixed continuous/discrete and hardware/software systems will be used to illustrate these concepts. The benefit of reading this book is to give a clear vision on the theory and practice of specification and validation of complex modern systems. The examples give to the designers solutions applicable in their daily practice.

This book is a translation of an important Japanese work on electronic ceramics and includes much experimental data. It will be of great interest to ceramicists and electronic engineers working with ceramic materials interested in an overview of recent Japanese research in this rapidly developing field.

The book deals with similarity relations defined on a set with functions. The functions are required to map similar elements to similar ones. The book presents basic mathematical properties of structures consisting of similarity-preserving functions and logics for reasoning about similarities. The presented text is self-contained. The notions and results are demonstrated through examples which are graphically illustrated. The book is useful for researchers, but it can also be used as a graduate text.

This work fills an important gap in the literature by providing an important link between MAPLE and its successful use in solving problems in Operations Research (OR). The symbolic, numerical, and graphical aspects of MAPLE make this software package an ideal tool for treating certain OR problems and providing descriptive and optimization-based analyses of deterministic and stochastic models. Detailed is MAPLE's treatment of some of the mathematical techniques used in OR modeling: e.g., algebra and calculus, ordinary and partial differential equations, linear algebra, transform methods, and probability theory.

A number of examples of OR techniques and applications are presented, such as linear and nonlinear programming, dynamic programming, stochastic processes, inventory models, queueing systems, and simulation. Throughout the text MAPLE statements used in the solutions of problems are clearly explained. At the same time, technical background material is presented in a rigorous mathematical manner to reach the OR novice and professional. Numerous end-of- chapter exercises, a good bibliography and overall index at the end of the book are also included, as well as MAPLE worksheets that are easily downloadable from the author's website at www.business.mcmaster.ca/msis/profs/parlar, or from the Birkhauser website at www.birkhauser.com/cgi-win/ISBN/0-8176-4165-3.

The book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in operations research, management science departments of business schools, industrial and systems engineering, economics, and mathematics. As a self-study resource, the text can be used by researchers and practitioners who want a quick overview ofMAPLE's usefulness in solving realistic OR problems that would be difficult or impossible to solve with other software packages.

Computer-AidedInnovation(CAI)isayoungdomaininthearrayofCAxte- nologies. ThegoalofCAIistosupportengineersandenterprisesthroughoutthe completeinnovationprocess. AlthoughsomeexistingideasandconceptsofCAI focus on assisting product designers in their creative stage, a more compreh- sive vision conceives CAI systems beginning at the creative stage of perceiving business opportunities and customer demands, then helping in developing - ventions and, further on, providing help up to the point of turning inventions into successful innovations in the market. Following the track of the last two successful CAI conferences held in 2005, in Germany, and 2007 in USA, the ThirdIFIPWorkingConferenceonComputer-AidedInnovation(CAI)washeld in Harbin, China, and attractedparticipants fromacademia and industry. This workingconferencecontinuedthe traditionofstronglylinkingacademicand- dustrymembers. Theconferencehadseveralparallelsessions, andeightkeynote sessions. Over 100 participants attended the conference. Some famous scholars wereinvited askeynotespeakers. I would liketo takethe opportunityto thank all the authors for their quality research, the international Program Comm- teemembersfortheirsupportinreviewingthepapers, andthelocalOrganizing Committeefortheirpreparationoftheconference. Furthermore, IthanktheC- neseNaturalScienceFoundation, theDepartmentofScienceandTechnologyof HeilongjiangProvincialGovernment, theInstituteofDesignforInnovation, and Hebei University of Technology, for their ?nancial support of the conference. I wouldalsoliketothankZhuLin, YaoYihang, XueGuiying, andCaoGuozhong for their signi?cantcontributions towardthe successof the conference. August 2009 Runhua Tan Organization TheThirdIFIPWorkingConferenceonComputer-AidedInnovation(CAI)was organized by Hebei University of Technology and the Department of Science andTechnologyofHeilongjiangProvincialGovernmentincooperationwiththe National Natural Science Foundationof China. Program Committee Conference Chair Runhua Tan, (Hebei University ofTechnology, China) Noel Leon(ITESM, Campus Monterrey, Mexico) OrganizingChair T. S. Yang (Department ofScience and Technologyof Heilongjiang Provincial Government, China) Referees T. Arciszewski(USA) Y. Li (China) M. Ashtiani (USA) H. Liu (China) G. Cascini(Italy) M. L. Maher (Australia) D. Cavalucci (France) M. B. Mc Grath(USA) R. De Guio(France) G. Mukundan (USA) S. K. Cho (USA) G. Olling (USA) S. Finger (USA) J. Ovtcharova(Germany) J. Gero(Australia) E. Schueler-Hainsch(Germany) C. Gundlach(Germ

Strengthen your students' understanding and upgrade their confidence with our AQA Computer Science workbooks, full of self-contained exercises to consolidate knowledge and improve performance. Written by an experienced Computer Science author and teacher, these full colourworkbooks provide stimulus materials on a number of AS and A-level topics, followed by sets of questions designed to develop and test skills in the unit. * With consolidation questions to reinforce knowledge and test understanding, these workbooks will raise your students' chances of achieving the highest grades. * Helps students identify their revision needs and see how to target the top grades using online answers for each question. * Saves valuable preparation time and expense, with self-contained exercises that don't need photocopying and provide instant lesson and homework solutions for specialist and non-specialist teachers. * Encourages ongoing revision throughout the course as students progressively develop their skills in class and at home.