Die Suider-Afrikaanse subkontinent is besonder ryk aan inheemse boomspesies (sowat 2100) wat in grootte wissel van struikagtiges tot oeroue, hooggroeiende reuse. Baie van die boomspesies en die natuurlike omgewing waarin hulle voorkom, is al deeglik bestudeer en gedokumenteer in bele algemene beskikbare publikasies. Inligting oor hulle hour is egter beperk en nie maklik toeganklik vir die algemene publiek nie. Hierdie boek bevat inligting oor die hourkenmerke en houteienskappe van 140 Suider-Afrikaanse houtsoorte (134 inheemse en ses uitheemse spesies).

'Machine Woodworking' provides students with all the basic information needed to reach NVQ level II in wood machining. It covers calculations, timber science, and all the relevant machines, and is completed by five simple workshop projects which can be used to practice and test the necessary skills. The use of each machine is explained, with ample diagrams and photographs where appropriate, and each section is rounded off with the relevant regulations and additional multiple-choice questions to test understanding.

This work discusses the latest innovations in the manufacture of wood adhesives, and shows how to test their composition. Methods of varying parameters to obtain particular effects are explained, and background summaries of each class of adhesives are provided.

"Wood Preservation" is a standard reference book on the subject. This new edition covers the most important developments over the last 15 years, prompted by new research, economic and technical changes and the increasing awareness of potential hazards to health and the environment. The book is divided into 5 chapters: preservation technology; wood degradation; preservation systems; preservation chemicals and practical conservation, with separate appendices dealing with the selection of a preservation system, wood borers, and wood destroying fungi. The book is suitable for use as an introduction to wood preservation technology but will also be a resource for professionals who are either already involved in the wood preservation industry or who work with preserved wood.

This book covers the production, management and changing patterns of global wood and fiber resources, with emphasis on the inter-disciplinary character of wood and related plant materials in terms of their resource value.

Wood has played a major role throughout human history. Strong and versatile, the earliest humans used wood to make shelters, cook food, construct tools, build boats, and make weapons. Recently, scientists, politicians, and economists have renewed their interest in wood because of its unique properties, aesthetics, availability, abundance, and perhaps most important of all, its renewability. However, wood will not reach its highest use potential until we fully describe it, understand the mechanisms that control its performance properties, and, finally, are able to manipulate those properties to give us the desired performance we seek. The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites analyzes the chemical composition and physical properties of wood cellulose and its response to natural processes of degradation. It describes safe and effective chemical modifications to strengthen wood against biological, chemical, and mechanical degradation without using toxic, leachable, or corrosive chemicals. Expert researchers provide insightful analyses of the types of chemical modifications applied to polymer cell walls in wood. They emphasize the mechanisms of reaction involved and resulting changes in performance properties including modifications that increase water repellency, fire retardancy, and resistance to ultraviolet light, heat, moisture, mold, and other biological organisms. The text also explores modifications that increase mechanical strength, such as lumen fill, monomer polymer penetration, and plasticization. The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites concludes with the latest applications, such as adhesives, geotextiles, and sorbents, and future trends in the use of wood-based composites in terms of sustainable agriculture, biodegradability and recycling, and economics. Incorporating decades of teaching experience, the editor of this handbook is well-attuned to educational demands as well as industry standards and research trends.

Wood has played a major role throughout human history. Strong and versatile, the earliest humans used wood to make shelters, cook food, construct tools, build boats, and make weapons. Recently, scientists, politicians, and economists have renewed their interest in wood because of its unique properties, aesthetics, availability, abundance, and perhaps most important of all, its renewability. However, wood will not reach its highest use potential until we fully describe it, understand the mechanisms that control its performance properties, and, finally, are able to manipulate those properties to give us the desired performance we seek.

