In professional practice, many designers collect and maintain personal notes as guidelines about experiences and insights for handling technical problems and design situations. An intelligent personal assistant (IPA) can act as a database for these notes, making the entire design process more efficient. Based on real industrial procedures, this book contains practical examples for professionals and students interested in real implementations of knowledge based systems in engineering. It integrates two major ideas: a computer system integrating computer design tools and a computer system fulfilling the role of an intelligent personal assistant. This user-friendly approach to the main ideas, concepts and techniques shows how an IPA can serve as a significant and fruitful knowledge based technique in engineering design.

Good product designs merge materials, technology and hardware into a unified user experience; one where the technology recedes into the background and people benefit from the capabilities and experiences available. By focusing on functional gain, critical awareness and emotive connection, even the most multifaceted and complex technology can be made to feel straightforward and become an integral part of daily life. Researchers, designers and developers must understand how to progress or appropriate the right technical and human knowledge to inform their innovations. The 1st International Smart Design conference provides a timely forum and brings together researchers and practitioners to discuss issues, identify challenges and future directions, and share their R&D findings and experiences in the areas of design, materials and technology.

This proceedings of the 1st Smart Design conference held at Nottingham Trent University in November 2011 includes summaries of the talks given on topics ranging from intelligent textiles design to pharmaceutical packaging to the impact of social and emotional factors on design choices with the aim of informing and inspiring future application and development of smart design.

Mechanics, Motion Control, Sensing and Programming, Synthesis and Design, Legged Locomotion and Biomechanical Aspects of Robots and Manipulators - world view of the state of the art. Characterization: This volume presents the latest contribution to the theory and practice of modern robotics given by the world recognized scientists from Australia, Canada, Europe, Japan, Mexico, Singapore and USA.

Design considerations for low-power operations and robustness with respect to variations typically impose contradictory requirements. Low-power design techniques such as voltage scaling, dual-threshold assignment and gate sizing can have large negative impact on parametric yield under process variations. This book focuses on circuit/architectural design techniques for achieving low power operation under parameter variations. We consider both logic and memory design aspects and cover modeling and analysis, as well as design methodology to achieve simultaneously low power and variation tolerance, while minimizing design overhead. This book will discuss current industrial practices and emerging challenges at future technology nodes.

The recently published book by the author, "Engineering Heat Transfer", already dealt with exact computation of heat exchangers and tube banks. In design c- putationthisisaccomplishedviacorrectivefactors;thelattermakesitpossibleto compute the actual mean temperature difference by starting from the logarithmic onerelativeto?uidsinparallel?oworcounter?ow. As far as veri?cation computation is concerned, corrective factors were int- ducedtocomputeacertaincharacteristicfactorcorrectly,asisfundamentalforthis typeofcomputation. Basedontheabove,theauthordecidedtoinvestigatefurther,re?ne,andwiden thistopic:theoutcomeofthisworkhasresultedinthishandbook. Newtypesofexchangerswereexamined;thecalculationwasre?nedtoproduce practicallyexactvaluesforthefactors. Thescopeoftheinvestigationwasincreased by widening the range of the starting factors. Furthermore, a greater number of valuestobeincludedinthetableswasconsidered. Finally,afewcharacteristicsof certainvaluesofthecorrectivefactorswerehighlighted. The?rstsectionisanintroduction;itsummarizesthefundamentalcriteriaofheat transferandproceedstoillustratethebehaviorof?uidsinbothparallelandcounter ?ow. Italsoshowshowtocomputethemeanisobaricspeci?cheatforsome? uids; itillustratesthesigni?canceofdesigncomputationandveri?cationcomputation. In addition,itillustrateshowtoproceedwithheatexchangersandtubebankstocarry outbothdesignandveri?cationcomputationcorrectly. AppendixAthenincludes36tablesasareferencefordesigncomputation,The tablescontainthecorrectivefactorsrequiredtoobtaintheactualmeantemperature differencebystartingfromthemeanlogarithmictemperaturedifferencerelativeto ?uidsinparallel?oworcounter?ow. Finally, Appendix B includes 35 tables for veri?cation computation. As far as heatexchangers areconcerned, itshowsthevaluesoffactor ? whichisrequired forthistypeofcomputation. Thevaluesofthecorrectivefactorsforcoilsandtube banksarealsopresented. Milano,Italy DonatelloAnnaratone v Notation c=speci?cheat(J/kgK) d=diameter(m) E=ef?ciencyfactor h=enthalpy(kJ/kg) k=thermalconductivity(W/mK) M=mass?owrate(kg/s) m=massmoisturepercentage(%) q=heatpertimeunit(W) 2 S=surface(m ) ? t=temperature( C) 2 U=overallheattransfercoef?cient(W/m K) x=thickness(m) 2 ? =heattransfercoef?cient(W/m K) ? =characteristicfactor ? =characteristicfactor ? =ef?ciency ? =correctivefactor ? =correctivefactor ? =characteristicfactor ? ?t =temperaturedifference( C) vii viii Notation Superscripts =heating?uid =heated?uid Subscripts c=counter?ow e=exchanger i=inside l=logarithmic m=mean o=outside p=constantpressure(isobaric),parallel?ow w=wall 1=inlet(forheatingorheated?uid) 2=outlet(forheatingorheated?uid) Contents 1 Introduction to Computation ...1 1. 1 GeneralConsiderations ...1 1. 2 MeanIsobaricSpeci?cHeat ...3 1. 2. 1 WaterandSuperheatedSteam ...4 1. 2. 2 AirandOtherGases...4 2 Design Computation...7 2. 1 Introduction ...7 2. 2 FluidsinParallelFloworinCounterFlow ...8 2. 3 TheMeanDifferenceinTemperatureinReality ...12 2. 3. 1 FluidsinCrossFlow...14 2. 3. 2 HeatExchangers...15 2. 3. 3 Coils...19 2. 3. 4 TubeBankswithVariousPassagesoftheExternalFluid . 21 3 Veri?cation Computation ...25 3. 1 Introduction ...25 3. 2 FluidsinParallelFloworinCounterFlow ...25 3. 3 Factor?inRealCases...33 3. 3. 1 FluidswithCrossFlow ...

