Virginia Woolf, Jeanette Winterson, and Ali Smith share an ecological philosophy of the world as one highly interconnected entity comprised of multiple and equal, human and non-human participants. This study argues that these writers' ecocentric views find expression through their literary forms and that their texts have an ecological significance in fostering respect for and understanding of difference, human and nonhuman. Beginning with Woolf's work, these writers abandon the hegemonic master narrative and instead practice pluralistic, democratic, and non-authoritarian forms that are consistent with feminist ecology and erode patriarchal domination. Their texts have a world-transforming potential as they offer formal models that overcome dualistic thinking and unsettle traditional binaries. The value transformation they encourage is an indispensible groundwork for the new environmental philosophy and a prerequisite to progressive action and change.

Camus' L'Etranger (The Outsider) has become one of the most widely read books of modern literature. The essays contained in this book celebrate its continuing influence throughout the world. Contributors come from Algeria, Samoa, India, Russia, France, Britain and the US. Also included are essays by prominent French and English-language authors for whom the novel has been an influential expression of contemporary sensibility. Other essays include feminist interpretations of Meursault, studies of Camus' narrative form, and explorations of the Algerian setting of the novel. Comparative studies show Camus' relation to the New Novel, to Greene and Orwell and to Jules Roy. Other books by Adele King include Camus, French Women Novelists: Defining a Female Style and Proust.

Since the war Graham Greene has travelled habitually to the world's trouble-spots and has provided leading newspapers and journals with articles about what he saw. While contending that a writer must be free of political affiliations he has commmitted himself to many countries and causes, and while insisting that literature must never be used for political ends he has written novels informed by a political urgency. The Dangerous Edge is about his political reportage and how the observations that formed it were transformed into literature. It is about how a novelist who struggled to record public issues dispassionately became in the process an important political conscience.

In The Sappho History, Margaret Reynolds traces the story of the reception of Sappho's poetry and her afterlife in literature and art from the mid 18th century to the present day. For women writers in the Romantic period, she symbolized possibility; for the young Tennyson, she was a private ancestor helping him make his own name as a poet. Richly illustrated throughout, The Sappho History provides a new view of Western culture from the Romantic period to the Modern.

Writing Under Tyranny: English Literature and the Henrician Reformation spans the boundaries between literary studies and history. It looks at the impact of tyrannical government on the work of poets, playwrights, and prose writers of the early English Renaissance. It shows the profound effects that political oppression had on the literary production of the years from 1528 to 1547, and how English writers in turn strove to mitigate, redirect, and finally resist that oppression. The result was the destruction of a number of forms that had dominated the literary production of late-medieval England, but also the creation of new forms that were to dominate the writing of the following centuries. Paradoxically, the tyranny of Henry VIII gave birth to many modes of writing now seen to be characteristic of the English literary Renaissance.

How are linguistic wars for global prominence literarily and linguistically inscribed in literature? This book focuses on the increasing presence of cosmetic multilingualism in prize-winning fiction, making a case for an emerging transparent-turn in which momentary multilingualism works in the service of long-term monolingualism.

The volumes in this set, originally published between 1963 and 1990, draw together research by leading academics on Virginia Woolf, and provide a rigorous examination of related key issues. The volumes include literary criticism on Virginia Woolf's novels, poetry, plays and essays, through the lens of linguistics, narrative theory, psychoanalysis and textual analysis, whilst also exploring the literary modernist movement. This set will be of particular interest to students of literature, history and linguistics respectively.

The victory of the young religious politicians of the Justice and Development Party in 2002 and their new pro-European Union stance was proceded by the emergence of new Islamic intellectual, autobiographical, and literary accounts in the 90s. This book explores the changing understandings of Islam by focusing on the Islamist movement's production of literary fiction since the early 1980s. It contextualizes a close reading of exemplary novels within broader developments in Turkish society. The study sheds light on how the politics of gender, collective identity, idealism, and individual aspirations in a modern context are expressed, generated, and revised through literature.