The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites analyzes the chemical composition and physical properties of wood cellulose and its response to natural processes of degradation. It describes safe and effective chemical modifications to strengthen wood against biological, chemical, and mechanical degradation without using toxic, leachable, or corrosive chemicals. Expert researchers provide insightful analyses of the types of chemical modifications applied to polymer cell walls in wood. They emphasize the mechanisms of reaction involved and resulting changes in performance properties including modifications that increase water repellency, fire retardancy, and resistance to ultraviolet light, heat, moisture, mold, and other biological organisms. The text also explores modifications that increase mechanical strength, such as lumen fill, monomer polymer penetration, and plasticization.

The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites concludes with the latest applications, such as adhesives, geotextiles, and sorbents, and future trends in the use of wood-based composites in terms of sustainable agriculture, biodegradability and recycling, and economics. Incorporating decades of teaching experience, the editor of this handbook is well-attuned to educational demands as well as industry standards and research trends.

The new edition of this comprehensive study of national and international research and application into wood preservation is both well detailed and broad in coverage. The text covers the history of preservation: the anatomy of timbers and their breakdown, preservation principles, materials and methods.

This book discusses conventional as well as unconventional wood drying technologies. It covers fundamental thermophysical and energetic aspects and integrates two complex thermodynamic systems, conventional kilns and heat pumps, aimed at improving the energy performance of dryers and the final quality of dried lumber. It discusses advanced components, kiln energy requirements, modeling, and software and emphasizes dryer/heat pump optimum coupling, control, and energy efficiency. Problems are included in most chapters as practical, numerical examples for process and system/components calculation and design. The book presents promising advancements and R&D challenges and future requirements.

Clawson explores the issues related to timber management with a particular focus on the harvesting of timber stands in Decision Making in Timber Production, Harvest and Marketing. Originally published in 1977, her study considers biological, economic and management implications of timber growing as well as the decision-making process in U.S forest Situations including methods of analysis. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental studies and professionals.

This volume emphasizes the growing need for wood products with advanced engineering properties. It details the fundamental principles of cellulose technology and presents current techniques to modifying the basic chemistry of lignocellulosic materials. The work: discusses the cost-efficient use of cellulose derivatives in a variety of commodities; highlights the chemical modification of wood by methods such as etherification, esterification and thermoplasticization; considers recent progress in the lignocellulosic liquefaction of wood; and more.

Clawson explores the issues related to timber management with a particular focus on the harvesting of timber stands in Decision Making in Timber Production, Harvest and Marketing. Originally published in 1977, her study considers biological, economic and management implications of timber growing as well as the decision-making process in U.S forest Situations including methods of analysis. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental studies and professionals.

As a forester interested in economics and policy, Daowei Zhang followed the softwood lumber dispute between the U.S. and Canada for nearly 20 years. Dubbed the 'Softwood Lumber War,' the conflict enveloped politicians and business leaders on both sides of the border and placed strains on the historically close economic and political relations between the two countries. This book is an unprecedentedly detailed evaluation of how the conflict began and how it was sustained for such a long period of time. The book considers the implications that may follow from the 2006 agreement between the nations, and the broader lessons that might be learned about international trade conflicts. The early 1980s was a difficult time for U.S. lumber producers. Finding their domestic market share in decline, they requested restrictions on Canadian lumber imports. Alleging that the Canadian producers were being subsidized, they eventually secured a 15 percent export tax on Canadian lumber in 1986. A long series of trade battles followed against a background of shortages in the U.S. timber supply, changing international markets, and the establishment of the North American Free Trade Agreement and the World Trade Organization. Canada and the United States are the world's largest trading partners, but, as Zhang demonstrates, it is a relationship in which domestic pressure groups, different institutional structures within each government, and differences in the relative economic power of each country remain extremely important determinants of foreign policy. The fact that the softwood lumber dispute has taken so long to resolve-and the prospect that the 2006 agreement has the potential to be undone by continuing litigation and trade friction-raise important questions about international relations in a world that is supposedly moving toward free trade.