This book contains the papers included in the proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on High-speed and Intercity Railways (IWHIR 2011) held in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, China from July 19 to July 22, 2011, which is organized by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, in collaboration with Southwest Jiaotong University, Beijing Jiaotong University, Dalian Jiaotong University, China Engineering Consultants, Inc., Zhejiang University, and Tsinghua University. Continuing the great initiatives and momentums of the rapid development in high-speed and intercity railways worldwide in recent years, IWHIR 2011 aims at providing a platform for academic scholars and practicing engineers to share knowledge and experience, to promote collaboration, and to strengthen R&D activities related to railway engineering. Engineers, scientists, professors, and students from universities, research institutes, and related industrial companies have been cordially invited to participate in the workshop. These papers have covered a wide range of issues concerning high-speed and intercity railways in the theoretical, numerical, and experimental work pertaining to high-speed and intercity railways. Showcasing diversity and quality, these papers report the state-of-the-art and point to future directions of research and development in this exciting area.

The Cambridge Workshops on Universal Access and Assistive Technology (CWUAAT) are a series of workshops held at a Cambridge University College every two years. The workshop theme: "Designing inclusion for real-world applications" refers to the emerging potential and relevance of the latest generations of inclusive design thinking, tools, techniques, and data, to mainstream project applications such as healthcare and the design of working environments. Inclusive Design Research involves developing tools and guidance enabling product designers to design for the widest possible population, for a given range of capabilities.

There are five main themes:

Designing for the Real-World

Measuring Demand And Capabilities

Designing Cognitive Interaction with Emerging Technologies

Design for Inclusion

Designing Inclusive Architecture

In the tradition of CWUAAT, we have solicited and accepted contributions over a wide range of topics, both within individual themes and also across the workshop's scope. We ultimately hope to generate more inter-disciplinary dialogues based on focused usage cases that can provide the discipline necessary to drive further novel research, leading to better designs. The aim is to impact industry and end-users as well governance and public design, thereby effectively reducing exclusion and difficulty in peoples' daily lives and society.
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This book contains all refereed papers that were accepted to the second edition of the " Complex Systems Design & Management " (CSDM 2011) international conference that took place in Paris (France) from December 7 to December 9, 2011. (Website: http://www.csdm2011.csdm.fr/). These proceedings cover the most recent trends in the emerging field of complex systems sciences & practices from an industrial and academic perspective, including the main industrial domains (transport, defense & security, electronics, energy & environment, e-services), scientific & technical topics (systems fundamentals, systems architecture& engineering, systems metrics & quality, systemic tools) and system types (transportation systems, embedded systems, software & information systems, systems of systems, artificial ecosystems). The CSDM 2011 conference is organized under the guidance of the CESAMES non-profit organization (http://www.cesames.net/).

