This book describes new thinking and practice in Advanced Design (ADD) - design that is not merely highly developed but anticipates the future by envisioning novel products and processes. The focus is especially on the front end of innovation and the search for solutions in complex pioneering processes using design-related tools and practices. The book opens by describing these tools, the approaches that characterize ADD and its historical dimension. Specific fields in which ADD has flourished are then examined, exploring the dynamics between research and design. The coverage ranges from transportation, lighting and electrical appliances through to business networks, technology parks and the development of ground-breaking materials. Advance Design is the name of the research group at the Politecnico di Milano (Italy's largest technical university) of which the authors are members. It was chosen to reflect both the "advanced", tangible dimension of design in terms of modern product development, materials and technologies and an orientation toward radical innovation through user involvement and imagination.

Systems engineering is a mandatory approach in some industries, and is gaining wider acceptance for complex projects in general. However, under the imperative of delivering these projects on time and within budget, the focus has been mainly on the management aspects, with less attention to improving the core engineering activity - design. This book addresses the application of the system concept to design in several ways: by developing a deeper understanding of the system concept, by defining design and its characteristics within the process of engineering, and by applying the system concept to the early stage of design, where it has the greatest impact. A central theme of the book is that the purpose of engineering is to be useful in meeting the needs of society, and that therefore the ultimate measure of the benefit of applying the system concept should be the extent to which it advances the achievement of that purpose. Consequently, any consistent, top-down development of the functionality required of a solution to the problem of meeting a defined need must proceed from such a measure, and it is agued that a generalised form of Return on Investment is an appropriate measure. A theoretical framework for the development of functionality based on this measure and utilising the system concept is presented, together with some examples and practical guidelines.

This volume contains the contributions to the 10th International Workshop on Railway Noise, held October 18-22, 2010, in Nagahama, Japan, organized by the Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI), Japan. With 11 sessions and 3 poster sessions, the workshop featured presentations by international leaders in the field of railway noise and vibration. All subjects relating to 1. prospects, legal regulation, and perception; 2. wheel and rail noise; 3. structure-borne noise and squeal noise; 4. ground-borne vibration; 5. aerodynamic noise and micro-pressure waves from tunnel portals; 6. interior noise and sound barriers; and 7. prediction, measurements, and monitoring are addressed here. This book is a useful "state-of-the-art" reference for scientists and engineers involved in solving environmental problems of railways.

Plate structures are used in almost every area of engineering, including aerospace and naval architecture, civil engineering, and electronics. These structures have diverse geometries and have to withstand a wide range of loading conditions. This book provides the theoretical foundations of the theories of plates manufactured from various materials, outlines and illustrates the methods used for the analysis of these structures, and emphasizes designs and solution techniques available to an engineer. The book is written for engineers working in industry, graduate students at aerospace, mechanical, civil engineering and naval architecture departments, and investigators interested in the development of the theory of plates and related subjects. While the mathematical modeling employed in the book is understandable to both engineers and graduate students, the book also provides insight into relevant phenomena and theories underlying plate structures. Thus, the reader is equipped with a thorough understanding of the problems and appropriate assumptions, even if the analysis is conducted using commercially available software codes. In addition, the book includes numerous analytical solutions that can confidently be used in the design of plate structures. The combination of theoretical insight and references to practical problems makes the book equally attractive to academia and industry.

"Design Rules for Actuators in Active Mechanical Systems" deals with the formulation of model-based design rules to be used in the conception of optimized mechatronic and adaptronic systems. The book addresses the comparison of different actuator classes for given applications and offers answers to the following questions: What is the relationship between actuator geometry and primary output quantities? How scalable are actuators based on the same principle? How are energetic output quantities (work and power) related to mechanical load and geometry? How should actuators be designed and sized to obtain the best performance for the chosen actuator kind, and for a given application? "Design Rules for Actuators in Active Mechanical Systems" will be of use to industry professionals, such as actuator and machine designers, as well as to researchers and students of mechanical engineering, mechatronics, and electrical engineering.

Design considerations for low-power operations and robustness with respect to variations typically impose contradictory requirements. Low-power design techniques such as voltage scaling, dual-threshold assignment and gate sizing can have large negative impact on parametric yield under process variations. This book focuses on circuit/architectural design techniques for achieving low power operation under parameter variations. We consider both logic and memory design aspects and cover modeling and analysis, as well as design methodology to achieve simultaneously low power and variation tolerance, while minimizing design overhead. This book will discuss current industrial practices and emerging challenges at future technology nodes.

