A key challenge facing higher education institutions is that of retaining students. Though gaming technologies are increasingly being used in support of learning initiatives, gamification can also assist with attendance by increasing engagement. By using gaming technology to map educational content, teachers can engage and motivate learners through adaptive infrastructures and game thinking challenges. Gamification Strategies for Retention, Motivation, and Engagement in Higher Education: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a critical scholarly resource that examines gaming technologies as effectively utilized learning tools to improve retention, engagement, motivation, and problem solving. Featuring a wide range of topics such as higher education, augmented reality, and socialization, this book is ideal for academicians, administrators, researchers, IT specialists, education professionals, and students

The Governance of European Higher Education: Convergence or Divergence analyses governance at state and institutional levels in five European higher education systems chosen as representative of European higher education as a whole: Germany, Hungary, Norway, Portugal and the UK (as in England, Scotland and Wales). Drawing on 180 detailed face-to-face interviews with policymakers and universities the book explores the extent to which governance and systems have been converging or diverging towards or away from a common European model over the last decade and records the evidence of growing directional controls exercised by the various states.