In the past decades asset intensive companies have witnessed a number of regulatory changes and especially industry is facing ever increasing competitiveness. To overcome these challenges different asset management methods have been developed aimed to improve the asset life cycle. Especially the design phase and operation and maintenance phase have seen a rise in tools and methods. Smarter design can lead to improved operation. Likewise, improved operation and maintenance leads to lower replacement costs and may provide the basis for better design. This book brings together and coherently presents the current state of the art in asset management research and practice in Europe from a life cycle perspective. Each chapter focuses on specific parts of this life cycle and explains how the methods and techniques described are connected and how they improve the asset life cycle, thus treating this important subject from a unique perspective.

Mechanical design includes an optimization process in which designers always consider objectives such as strength, deflection, weight, wear, corrosion, etc. depending on the requirements. However, design optimization for a complete mechanical assembly leads to a complicated objective function with a large number of design variables. It is a good practice to apply optimization techniques for individual components or intermediate assemblies than a complete assembly. Analytical or numerical methods for calculating the extreme values of a function may perform well in many practical cases, but may fail in more complex design situations. In real design problems, the number of design parameters can be very large and their influence on the value to be optimized (the goal function) can be very complicated, having nonlinear character. In these complex cases, advanced optimization algorithms offer solutions to the problems, because they find a solution near to the global optimum within reasonable time and computational costs.

"Mechanical Design Optimization Using Advanced Optimization Techniques" presents a comprehensive review on latest research and development trends for design optimization of mechanical elements and devices. Using examples of various mechanical elements and devices, the possibilities for design optimization with advanced optimization techniques are demonstrated. Basic and advanced concepts of traditional and advanced optimization techniques are presented, along with real case studies, results of applications of the proposed techniques, and the best optimization strategies to achieve best performance are highlighted. Furthermore, a novel advanced optimization method named teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) is presented in this book and this method shows better performance with less computational effort for the large scale problems.

"Mechanical Design Optimization Using Advanced Optimization Techniques" is intended for designers, practitioners, managers, institutes involved in design related projects, applied research workers, academics, and graduate students in mechanical and industrial engineering and will be useful to the industrial product designers for realizing a product as it presents new models and optimization techniques to make tasks easier, logical, efficient and effective.

Environmental Design is becoming an increasingly significant agenda for many manufacturing companies and yet there is no standard to their approaches, strategies or their levels of execution. Applying Design for Environment (DfE) methodologies to develop a more sustainable supply chain has formed procedures and techniques which allow designers to integrate these methods with environmental supply chain management. Design for Environment as a Tool for the Development of a Sustainable Supply Chain aims to define relevant target specifications for a product throughout its life cycle; from conception and design to the end of its operating life. Be considering this new approach to the supply chain, environmental responsiveness can work in tandem with sounds business management. The usual focus on suppliers, manufacturers and customers is expanded in Design for Environment as a Tool for the Development of a Sustainable Supply Chain to include stakeholders such as government bodies and recycling companies. The influence of these additional groups is analyzed alongside concepts such as: Product life cycle development aimed at environmental impact minimization; Supplier selection and management based on environmental criteria; and Marketing and communication choices which increase the value of environmentally sensitive products. By including several case studies alongside theoretical topics, Design for Environment as a Tool for the Development of a Sustainable Supply Chains acts as a foundation for professionals across the supply chain, from industrial designers to marketing and sales departments, who are involved in environmental issues.

"Engineering Design and Rapid Prototyping" offers insight into the methods and techniques that allow for easily implementing engineering designs by incorporating advanced methodologies and technologies. This book contains advanced topics such as feature-based design and process planning, modularity and rapid manufacturing, along with a collection of the latest methods and technologies currently being utilized in the field. The volume also: -Provides axiomatic design and solution methodologies for both design and manufacturing -Discusses product life cycle development and analysis for ease of manufacture and assembly -Offers applied methods and technologies in rapid prototyping, tooling and manufacturing "Engineering Design and Rapid Prototyping" will be extremely valuable for any engineers and researchers and students working in engineering design.

Journal bearings, which are used in all kinds of rotating machinery, do not only support static loads, such as the weight of rotors and load caused by transmitted torque of reduction gears, but are, in addition almost the only machine element that is able to suppress various exciting forces acting on the rotating shaft. As rotating machines have become large and multi-staged, while compactness, high speed, and high output have also been realized in recent years, not only has the bearing load increased, but also the magnitude and variety of exciting forces. Therefore, the role and importance of journal bearings have increased tremendous ly. In particular, for the design of rotating machines with low vibration levels and high reliability, knowledge of the exact characteristic data of bearings, and especial ly of the stiffness or spring coefficients and the damping coefficients of oil films in bearings, is essential. However, the amount of reliable data now applicable to practical design is limited. Through the activity of the Research Subcommittee on Dynamic Charac teristics of Journal Bearings and Their Applications (designated as PSC 28), estab lished and organized in June 1979 through May 1982 within the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME), these coefficients, together with static characteris tics, have been calculated and also measured on a number of new test rigs.

