The volume of elderly patients requiring anesthesia and surgery is growing rapidly. Thirty-five percent of surgeries are performed on patients older than 65 years, and in general, these patients have higher morbidity and mortality rates after anesthesia compared with their younger counterparts. One of the major challenges of treating elderly patients is the heterogeneity of the geriatric population-and the need to individualize care for each patient to provide the best outcome.

Airway management is the medical process of ensuring there is an open pathway between a patient's lungs and the outside world, as well as reducing the risk of aspiration. Airway management is a primary consideration in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, anesthesia, emergency medicine, intensive care medicine and first aid. Difficult airway (defined as more than three attempts, or taking longer than 10 minutes) is the major factor in anesthesia morbidity.

Because anesthesia and surgery affect every system in the body, there are many different forms of anesthesia. This issue will cover the risks to recovery of 6 major specialty areas in abdominal surgery, as well as major open and laparoscopic abdominal surgery.

This quick reference guide, with its easy-to-use format, can be used as a revision tool for professional examinations as well as a tutorial aid for lecturers. It will, therefore, be an essential purchase for trainees and specialists in anaesthesia, intensive care and emergency medicine as well as providing continuing medical education for established senior staff. * Illustrative case scenarios to emphasize the safe, modern approach to a wide variety of problems in the field of paediatric anaesthesia and intensive care * Topics reflecting the scope of current practice with questions and answers * Key references for further reading

This groundbreaking annual review has provided over three decades of knowledge, insight, and research on topics critical to the field of nursing.

Neurosurgical procedures are becoming more common and are taking place in the operating room and in interventional suites. Procedures that used to be performed only at major academic institutions are also being done in small community hospitals, and anesthesiologists in private practice are being asked to care for these patients. In many cases, treatment options are controversial or rapidly evolving. Close cooperation between the anesthesiologist and neurosurgeon is essential to achieve optimal outcomes and early recognition of any adverse events so appropriate therapy can be implemented. Fundamentals of Neuroanesthesia is a comprehensive guide to neuroanesthesia that discusses neurophysiology, neuroanatomy, and neurosurgical procedures and offers practical approaches and solutions to administering neuroanesthesia and providing perioperative care for neurosurgical patients. Chapters emphasize clinical management of neurosurgical problems that may be encountered in community practice as well as major academic medical centers. Highlighted key points, figures, algorithms, and management procedures supplement the text. This book is a must-have volume for general anesthesiologists, anesthesiology fellows, and subspecialists.

Advances in Anesthesia reviews the year's most important questions in anesthesiology. A distinguished editorial board identifies key areas of major progress and controversy and invites preeminent specialists to contribute original articles devoted to these topics. These insightful overviews in anesthesiology bring concepts to a clinical level and explore their everyday impact on patient care. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews in anesthesiology, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information in the field under the leadership of an experienced editorial team; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

The current practice of medicine is largely moving toward applying an evidence-based approach. Evidence-based medicine is the integration of best research evidence using systematic reviews of the medical literature and then translating it into practice by selecting treatment options for specific cases based on the best research. Clinicians rely on the availability of evidence and accordingly take decisions to provide best treatment to their patients. Clinical management of neurologically compromised patients is challenging and varied; for this reason, treating physicians including neuroanesthesiologists are always in search of best available evidence for patient management and care. Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice of Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care highlights the various controversies that exist in the practice of neuroanesthesia and provides conclusive evidence-based solutions. This comprehensive resource succinctly discusses evidence-based practice of neuroanesthesia based on systematic reviews in clinical neuroscience research. Topics include neurophysiology: ICP or CPP thresholds; neuropharmacology: intravenous or inhalational anesthetics; and neuromonitoring: ICP monitoring. Evidence-based practice is now an integral part of neuroscience, and this book will help residents and trainees gain knowledge to apply it to their practice. Endorsements/Reviews: "Evidence based practice is facilitating changes at a rapid pace in neuroanesthesia and neurocritical care practice. Its practice is exceedingly crucial in neuroanesthesia and neurocritical care considering the criticality of the neurologically sick patients, which leaves little or no room for error for an acceptable outcome in them. Patient management in Neuroanesthesia and neurocritical care has many contentious issues because of rapidly evolving changes in their management which require treatment guided by the latest available evidence in literature. Dr. Hemanshu Prabhakar is a strong proponent of evidence based practice for the management of neurologically ill patients both for surgical procedures and their management in neurointensive care unit. Undoubtedly, this book will be of enormous benefits to the students as well as teachers of neuroanesthesia and neurocritical care sub-specialties." -- Parmod Bithal, Editor-In-Chief, Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care (JNACC)