As the main theme of Improving Complex Systems Today implies, this book is intended to provide readers with a new perspective on concurrent engineering from the standpoint of systems engineering. It can serve as a versatile tool to help readers to navigate the ever-changing state of this particular field. The primary focus of concurrent engineering was, at first, on bringing downstream information as far upstream as possible by introducing parallel processing in order to reduce time to market and to prevent errors at a later stage which would sometimes cause irrevocable damage. Up to now, numerous new concepts, methodologies and tools have been developed, but over concurrent engineering's 20-year history the situation has changed extensively. Now, industry has to work in the global marketplace and to cope with diversifying requirements and increasing complexities. Such globalization and diversification necessitate collaboration across different fields and across national boundaries. Thus, the new concurrent engineering calls for a systems approach to gain global market competitiveness. Improving Complex Systems Today provides a new insight into concurrent engineering today.

In an age of increasing complexity, diversification and change, customers expect services that cater to their needs and to their tastes. Emotional Engineering vol 2. describes how their expectations can be satisfied and managed throughout the product life cycle, if producers focus their attention more on emotion. Emotional engineering provides the means to integrate products to create a new social framework and develops services beyond product realization to create of value across a full lifetime. 14 chapters cover a wide range of topics that can be applied to product, process and industry development, with special attention paid to the increasing importance of sensing in the age of extensive and frequent changes, including: Multisensory stimulation and user experience Physiological measurement Tactile sensation Emotional quality management Mental model Kansei engineering. Emotional Engineering vol 2 builds on Dr Fukuda's previous book, Emotional Engineering, and provides readers with a holistic view of its research and applications, enabling them to make strategic decisions on how they can go further beyond product realization. It is recommended for all pioneers in industry, academia and government, who are making tremendous efforts to work with their customers to create value.

The possible use of adhesives in a new design should always be considered because of the economic and technical benefits thatthey can confer. Light, stiff and economic structures, free of the blemishes caused by conventional assembly methods, can be fabricated from a variety of materials in combinations which would otherwise be hard to achieve. Similarly, mechanisms may be built up using bonding techniques which are free of the costs and stresses implicit in press fitting. Adhesives are not a panacea, but they do have a great deal to offer as is shown by the vital role they play in modern production engineering. Yet, despite this, they are not generally regarded with enthusiasm by engineers and designers. The reason for this is not hard to find. There are so many adhesives with such diverse properties that, in the absence of a unifying science which can explain not only why adhesives stick but why they behave as they do, a very strong incentive is required to guarantee perseverance. In addition, although the polymeric structures of adhesives are well understood, this knowledge is usually of little help to the engineer who is used to dealing in precise terms and may be readily put off by a subject which he tends to regard as being arcane and wooly.

During the period 1982-1985, six books of the series: Scientific Fun damentals of Robotics were published by Springer-Verlag. In chronolo gical order these were: Dynamics of Manipulation Robots: Theory and Application, by M. Vukobra tovic and V. Potkonjak, Control of Manipulation Robots: Theory and Ap plication, by M. vukobratovic and D. Stokic, Kinematics and Trajectory Synthesis of Manipulation Robots, by M. Vukobratovic and H. Kircanski, Real-Time Dynamics of Hanipulation Robots by M. Vukobratovic and N. Kircanski, Non-Adaptive and Adaptive Control of Manipulation Robots, by M. Vukobratovic, D. Stokic and N. Kircanski and Computer-Aided De sign and Applied Dynamics of Manipulation Robots, by M. Vukobratovic and V. Potkonjak. Within the series, during 1989, two monographs dealing with new sub jects will be published. So far, amongst the published monographs, Vol. 1 has been translated into Japanese, Volumes 2 and 5 into Russian, and Volumes 1-6 will appear in Chinese and Hungarian. In the author's opinion, the afore mentioned monographs, in principle, cover with sufficient breadth, the topics devoted to the design of ro bots and their control systems, at the level of post-graduate study in robotics. However, if this material was also to apply to the study of robotics at under-graduate level, it would have to be modified so as to obtain the character of a textbook. With this in mind, it must be noted that the subject matter contained in the text cannot be simpli fied but can only be elaborated in more detail."

In the field of plastics technology, the process of extrusion is widespread and important. It is employed in the compounding and pelletising of plastics materials, in their conversion into products (such as profiles, pipe, hose, sheet, film or bottles) and in the coating of wires, cables, paper, board or foil. A major reason for its use is the screw extruder's ability to melt efficiently and pump continuously large amounts of plastics materials. The understanding of the melting/pumping operation of the extruder and the development of larger and faster-running machines so as to give higher outputs have been given great attention and the results have been widely published. However, the whole manufacturing technology for extruded products has also developed, particularly in recent years. This has occurred not only by the use of modern screw extruders, but also by the incorporation of improved process control systems, the better design of dies and extrudate handling machinery and by the utilisation of improved plastics materials and additives. It is the purpose of this book to present selected topics which contribute to, or exemplify, these developments in extrusion-based processes.