The book provides a snapshot of a hot topic - the systemic nature of innovation and its relevance to design - with a trifold perspective: the academic level - the literature on innovation studies and design is often neglected and a clear connection between the two topics taken for granted; the research level - collaborative models are currently considered great opportunities for transforming consumption, production and distribution of goods, but a clear scholarly discourse is still forming; the political level - the European Commission and the OECD are devoting much effort to understanding and measuring the impact of design in innovation processes and firms and a clear contribution would greatly support this path. Thus the book provides an informed, historical and nuanced perspective to the relationship between design and innovation to contribute to all three levels and to propose a point of view that goes beyond aesthetics and meanings.

In the last decade the research in signal analysis was dominated by models that encompass nonstationarity as an important feature. This book presents the results of a workshop held in Grodek Polandin February 2013 which was dedicated to the investigation of cyclostationary signals. Its main objective is to highlight the strong interactions between theory and applications of cyclostationary signals with the use of modern statistical tools.

An important application of cyclostationary signals is the analysis of mechanical signals generated by a vibrating mechanism. Cyclostationary models are very important to perform basic operations on signals in both time and frequency domains. One of the fundamental problems in diagnosis of rotating machine is the identification of significant modulating frequencies that contribute to the cyclostationary nature of the signals. The book shows that there are modern tools available for analyzing cyclostationary signals without the assumption of gaussianity. Those methods are based on the ideas of bootstrap, subsampling and Fraction-of-time (FOT) models. The book is organised in two parts. The first part will be dedicated to pure theory on cyclostationarity. Applications are presented in the second part including several mechanical systems such as bearings, gears, with or without damages."

Over the last few decades, there have been dramatic improvements in the understanding and research of environmental design. Numerous methods have been developed to enhance architectural design in order for it to be more energy efficient, sustainable and health enhancing.

This book presents several theories and techniques that can be used to improve how buildings are engineered and designed in order to utilize more sustainable construction methods while promoting the health of the building's occupants.

Contributions to the study of environmental design have come from a diversity of fields including applied mathematics, optimization, computer science, medical research, psychology, management science, architecture, and engineering. The techniques developed in these areas of research can be used to increase building performance, occupant satisfaction, productivity, and well being, and reducing the incidence of health conditions and chronic diseases related to the use of a designed space.

This book provides architectural practitioners, civil engineers as well as other interdisciplinary researchers with the techniques needed to design, implement, and test for sustainability and health promotion in new or existing structures.

This volume contains the contributions to the 10th International Workshop on Railway Noise, held October 18-22, 2010, in Nagahama, Japan, organized by the Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI), Japan. With 11 sessions and 3 poster sessions, the workshop featured presentations by international leaders in the field of railway noise and vibration. All subjects relating to 1. prospects, legal regulation, and perception; 2. wheel and rail noise; 3. structure-borne noise and squeal noise; 4. ground-borne vibration; 5. aerodynamic noise and micro-pressure waves from tunnel portals; 6. interior noise and sound barriers; and 7. prediction, measurements, and monitoring are addressed here. This book is a useful "state-of-the-art" reference for scientists and engineers involved in solving environmental problems of railways.

This innovative approach to teaching the finite element method blends theoretical, textbook-based learning with practical application using online and video resources. This hybrid teaching package features computational software such as MATLAB (R), and tutorials presenting software applications such as PTC Creo Parametric, ANSYS APDL, ANSYS Workbench and SolidWorks, complete with detailed annotations and instructions so students can confidently develop hands-on experience. Suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate level classes, students will transition seamlessly between mathematical models and practical commercial software problems, empowering them to advance from basic differential equations to industry-standard modelling and analysis. Complete with over 120 end-of chapter problems and over 200 illustrations, this accessible reference will equip students with the tools they need to succeed in the workplace.

