Drs. Mercedes Torres and Rachel Chin guest edit this issue on HIV in the Emergency Department. Topics include: Emergent Dermatologic Issues in HIV Patients; HEENT Emergencies in HIV-Infected Patients; Diarrhea in HIV-Infected Patients; Emergent Hematologic and Oncologic Problems in HIV-Infected Patients; Acute HIV and Immune Reconstitution Syndrome; Orthopedic Problems in HIV-Infected Patients; and Pulmonary: HIV-Associated Respiratory Emergency.

Articles include: The Problem of Orofacial Injury, Acute and Chronic Psychological Reactions to Orofacial Injury, Technological Advances to Foster Collaborative Care, Screening for Psychological Problems in the Trauma Setting, Barriers to Collaborative Care: Patient and Provider Perceptions, Substance Use Problems and Correlates of Facial Injury, Facial Injury as a Marker of Domestic Violence, Social Support and Resource Needs as Mediators of Recovery After Facial Injury, and Integrated Care in General Trauma.

Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) usually represents the final step in the management of severe chronic respiratory diseases: a large proportion of patients suffering from these conditions is involved and the corresponding impact for the Health Institutions and the Society is dramatically increasing. Although LTOT is well known and widely used since long ago in most modern countries, it still represents a challenging topic due to the huge amount of variables which can affect both its efficacy and effectiveness. Unfortunately, patients, doctors, care-givers, together with health institutions and political decision makers frequently have different visions on LTOT, thus highly contributing to obtain uneven results and changing outcomes. The focus of this volume is on new insights and novel perspectives of LTOT. Starting from consolidated experiences, it's aim is also to emphasize the strategic value of developing technologies and innovative organizational models uniquely to find out even more opportunities and advantages for the management of chronic respiratory patients needing long-term oxygen treatment.

Guest editors Jeffery Tabas, MD and Teri Reynolds, MD have put together a top-notch panel of physicians on the topic of High Risk Emergency Medicine. Articles include: Pitfalls in the Low Risk Chest Pain Patient; Pitfalls in Patients with Shortness of Breath; High Risk Airway Management; Ultrasound in the Critically Ill Patient; Pitfalls in the Patient with Shock; and Pitfalls in the Evaluation/Resuscitation of the Trauma Patient.

An important review on trauma and emergency care for the general dentist! Topics will include medical and oro-facial evaluation, epidemiology of trauma to oro-facial structures, minor traumatic injuries to the primary and permanent dentition, major trauma to the oral and maxillofacial structures, developing and maintaining a "dental trauma kit," management of trauma to supporting dental structures, psychological aspects of dental injuries, preventive strategies for traumatic injuries, medico-legal issues in traumatic injuries, and more!

This issue of Emergency Medicine Clinics tackles the increasingly difficult legal issues facing doctors today, guest edited by Joseph Kahn, Brendan Magauran, and John Olshaker. Topics include: "Clinical Practice Guidelines," "The Legal Process: Being a Defendant or an Expert Witness," "Professional Liability Insurance," "Informed Consent, AMA, Refusal of Care, Capacity," "CQI, Incident Reports, Reporting Requirements, PEER Review," and more!

Doctors Daya and Spiro concluded the two part series on Cancer Emergencies with articles on: "GI Bleeding," "Hepatic Encephalopathy," "Bleeding diatheses, Disseminated intravascular coagulation," "Hyperviscosity syndrome, Polycythemia, Hyperleukocytosis, Thrombocytosis," and more!

Topics include: "Practical guide to hypothermia for neuroprotection," "Safety of stroke thrombolysis in community practice," "Glycemic control and the injured brain," "Vertigo and dizziness in the ED," "Critical care transport of patients with neuroemergencies," "Primary headaches in the ER," "Meningitis and encephalitis," and "Management of TIAs in the 21st Century."