In recent years, interest in the technology of gas cleaning has grown, driven partly by environmental legislation, but also by demands for increases in process efficiency and intensity - notable for power generation and waste incineration. This book, which leads on from our successful Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures, describes the present state of the art and its industrial applications.

"Engineering Design and Rapid Prototyping" offers insight into the methods and techniques that allow for easily implementing engineering designs by incorporating advanced methodologies and technologies. This book contains advanced topics such as feature-based design and process planning, modularity and rapid manufacturing, along with a collection of the latest methods and technologies currently being utilized in the field. The volume also: -Provides axiomatic design and solution methodologies for both design and manufacturing -Discusses product life cycle development and analysis for ease of manufacture and assembly -Offers applied methods and technologies in rapid prototyping, tooling and manufacturing "Engineering Design and Rapid Prototyping" will be extremely valuable for any engineers and researchers and students working in engineering design.

This international technology assessment study has focused on the emerging global trend toward the miniaturization of manufacturing processes, equipment and systems for microscale components and products. The study has investigated both the state-of-the-art as well as emerging technologies from the scientific, technological, and commercialization perspectives across key industrial sectors in the USA, Asia and Europe.

Journal bearings, which are used in all kinds of rotating machinery, do not only support static loads, such as the weight of rotors and load caused by transmitted torque of reduction gears, but are, in addition almost the only machine element that is able to suppress various exciting forces acting on the rotating shaft. As rotating machines have become large and multi-staged, while compactness, high speed, and high output have also been realized in recent years, not only has the bearing load increased, but also the magnitude and variety of exciting forces. Therefore, the role and importance of journal bearings have increased tremendous ly. In particular, for the design of rotating machines with low vibration levels and high reliability, knowledge of the exact characteristic data of bearings, and especial ly of the stiffness or spring coefficients and the damping coefficients of oil films in bearings, is essential. However, the amount of reliable data now applicable to practical design is limited. Through the activity of the Research Subcommittee on Dynamic Charac teristics of Journal Bearings and Their Applications (designated as PSC 28), estab lished and organized in June 1979 through May 1982 within the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME), these coefficients, together with static characteris tics, have been calculated and also measured on a number of new test rigs.

This text on numerical methods applied to the analysis of electromagnetic nondestructive testing (NOT) phenomena is the first in a series devoted to all aspects of engineering nondestructive evaluation. The timing of this series is most appropriate as many university engineering/physics faculties around the world, recognizing the industrial significance of the subject, are organizing new courses and programs with engineering NOE as a theme. Additional texts in the series will cover electromagnetics for engineering NOE, microwave NOT methods, ultrasonic testing, radiographic methods and signal processing for NOE. It is the intended purpose of the series to provide senior-graduate level coverage of the material suitable for university curricula and to be generally useful to those in industry with engineering degrees who wish to upgrade their NOE skills beyond those needed for certification. This dual purpose for the series reflects the very applied nature of NOE and the need to develop suitable texts capable of bridging the gap between research laboratory studies of NOE phenomena and the real world of certification and industrial applications. The reader might be tempted to question these assertions in light of the rather mathematical nature of this first text. However, the subject of numerical modeling is of critical importance to a thorough understanding of the field-defect interactions at the heart of all electromagnetic NOT phenomena.

Safety and Risk Modeling presents the latest theories and methods of safety and risk with an emphasis on safety and risk in modeling. It covers applications in several areas including transportations and security risk assessments, as well as applications related to current topics in safety and risk. Safety and Risk Modeling is a valuable resource for understanding the latest developments in both qualitative and quantitative methods of safety and risk analysis and their applications in operating environments. Each chapter has been written by active researchers or experienced practitioners to bridge the gap between theory and practice and to trigger new research challenges in safety and risk. Topics include: safety engineering, system maintenance, safety in design, failure analysis, and risk concept and modelling. Postgraduate students, researchers, and practitioners in many fields of engineering, operations research, management, and statistics will find Safety and Risk Modeling a state-of-the-art survey of reliability and quality in design and practice.

Managing the Dynamics of New-Product Development Processes merges product-based planning, process modelling, process execution, probabilistic simulations, and simulation based decision-making into one framework called the Dynamic new-Product Development Process. It provides readers with a means of improving the management of product development through enhanced methods and tools that are specifically tailored to the characteristics and challenges of such processes. It calls for a new Product Lifecycle Management paradigm of utilizing the managed product data for management of the product's development process. Within the framework, the methods used are enhanced or modified to fit the new-product development process requirements. Each specific method is exhaustively analyzed, from the basic definition of terms through a description of the state of the art of that topic and its limitations. Then, the method enhancements are illustrated by many examples, and discussed while suggesting further research directions. Finally, the enhanced methods are integrated and demonstrated by a test case. The main two methods described are the design structure matrix (DSM) and Petri nets, which are merged into a novel concept entitled DSM nets. Managing the Dynamics of New Product Development Processes provides algorithms, proofs, and practical examples that can be used for general study of the issues concerned. The main concepts presented are applicable to systems engineering and can be used by practitioners of product development processes, such as designers, product managers, and process managers, as well as developers of process management tools for systems with dynamically changing process structures.