Teaching Nabokov's Lolita in the #MeToo Era and Online seeks to critique Nabokov's Lolita from the standpoint of its teachability to undergraduate and graduate students in the twenty first century. The #MeToo Movement has spurred a reassessment of what constitutes appropriate professional and sexual relations, a reassessment that has challenged how we teach our students, especially when we are studying controversial works. The time has come to ask in the #MeToo Era and beyond, how do we approach Nabokov's inflammatory masterpiece, Lolita? How do we read a novel that describes an unpardonable crime? How do we balance analysis of Lolita's brilliant language and aesthetic complexity with due attention to its troubling content? This volume offers practical and specific answers to this question and includes suggestions for teaching the novel in conventional and online modalities. Essays by distinguished Nabokov scholars explore the multilayered nature of Nabokov's Lolita by sharing innovative assignments and creative-writing exercises, teaching approaches to especially challenging parts of the text, methodologies of teaching the novel through different mediums from film to theatre, and new critical analyses and interpretations.

Sexuality and erotic desire were important components of Victorian culture, and the novels of the Victorian era reflect the sexual attitudes of the authors and culture of that period. The Stone and the Scorpion focuses on the interplay of erotics in the novels of Charlotte Bronte, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy. Using several extra-literary critical approaches, particularly feminist gender-relations theory, this book determines degrees of female subjectivity and desire in these novels. At the heart of the study is the belief that the disruption of conventional male-female dualities is essential to the recasting of the erotic relationship in contemporary culture. Mitchell re-reads several well-read novels by three major Victorian authors in order to analyze their symbolic construction of gender and sexuality. As a group, the novels she discusses are a recognized part of the established literary canon; they span the latter half of the 19th century; and they embody various forms of erotic desire. The book considers to what extent the novelists dare to invest their female characters with erotic subjectivity, and to what degree this investment changed over time.

The brand new instalment in the top 10 bestselling Cornish Midwife series!It's the most wonderful time of the year... But for single mum and busy midwife Nadia, it's quickly turning into her worst Christmas ever. Her marriage is over, and whilst her husband has moved on, Nadia finds herself back home, squashed into her mum's spare room with her two small children. They might not be a perfect family anymore, but Nadia is determined to make this Christmas special for them. Dr Hamish Spencer totally understands Nadia's pain. As a fellow single parent, he's struggling to cope with a rebellious teen daughter and a precocious six-year-old! Perhaps if he and Nadia join forces, they could make this Christmas slightly more memorable for everyone? The last thing Nadia wants is a new man in her life, but she'd definitely like lovely Hamish as a friend. But Christmas has a way of melting the hardest of hearts and maybe a kiss under the mistletoe could change everything? Praise for The Cornish Midwife Series: 'Stunning setting, wonderful characters, and oozing with warmth. A triumph from Jo Bartlett.' Jessica Redland 'Perfectly written and set in the beating heart of a community, this story is a wonderful slice of Cornish escapism.' Helen J Rolfe "I absolutely love the Cornish Midwife series, especially being an aspiring midwife from Cornwall. Despite being fiction, these books never fail to motivate me to carry on studying when things get tough and really become The Cornish Midwife myself." Tegan from Reading with Tegs (book blogger and trainee midwife) "I get so absorbed in the books from the Cornish Midwife series, I can't put them down. The characters are like my colleagues, a tight group of people who love the job they do. The stories are truly captivating and make me feel like I am working alongside the characters, as the series mirrors my working life as a Midwifery Care Assistant so well." Sandra Twyman, Midwifery Care Assistant and avid reader

Aleksis Kivi (1834-1872) is Finland's greatest writer. His great 1870 novel The Brothers Seven has been translated 59 times into 34 languages. Is he world literature, or not? In Aleksis Kivi and/as World Literature Douglas Robinson uses this question as a wedge for exploring the nature and nurture of world literature, and the contributions made by translators to it. Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari's notion of major and minor literature, Robinson argues that translators have mainly "majoritized" Kivi-translated him respectfully-and so created images of literary tourism that ill suit recognition as world literature. Far better, he insists, is the impulse to minoritize-to find and celebrate the minor writer in Kivi, who "sends the major language racing."

Why have so many prominent literary authors-from Philip Pullman and Jose Saramago to Michele Roberts and Colm Toibim-recently rewritten the canonical story of Jesus Christ? What does that say about our supposedly secular age? In this insightful study, Magdalena Maczynska defines and examines the genre of scriptural metafiction: novels that not only transform religious texts but also draw attention to these transformations. In addition to providing rich examples and close readings, Maczynska positions literary studies within interdisciplinary debates about religion and secularity. Her book demonstrates a surprising turn of events: even as contemporary novelists deconstruct the traditional categories of "secular" and "sacred" writing, they open up new spaces for scripture in contemporary culture.