The terrorist use of diseases as bioweapons has been one of the major security concerns in recent years, particularly after the anthrax letter attacks in the USA in 2001. This uncertain threat of intentional outbreaks of diseases exists side by side with the constantly changing very real threat from diseases, epidemics and pandemics as recently illustrated by the H1N1 influenza pandemic, SARS, and H5N1 bird influenza events. This publication contains case studies on the public health planning for (un)usual disease outbreaks for 11 large and small countries with a focus on South Eastern Europe. In many countries, military entities traditionally play an important role in emergency response to disease outbreaks. In smaller countries, very little exists, however, in terms of specific biopreparedness efforts (in both the military and civilian area), which is at least partly due to a relatively low bioterrorism threat perception, and serious resource constraints. The uncertainty associated with the bioterrorism threat makes public health preparedness planning for such events politically and financially very difficult. The similarity of responding to bioterrorism events and natural disease outbreaks from a public health point of view suggests the merit of looking at biopreparedness as a part of overall health emergency planning, not as a separate effort.

Current and concise, the updated and revised 2nd Edition of this pocket-sized reference reflects the substantial changes shaping the evaluation and treatment of many emergency conditions today. Its unique "signs and symptoms" approach offers the quickest possible way to diagnose critical conditions in an emergency situation. Organized around presenting symptoms, it can be used in real time to answer patient care questions. Diagnoses are listed in order of their severity in each chapter, with the symptoms, signs, suggested workup, and patient disposition given for each diagnosis. Uses a symptom-based approach for quick diagnosis. Features an outline format for real-time reference. Focuses on the 200 conditions most frequently encountered in the emergency room. Presents a useful tool for evaluating the likelihood that a specific symptom - or symptoms - denotes a particular disease, and allows the reader to initiate an appropriate treatment. Includes new chapters on emergency situations involving biological, chemical, and radiation terrorism * chapters devoted to the challenges presented by patients with AIDS and those with organ transplants * two chapters on environmental emergencies * one chapter examining heat illness, hypothermia, and submersion injury * and a chapter on envenomations. Features expanded "Treatment Considerations" sections.

Substantialfundamental workhas been undertaken inthe different aspects of impact biomechanics over the past three decades. Much of this has been motivated and undertaken bythe automotive industry intheirefforts to improve transport safety. More recently, however, it has become app- ent that themultidisciplinary synergies which are realisedby interactions between engineers, scientists and clinical practitioners will ultimately lead to a greater understanding of the complex interacting phenomena withinthe human bodyafter it has sustained an impact. In turn, this greater depth of knowledge will provide more fundamentalinsights into the analysis, d- gnosis, treatment and prevention ofimpact injuries across a broader sp- trum of accident environments. Thescienti?c focus of this IUTAM symposium istoaddress those t- ics that are centrally important to the biomechanics ofimpact. These can be groupedinto those that are concerned with the different causes of - cidents (e. g. , transport, occupational and sports injuries), themechanics - volvedinaccident analysis (e. g. , accident investigation, computational m- elling techniques), the different types of resulting traumatic injuries (incl- ing musculoskeletal, organ, spinal and head injuries), methods of asse- ing the extent of injury (e. g. , injury assessment, injury criteria, constitutive laws for human tissue), and providing protection during an impact (e. g. , injury prevention, energy absorption materials, and safety devices).

This book addresses earthquakes, with a special focus on the Ghorka earthquake, which struck parts of central Nepal in April 2015. Drawing on this disastrous event, it closely examines various aspects of earthquakes in contributions prepared by international experts. The topics covered include: the geological and geophysical background of seismicity; a detailed inventory of the damage done by the earthquake; effective damage prevention through earthquake-safe buildings and settlements; restoration options for world-heritage buildings; strategies for providing technical and medical relief and, lastly, questions associated with public life and economy in a high-risk seismic zone. Combining perspectives from various fields, the book presents the state of the art in all earthquake-related fields and outlines future approaches to risk identification, damage prevention, and disaster management in all parts of society, administration, and politics in Nepal. Beyond the specific disaster in Nepal, the findings presented here will have broader implications for how societies can best deal with disasters.