Crandall's Power Supply Testing Handbook comes into the marketplace at an optimum time. Now, more than ever, there is an urgency for a comprehensive handbook on power supply testing that will fulfill the reference needs of the wide variety of professionals testing power supplies, including designers, manufacturers, purchasers, and field service organizations.

There is an ever-increasing need for designers to create products that are genuinely inclusive of members of society with special needs. The population is growing older and legislative demands on industry to provide equal access for all are growing ever more stringent. Several research disciplines are working to find solutions to the problem of how to develop more inclusive products and the aim of Universal Access and Assistive Technology is to bring experiences from these different perspectives into a single reference. This book contains the proceedings of the first Cambridge Workshop on Universal Access and Assistive Technology (CWUAAT), incorporating the fourth Cambridge Workshop on Rehabilitation Robotics, held in Cambridge, England in March 2002. This book contains contributions from an international group of leading researchers in the fields of Universal Access and Assistive Technology. Contributions include papers on design, robotics and computer access, as well as the experiences of industry.It is composed of three parts containing material on: * design issues for universal access and assistive technology; * enabling computer access and new technologies; * assistive technology and rehabilitation robotics. Reflecting the spirit of recent moves to extend rights to universal accessibility, this series of workshops and accompanying books is aimed at a broad range of interests, with a general focus on the development of products and solutions. Numerous case studies are used to raise awareness of the challenges faced in developing truly inclusive products, along with examples of good practice.

The field of "microelectromechanical systems," or "MEMS," has gradually evolved from a "discipline" populated by a small group of researchers to an "enabling technology" supporting a variety of products in such diverse areas as mechanical and inertial sensors, optical projection displays, telecommunications equipment, and biology and medicine. Critical to the success of these products is the ability to design them, and this invariably involves detailed modeling of proposed designs. Over the past twenty years, such modeling has become increasingly sophisticated, with full suites of MEMS-oriented computer-aided-design tools now available worldwide. But there is another equally important side to the design process In my own book, Microsystem figuring out what to build in the first place. Design, I chose to emphasize the modeling aspect of design. The task of figuring out what to build was defined by a vague step called "creative thinking." I used practical product examples to illustrate the many subtle characteristics of successful designs, but I made no attempt to systematize the generation ofdesign proposals or optimized designs. That systemization is called "synthesis," which is the subjectofthis book."

This book presents the processing of the third edition of the Condition Monitoring of Machinery in Non-Stationary Operations (CMMNO13), which was held in Ferrara, Italy. This yearly event merges an international community of researchers who met - in 2011 in Wroclaw (Poland) and in 2012 in Hammamet (Tunisia) - to discuss issues of diagnostics of rotating machines operating in complex motion and/or load conditions. The growing interest of the industrial world on the topics covered by the CMMNO13 involves the fields of packaging, automotive, agricultural, mining, processing and wind machines in addition to that of the systems for data acquisition. The participation of speakers and visitors from industry makes the event an opportunity for immediate assessment of the potential applications of advanced methodologies for the signal analysis. Signals acquired from machines often contain contributions from several different components as well as noise. Therefore, the major challenge of condition monitoring is to point out the signal content that is related to the state of the monitored component particularly in non-stationary conditions.

Engineering Applications of Residual Stress represents one of eight volumes of technical papers presented at the Society for Experimental Mechanics Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, held at Uncasville, Connecticut, June 13-16, 2011. The full set of proceedings also includes volumes on Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials and Processes in Conventional and Multifunctional Materials, MEMS and Nanotechnology; Optical Measurements, Modeling and, Metrology; Experimental and Applied Mechanics, and Thermomechanics and Infra-Red Imaging.

Functional verification is an art as much as a science. It requires not only creativity and cunning, but also a clear methodology to approach the problem. The Open Verification Methodology (OVM) is a leading-edge methodology for verifying designs at multiple levels of abstraction. It brings together ideas from electrical, systems, and software engineering to provide a complete methodology for verifying large scale System-on-Chip (SoC) designs. OVM defines an approach for developing testbench architectures so they are modular, configurable, and reusable. This book is designed to help both novice and experienced verification engineers master the OVM through extensive examples. It describes basic verification principles and explains the essentials of transaction-level modeling (TLM). It leads readers from a simple connection of a producer and a consumer through complete self-checking testbenches. It explains construction techniques for building configurable, reusable testbench components and how to use TLM to communicate between them. Elements such as agents and sequences are explained in detail.