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Alison Perate and Vanessa Olbrecht, focuses on Pediatric Anesthesia. This is one of four issues each year selected by the series consulting editor, Dr. Lee Fleisher. Articles in this issue include, but are not limited to: The Pediatric Difficult Airway: Updates and Innovations; Current Knowledge of the Impact of Anesthetics on the Developing Brain; Anesthesia for Innovative Pediatric Surgical Procedures; Pediatric Mass Casualty Preparedness; The Pediatric Burn: Current Trends and Future Directions; Managing the Child with Complex Congenital Heart Disease; Modernizing Education of the Pediatric Anesthesiologist; Regional Anesthesia: Options for the Pediatric Patient; Managing the Pediatric Patient for Anesthesia Outside of the OR; New Trends in Fetal Anesthesia; Anesthetic Implications of the Common Congenital Anomalies; Managing the Adult Patient with Congenital Disease; Trends in Pain Management: Thinking Beyond Opioids; Sustainability in the OR: Reducing Our Impact on the Planet; Current Trends in OSA; and Processed EEG Guided Propofol Infusion in Children.

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Katherine Forkin, Lauren Dunn, and Edward Nemergut, is focused on Gender, Racial, and Socioeconomic Issues in Perioperative Medicine. Topics include: Addressing Racial and Gender Disparities amongst Physicians and the Impact on the Community they Serve; Addressing Racial and Gender Disparities in Critical Care; Care and Outcomes of Religious Minority Patients in the ICU; Genetics and Gender in Acute Pain and Perioperative Analgesia; Women and Underrepresented Minorities in Academic Anesthesiology; Special Considerations Related to Race, Sex, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status in the Preoperative Evaluation; Racial Differences in Cesarean Section and Labor Analgesia; Gender Differences in Postoperative Outcomes after Cardiac Surgery; Perioperative Considerations Regarding Sex in Solid Organ Transplantation; Considerations for Transgender Patients Perioperatively; Health Disparities in Pediatric Anesthesia; Role of Gender and Race in Patient Reported Outcomes and Satisfaction; and Effects of Gender and Race/Ethnicity in Perioperative Team Performance.

Most of the developments in perioperative medicine the 20th century were focused on the establishment of standard monitors, biomarkers, and outcomes measures for the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, with marked improvements in perioperative safety. The fields of anesthesiology and perioperative medicine have now shifted to the consideration of the nervous system. Complications such as delirium, cognitive decline, anesthetic neurotoxicity, stroke and other devastating nervous system events are only now developing significant scientific and clinical attention. Yet there has been no single reference to serve as a guide for the clinician or the investigator in this area. Neurologic Outcomes of Surgery and Anesthesia fills this gap in perioperative medicine literature and provides a concise yet thorough overview of adverse outcomes involving the brain, spine, and peripheral nerves. Rather than being organized by type of operation, each chapter in this invaluable resource is devoted to a specific adverse outcome. Every outcome is reviewed in an easy-to-follow format that includes an introduction to the clinical problem, a section on incidence, prevalence, and outcomes, an assessment of risk factors, discussions of preventive strategies, treatment, and current recommendations, a conclusion, and references.

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, edited by Dr. Karsten Bartels and Dr. Stefan Dieleman in collaboration with Consulting Editor Dr. Lee Fleisher, focuses on Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Critical Care. Topics in this issue include: Anesthetic Management for Endovascular Repair of the Thoracic Aorta; Ethical Considerations for Mechanical Support; Modulating Perioperative Ventricular Excitability; Echocardiography Education for Anesthesia Trainees; Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Cardiac Surgery; New Approaches to Perioperative Right Ventricular Assessment; New Techniques for Optimization of Donor Lungs/Hearts; Recent Developments in Catheter-Based Cardiac Procedures; Heart Failure in Adults with Congential Heart Disease; Optimizing Perioperative Blood and Coagulation Management During Cardiac Surgery; Advances in the Prevention of AKI Following Cardiac Surgery; Clinical Trials That Should be Done in Cardiac Anesthesia; and Cardiac Surgery and the Blood-Brain Barrier.