This comprehensive account of the deadliest Ebola outbreak in history examines its devastating effects on West Africa's most vulnerable populations: pregnant women and children. Noted experts across disciplines assess health care systems' responses to the epidemic in Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone, emphasizing key areas such as pregnancy, prenatal services, childbirth, neonatal care, and survivor health among pregnant and non-pregnant women. The 30 chapters hone in on gender-based social issues exacerbated during the outbreak, from violence against women and girls to barriers to female education. At the same time, chapters pinpoint numerous areas for service delivery and policy improvements for more coordinated, effective, and humane actions during future pandemics. A sampling of the topics: Ebola virus disease: perinatal transmission and epidemiology Comprehensive clinical care for children with Ebola virus disease Maternal and reproductive rights: Ebola and the law in Liberia Ebola-related complications for maternal, newborn, and child health service delivery and utilization in Guinea The Ebola epidemic halted female genital cutting in Sierra Leone-temporarily Maternity care for Ebola at Medecins Sans Frontieres centers Stigmatization of pregnant women with and without Ebola Exclusion of women and infants from Ebola treatment trials Role of midwives during the Ebola epidemic Pregnant in the Time of Ebola is a powerful resource for public health specialists, anthropologists, social scientists, physicians, epidemiologists, nurses, midwives, and governmental and non-governmental agency staff studying the effects of the epidemic on women and children as a result of the most widespread Ebola outbreak to date.

TASER (R) Conducted Electrical Weapons are rapidly replacing the club for law-enforcement control of violent subjects within many countries around the globe. A TASER CEW is a hand-held device that delivers a 400-volt pulse with a duration tuned to control the skeletal muscles without affecting the heart at a distance of up to 6.5 meters over tiny wires. If necessary, it begins with an arcing voltage of 50,000 V to penetrate thick clothing; the 50,000 V is never delivered to the body itself. Due to the widespread usage of these devices and the widespread misconceptions surrounding their operation, this book will have significant utility. This volume is written for cardiologists, emergency physicians, pathologists, law enforcement management, corrections personnel, and attorneys.

This completely revised fourth edition of Principles of Pediatric and Neonatal Emergencies - a flagship publication of Indian Pediatrics - is now in colour. With its focus on the management of acute illnesses in emergency settings, especially in low- and middle-income settings, the book will be highly relevant to the needs of pediatricians working in developing countries. Most chapters have been completely rewritten, incorporating latest consensus guidelines of management by various academic bodies and incorporating flowcharts and key points. The emphasis continues to be on initial management of common and important emergencies affecting children. Detailed discussions on etiology and pathophysiology have been avoided. This textbook shall be extremely valuable for pediatricians, physicians, resident doctors and other trainees, and will be an essential part of shelf in all pediatric emergency units. Incorporates latest evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations related to pediatric and neonatal emergencies. Comprehensively covers acute illnesses in children, with emphasis on their initial management. New chapters on oxygen therapy, anaphylaxis, blood component therapy, asthma, chronic respiratory disorders, cardiac arrhythmias, traumatic brain injuries, oncological emergencies, dermatological, gynecological and psychiatric emergencies, burns, corrosive poisonings, urological, orthopedic, and ocular emergencies and approach to sexually abused child. Special arrangement in 8 sections - starting with Organization of Pediatric Emergency Department, and progressing to initial Stabilization of a Sick Child, followed by Systemic Emergencies, Environmental, and Toxicological Threats, Neonatal Emergencies, Surgical and Subspecialty Emergencies, and Procedures. Contribution from over 170 authors with vast experience in emergencies and intensive care. Annexures on drug doses for emergency drugs, with emphasis on antiarrhythmic drugs. A must for every postgraduate student and practicing pediatriciains and an essential component in the shelf of all pediatric emergenct units.