The New Atheist Novel is the first study of a major new genre of contemporary fiction. It examines how Richard Dawkins's so-called 'New Atheism' movement has caught the imagination of four eminent modern novelists: Ian McEwan, Martin Amis, Salman Rushdie and Philip Pullman. For McEwan and his contemporaries, the contemporary novel represents a new front in the ideological war against religion, religious fundamentalism and, after 9/11, religious terror: the novel apparently stands for everything freedom, individuality, rationality and even a secular experience of the transcendental that religion seeks to overthrow. In this book, Bradley and Tate offer a genealogy of the New Atheist Novel: where it comes from, what needs it serves and, most importantly, where it may go in the future. What is it? How does it dramatise the war between belief and non-belief? To what extent does it represent a genuine ideological alternative to the religious imaginary or does it merely repeat it in secularised form? This fascinating study offers an incisive critique of this contemporary testament of literary belief and unbelief.

British Identities, Heroic Nationalisms, and the Gothic Novel, 1764-1824 considers three interlocking developments of this period: the emergence of the Gothic novel at a time when national upheavals required the construction of a new nationalist identity, the Gothic novel's redefinition of heroes and heroism in that nationalist debate, and changes within class and gender as well as audience and author relations. The scope of this study extends beyond the confines of the novel proper to include chapbooks and illustrated reactions.

This study argues that Murdoch's plots and characters are motivated by the question of the past. Drawing on many of her key works, and providing an analysis of her "first person retrospective" novels as a separate group within the larger body of her fiction, the author also considers Murdoch's relation to key currents within 20th-century thought, such as modernism, postmodernism, and psychoanalysis.

Newly revised and enlarged, the second edition of A Conrad Chronology draws upon a rich range of published and unpublished materials. It offers a detailed factual record of Joseph Conrad's unfolding life as seaman and writer as well as tracing the compositional and publication history of his major works.

Exemplifying a new methodology identified as'animality studies' that focuses on constructions of animality at specific historical and cultural moments, without the explicit emphasis on animal advocacy that is often found in animal studies, this book explores animality at the turn of the twentieth century in the United States. At that moment, shifts in what it meant to be both 'human' and 'animal' became crucial in terms of producing new ways of thinking about a wide range of human behaviors, including homosexuality, labor exploitation, and the lynching of black men. The discourse of 'the jungle' was born at the confluence of Darwin and Freud, once human behavior could be explained, supposedly, by animal instincts that were naturally violent in the name of survival and heterosexual in the name of reproduction. Literary and cultural texts at the turn of the twentieth century produced new ways of thinking about the 'beast within' shifting away from a Protestant Christian formulation of a devilish inner beast that was sinful and violent. But the central argument here is that Darwinist-Freudian formulations of the human animal, despite reigning critical interpretations, were often contested rather than reinforced by writers such as Jack London, Henry James, Frank Norris, Upton Sinclair, Edgar Rice Burroughs, and William James, as well as cultural events such as a circus elephant publicly electrocuted at Coney Island, an African man on display in the Monkey House of the Bronx Zoo, and the Scopes "Monkey Trial." Ultimately, this book reveals not only new ways of thinking about familiar texts, but also the significance of the question of the animal in relation to fields such as the history of sexuality, studies of literary naturalism, and critical race studies within American literary and cultural studies. The book reveals how the figure of the animal evolved in U.S. literature and culture at the turn of the century, particularly through the birth of the jungle: a discourse that continues to enable enduring justifications of homophobia, economic exploitation, and racism in the United States and beyond.

Literary modernism traditionally focuses on the writings of self-consciously avant-garde writers who attempted to break with literary and aesthetic forms inherited from the nineteenth-century. This view of Modernism has overlooked much of the social comedy of the period, assessing it as satiric and therefore conservative, reinforcing the very cultural values it sets out to critique. Examining the work of Virginia Woolf, Ivy Compton-Burnett, Evelyn Waugh, and Anthony Powell in light of psychoanalytic theories of joke-work and gallows humor, Colletta claims that dark humor is an important characteristic of Modernism.