In collaboration with Consulting Editor, Dr. Lucky Jain, Drs. Hamrick and Ing have put together a comprehensive issue that provides current information of anesthesia, sedation, and pain control in the NICU and for mothers. Clinical review articles are devoted to the following topics: Anesthesia neurotoxicity in the developing brain: Basic studies; Anesthesia neurotoxicity: Update on clinical studies; Neurologic Injury after neonatal cardiac surgery; Effect of repetitive pain on developing brain and physiology of nociception; Sedation/pain control in the NICU; Assessment of Pain in the Newborn; Non-pharmacologic Approaches to Pain Management; Epidurals/spinals for newborn surgery; Neonatal airway management; Effects of maternal anesthesia on perinatal hemodynamics and neonatal acidemia; Maternal anesthesia for urgent c-section; Fetal anesthesia; Neonatal abstinence syndrome (Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome); and Opioid crisis in the US: Maternal management. Readers will come away with the information they need to provide better care to the neonate and mothers and improve outcomes.

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, edited by Dr. Michael T. Walsh in collaboration with Consulting Editor Lee Fleisher, is focused on Ambulatory Anesthesia. Topics in this issue include: Preoperative evaluation for ambulatory anesthesia; Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea in the ambulatory patient; Pediatric ambulatory anesthesia challenges; Safety in dental anesthesia for office-based practitioners; Office-based anesthesia; Regional anesthesia for the ambulatory anesthesiologist; Anesthesia for same-day total joint; Enhanced recovery in outpatient surgery; Outcomes in ambulatory anesthesia: Measuring what matters; ASC Medical director issues; NORA: Anesthesia in the GI suite; MACRA/MIPS/APM, etc: Payment issues in ambulatory anesthesia; Emergency response in the ASC; and Quality Improvement in ambulatory anesthesia.

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, edited by Drs. Maureen McCunn, Mohammed Iqbal Ahmed, and Catherine M. Kuza is dedicated to Cutting-Edge Trauma and Emergency Care. Topics in this issue include: Recognizing preventable death: the role of survival prediction algorithms; ATLS (R) Update 2019: Adult management and applications to pediatric trauma care; Induction agents in specific trauma situations: RSI versus 'slow sequence intubation': Considerations for cervical spine, massive facial trauma, and tracheal disruption; Hemorrhage control and the anesthesiologist: resuscitative endovascular occlusion (REBOA) and emergency perfusion resuscitation (EPR); TEG/ROTEM as a guide for massive transfusion of patients with life-threatening hemorrhage; The anesthesiologist's response to a multiple casualty-incident: our roles working through Hurricanes Irma and Harvey; When the provider becomes the victim: how to prepare for an active shooter in the trauma center; Non-accidental pediatric injuries, pediatric TBI, and sports concussions; Gender disparities in trauma care: how sex determines treatment, behavior, and the outcome; Pain management in trauma in the age of the opioid crisis; The use of point of care ultrasound (PoCUS) in trauma anesthesia care; Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma patients; Enhanced recovery after surgery: Are ERAS principles applicable to adult and geriatric trauma and acute care surgery?; and Future trends in trauma care: lessons from current research and treatment strategies in the military.

Advances in Anesthesia highlights the year's significant medical advances, providing one source to review the essential information updates for the Anesthesiologist in that year. The distinguished editorial board, led by Dr. Thomas McLoughlin, includes Drs. Richard Dutton, Laurence Torsher, and Francis Salinas. The board has assembled a first-rate volume for 2018, with topics including care of the severely injured orthopedic patient, patient satisfaction, emergency preparedness and mass casualty considerations, anticoagulant reversal agents, perioperative blood pressure management, postoperative management of nausea and vomiting, anesthesia for noncardiac surgery in patients with implanted LVAD, neurocognitive impact of anesthesia in children, modalities and techniques for labor epidural analgesia and anesthesia, PECS and Serratus Plane Blocks, Transversus Abdominus Plane (TAP) Blocks, cardiac dysrhythmias, right heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, and risks of "non-rate based harms."

Three complete mock exams, with answers, including the new-style CRQs CRQs and SBAs for the Final FRCA combines CRQ (constructed response questions) with SBA (single best answer) questions to accurately mimic the structure and content of the new-style final FRCA exam. The book is split into three mock exams, each comprising: 12 CRQ with 60 SBA questions detailed explanatory answers useful references to articles to allow readers to improve their knowledge an indication as to the degree of difficulty of each question. The book is ideal for all candidates preparing to sit the final FRCA.