Emergency Orthopedics is a practical, up-to-date, and comprehensive manual on the diagnosis and treatment of emergency injuries and disorders of the locomotor system. Its problem-based structure, with each chapter addressing a particular symptom, is designed to allow the reader to rapidly locate hands-on advice relevant to a wide range of circumstances. For each symptom, facts and findings that will assist in diagnosis are highlighted. Possible diagnoses are suggested according to the ICD-10 code, and the proposed treatment recommendations consider both short- and long-term aspects. In addition, important issues such as osteoporosis, joint injection techniques, and burn injuries are considered in separate chapters. The text is supported by exceptionally instructive illustrations, e.g., of examination techniques and reduction maneuvers. The book is written with a wisdom reflecting the author's extensive practical experience in emergency rooms as well as in sports medicine, research, and education. It will be a treasure trove of information for all who work in the emergency room and also very useful for general practitioners, physiotherapists, and chiropractors.

The aim of this booklet is to bridge the gap between rescue of a patient with an acute head injury and his or her treatment by a neurosurgeon. It provides a protocol for management of acute head injuries aimed at paramedics, all accident and emergency department staff, orthopaedic and general surgeons, casualty consultants, armed forces medics.

As a result of arms control efforts over the past 50 years, nuclear material is subject to strict national controls and tough international treaties. But there are still almost no controls, other than a voluntary International Atomic Energy Agency code of conduct, on the sorts of radiological sources used to make radiological dirty bombs. Radiological sources are used all over the world for a wide range of peaceful purposes, including smoke detectors, medical devices, meteorology, mining and thermoelectric generators. There are at least eight million identified radiological sources worldwide. Their small size, portability and high value make them vulnerable to misuse and theft: the IAEA reported 272 cases of illicit trafficking in sealed radioactive sources between 1993 and 2002.

The IAEA estimates that 110 countries worldwide still fail to impose adequate controls. The time is ripe for an international convention and treaty on the safety and security of radiological sources.

This book covers expert discussions designed to enhance cooperation and assistance between NATO and Partner countries in support of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) efforts to secure radioactive sources against the threat of terrorism and also to support the security agenda at the International Radiation Protection Association Congress in Buenos Aires in 2008.

Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault educates readers on the ways in which drugs are used as weapons in committing sexual assaults and how to successfully investigate these crimes. It looks at the history of these crimes over the years, and includes an in-depth discussion of the drugs and drug classes in use today. It describes the effects of these drugs on the victims, the process for reporting these crimes, details on the type of person who uses drugs to sexually assault an individual, and obstacles to investigating the suspect. The authors show the proper techniques in collecting and analyzing evidence; ways to overcome some of the unique difficulties encountered in these types of investigations; and how to work with other professionals to prosecute these cases successfully. The concluding appendixes are valuable samples of the necessary forms needed to complete these investigations. This book is ideal for anyone involved in investigating these crimes, including forensic scientists, law enforcement officers, lawyers, toxicologists, and medical professionals.

All junior doctors and in particular trainee cardiologists will at some point in their training be involved in managing acute coronary syndromes and other cardiac emergencies. This handbook sets out the recognized clinical steps to take and backs them up with an analysis of the evidence supporting these decisions. Evidence-Based Coronary Care willprovide junior doctors with the answers they seek when dealing with difficult clinical situations. Evidence-Based medicine is still very topical, and this book will adopt a similar style to James: Evidence-Based Obstetrics in setting out the clinical management plan on the verso page and the evidence supporting that plan on the recto page.Two page spread design showing management plan on verso page and supporting evidence on the recto page All forms of cardiac emergencies are coveredIncludes inpatient and outpatient scenarios Complete coverage of different drugs in use for MI and unstable anginaIncludes cost/benefits analyses Didactic approachBased on up-to-date literature survey

Drowning-the third leading cause of accidental death in the U.S.-can be prevented with proper education and intervention. The Science of Drowning: Perspectives on Intervention and Prevention offers a significant departure from how drowning is traditionally treated by combining discussions about medical, prevention, and intervention issues, including the latest statistics; prevention and intervention techniques; and water safety strategies. This book provides valuable information on the risks of drowning and how to avoid them for those employed in aquatic environments, risk managers, lawyers, public safety officers, and healthcare professionals.