Henry James remained throughout his life focused on his boyhood and early manhood, and correspondingly on younger boys and men, and John R. Bradley illustrates how it is in the context of such narcissism that James consistently dealt with male desire in his fiction. He also traces a more subtle but related trajectory in James's writing from a Classical to a Modernist gay discourse, which in turn is shown to have been paralleled by a shift in James's fiction from naturalistic beginnings to later stylistic evasion and obscurity. This radical book, which covers the whole of James's career, will quickly be recognized as a defining text in this emerging field of James studies.

This original three-part study examines Russia, Russians and their culture in Joyce's life and establishes a Russian theme running through his work as a whole, from the earliest writings to Finnegans Wake. It discusses contacts and parallels between Joyce and three Russian figures: Bely, Nabokov and Eisenstein (and, more briefly, Pasternak). Thirdly, it details the Soviet reception of Joyce from 1922 until publication of the first Russian Ulysses in 1989, as well as surveying Marxist approaches to Joyce. A full bibliography of Russian and western sources is included.

Making History New explores how several British modernists applied the experimental methods of literary modernism to the writing of narrative history and historical novels. The historical novel is usually assumed to be only a concern of either nineteenth century realism or postmodernism, but the historical works of Joseph Conrad, Ford Madox Ford and Rebecca West evidence a modernist obsession with historical narrative. Works like Nostromo, Parade's End and Black Lamb and Grey Falcon utilized literary techniques we have come to associate with modernism-fragmentation, subjectivity, nonlinearity-in their effort to narrate the past, but unlike many of their contemporaries they never jettisoned narrative as the primary means for textual engagements with the historical past. Such a divisioning between narrative and non-narrative modes of writing history also mark the field of historiography in the wake of the Holocaust, with poststructural challenges to narrative history compelling many historians to deprioritize the role of narrative. By contrast, many historians have experimented in "creative history," works of history that acknowledge the possible limitations of narrative but that attempt to ingest such problems into the very form of historical recreation. The modernist historians can provide models for such an enterprise, as they were aware of the pitfalls of narrative, but were also driven by an ethical imperative to relate the past in the forms of stories, and so employed modernist techniques to both signal the past but also stage the difficulties of the recreation of history in language.

Uniquely placed to explore the worldwide phenomenon of Stieg Larsson's Millennium trilogy beginning with The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, the book offers the first full-length study of Larsson's work in both its written and filmed forms.

This book is a study of religious science fiction and fantasy in the tradition of Lewis and Tolkien. Sammons explores why writers use fantasy to convey theology. In addition, the book provides a theoretical understanding of fantasy as a form of literature by examining the techniques of current writers in light of the goals and theories of the "founders" of the genre. Sammons discusses techniques such as supposition, transposition, imagery, and reader participation, along with the themes and ideas they convey. The author traces the chronological development of the genre and the characteristics and effects of religious fantasy with a wealth of examples.

Barbara Kingsolver wears the feminist mantle with joyful pride, and her spirited embrace of political themes is contagious. Responding to richly-drawn heroines along their journeys to do right by family and community, readers embrace Kingsolver's political novels, making them bestsellers. From the haunting Arizona landscape of Kingsolver's early trilogy of novels, to the lush African jungle that sets the scene in her latest, "The Poisonwood Bible," Kingsolver weaves colorful tapestries with vivid prose, exceptional intelligence, and unexpected humor. DeMarr's comprehensive treatment covers not only Kingsolver's four novels, each with its own chapter, but also discusses with considerable insight her background as a feminist, as a journalist, and, most importantly, as a humanist.

Introducing readers to Kingsolver, DeMarr devotes a chapter to her life and work, showing how the two are deeply intertwined. While Kingsolver's writing is never strictly autobiographical, the well-researched section on politics and genre discusses how experiences in Kingsolver's own life and in her work as a political journalist have influenced her fiction writing. In addition to the celebrated novels that readers have come to love: "The Bean Trees," "Pigs in Heaven," "Animal Dreams," and "The Poisonwood Bible," as well as the poems and short stories, DeMarr covers the nonfiction: the essays and political writings. A full chapter analyzes each novel in terms of plot and character development, thematic content, symbolism, and the importance of place and language. Students and fans of Kingsolver will find this work, including its well-organized bibliography, accessible and interesting.