Plate structures are used in almost every area of engineering, including aerospace and naval architecture, civil engineering, and electronics. These structures have diverse geometries and have to withstand a wide range of loading conditions. This book provides the theoretical foundations of the theories of plates manufactured from various materials, outlines and illustrates the methods used for the analysis of these structures, and emphasizes designs and solution techniques available to an engineer. The book is written for engineers working in industry, graduate students at aerospace, mechanical, civil engineering and naval architecture departments, and investigators interested in the development of the theory of plates and related subjects. While the mathematical modeling employed in the book is understandable to both engineers and graduate students, the book also provides insight into relevant phenomena and theories underlying plate structures. Thus, the reader is equipped with a thorough understanding of the problems and appropriate assumptions, even if the analysis is conducted using commercially available software codes. In addition, the book includes numerous analytical solutions that can confidently be used in the design of plate structures. The combination of theoretical insight and references to practical problems makes the book equally attractive to academia and industry.

As the main theme of Improving Complex Systems Today implies, this book is intended to provide readers with a new perspective on concurrent engineering from the standpoint of systems engineering. It can serve as a versatile tool to help readers to navigate the ever-changing state of this particular field. The primary focus of concurrent engineering was, at first, on bringing downstream information as far upstream as possible by introducing parallel processing in order to reduce time to market and to prevent errors at a later stage which would sometimes cause irrevocable damage. Up to now, numerous new concepts, methodologies and tools have been developed, but over concurrent engineering's 20-year history the situation has changed extensively. Now, industry has to work in the global marketplace and to cope with diversifying requirements and increasing complexities. Such globalization and diversification necessitate collaboration across different fields and across national boundaries. Thus, the new concurrent engineering calls for a systems approach to gain global market competitiveness. Improving Complex Systems Today provides a new insight into concurrent engineering today.

The possible use of adhesives in a new design should always be considered because of the economic and technical benefits thatthey can confer. Light, stiff and economic structures, free of the blemishes caused by conventional assembly methods, can be fabricated from a variety of materials in combinations which would otherwise be hard to achieve. Similarly, mechanisms may be built up using bonding techniques which are free of the costs and stresses implicit in press fitting. Adhesives are not a panacea, but they do have a great deal to offer as is shown by the vital role they play in modern production engineering. Yet, despite this, they are not generally regarded with enthusiasm by engineers and designers. The reason for this is not hard to find. There are so many adhesives with such diverse properties that, in the absence of a unifying science which can explain not only why adhesives stick but why they behave as they do, a very strong incentive is required to guarantee perseverance. In addition, although the polymeric structures of adhesives are well understood, this knowledge is usually of little help to the engineer who is used to dealing in precise terms and may be readily put off by a subject which he tends to regard as being arcane and wooly.

In the field of plastics technology, the process of extrusion is widespread and important. It is employed in the compounding and pelletising of plastics materials, in their conversion into products (such as profiles, pipe, hose, sheet, film or bottles) and in the coating of wires, cables, paper, board or foil. A major reason for its use is the screw extruder's ability to melt efficiently and pump continuously large amounts of plastics materials. The understanding of the melting/pumping operation of the extruder and the development of larger and faster-running machines so as to give higher outputs have been given great attention and the results have been widely published. However, the whole manufacturing technology for extruded products has also developed, particularly in recent years. This has occurred not only by the use of modern screw extruders, but also by the incorporation of improved process control systems, the better design of dies and extrudate handling machinery and by the utilisation of improved plastics materials and additives. It is the purpose of this book to present selected topics which contribute to, or exemplify, these developments in extrusion-based processes.

During the period 1982-1985, six books of the series: Scientific Fun damentals of Robotics were published by Springer-Verlag. In chronolo gical order these were: Dynamics of Manipulation Robots: Theory and Application, by M. Vukobra tovic and V. Potkonjak, Control of Manipulation Robots: Theory and Ap plication, by M. vukobratovic and D. Stokic, Kinematics and Trajectory Synthesis of Manipulation Robots, by M. Vukobratovic and H. Kircanski, Real-Time Dynamics of Hanipulation Robots by M. Vukobratovic and N. Kircanski, Non-Adaptive and Adaptive Control of Manipulation Robots, by M. Vukobratovic, D. Stokic and N. Kircanski and Computer-Aided De sign and Applied Dynamics of Manipulation Robots, by M. Vukobratovic and V. Potkonjak. Within the series, during 1989, two monographs dealing with new sub jects will be published. So far, amongst the published monographs, Vol. 1 has been translated into Japanese, Volumes 2 and 5 into Russian, and Volumes 1-6 will appear in Chinese and Hungarian. In the author's opinion, the afore mentioned monographs, in principle, cover with sufficient breadth, the topics devoted to the design of ro bots and their control systems, at the level of post-graduate study in robotics. However, if this material was also to apply to the study of robotics at under-graduate level, it would have to be modified so as to obtain the character of a textbook. With this in mind, it must be noted that the subject matter contained in the text cannot be simpli fied but can only be elaborated in more detail."