As a forester interested in economics and policy, Daowei Zhang followed the softwood lumber dispute between the U.S. and Canada for nearly 20 years. Dubbed the 'Softwood Lumber War,' the conflict enveloped politicians and business leaders on both sides of the border and placed strains on the historically close economic and political relations between the two countries. This book is an unprecedentedly detailed evaluation of how the conflict began and how it was sustained for such a long period of time. The book considers the implications that may follow from the 2006 agreement between the nations, and the broader lessons that might be learned about international trade conflicts. The early 1980s was a difficult time for U.S. lumber producers. Finding their domestic market share in decline, they requested restrictions on Canadian lumber imports. Alleging that the Canadian producers were being subsidized, they eventually secured a 15 percent export tax on Canadian lumber in 1986. A long series of trade battles followed against a background of shortages in the U.S. timber supply, changing international markets, and the establishment of the North American Free Trade Agreement and the World Trade Organization. Canada and the United States are the world's largest trading partners, but, as Zhang demonstrates, it is a relationship in which domestic pressure groups, different institutional structures within each government, and differences in the relative economic power of each country remain extremely important determinants of foreign policy. The fact that the softwood lumber dispute has taken so long to resolve-and the prospect that the 2006 agreement has the potential to be undone by continuing litigation and trade friction-raise important questions about international relations in a world that is supposedly moving toward free trade.

This book provides a comprehensive guide to the various methods by which roundwood and the products of roundwood are measured around the world. It presents and compares many different log scaling methods in terms of procedures and conversion ratios. Topics covered include grading logs, log manufacturing quality, statistical sampling methods and methods for determining log yard inventories and mill log usage volume. Detailed tables of data, covering characteristics, and log weight to volume ratios, are presented for the main commercial timber species of the world. The drivers of roundwood product recovery are also discussed and illustrated with numerous graphs and tables.

With a naked eye or microscope you will be able to identify 180 hardwoods, softwoods amd tropical woods by following the straightforward techniques described in this text.

Guide to the properties and uses of Southern African Wood is a fully illustrated, scientifically accurate guide to the characteristics, properties and uses of wood from 140 Southern African tree species. Species treatments include information on conservation status, uses, mechanical properties, durability, identification features, woodworking properties and comments from wood users on workability. Photographs of tree bark, untreated and treated wood, end-grain macrographs, as well as worked items. Provides information on historical uses, where trees grow, availability and sustainability of the woods and the practicalities of harvesting and processing. Superior quality text and excellent reproduction and printing. The only commercially available book which focuses on the properties of Southern African wood, written in a style that will appeal to a wide audience: professional woodworkers, designers, architects, wood dealers and wood collectors, hobbyists, botanists and anyone interested in trees and wood. A must-have for all who love wood and trees!

Hand Hewn is a fascinating and inspiring tribute to traditional timber framing by one of today's foremost expert architects and practitioners of the craft. In this highly visual book, internationally renowned builder Jack A. Sobon weaves his personal history of learning about the craft with its 2,000-year-long history. Sobon begins with the story of how he fell in love with what was then a little-known building technique and how he eventually became the "Sherlock Holmes" of timber framing. Through evocative text, stunning photography, and hand drawings, Sobon highlights the intimacy of timber framing: its connection to place and to the trees and forest, as well as the honesty and artfulness of the craft, the satisfaction of working with hand tools, and the thoughtful - even spiritual - nature of design. Ultimately, the book reveals how contemporary timber framing offers links to the past, to the natural world, and to the homes and structures that shape our lives.

This handbook provides an overview on wood science and technology of unparalleled comprehensiveness and international validity. It describes the fundamental wood biology, chemistry and physics, as well as structure-property relations of wood and wood-based materials. The different aspects and steps of wood processing are presented in detail from both a fundamental technological perspective and their realisation in industrial contexts. The discussed industrial processes extend beyond sawmilling and the manufacturing of adhesively bonded wood products to the processing of the various wood-based materials, including pulp and paper, natural fibre materials and aspects of bio-refinery. Core concepts of wood applications, quality and life cycle assessment of this important natural resource are presented. The book concludes with a useful compilation of fundamental material parameters and data as well as a glossary of terms in accordance with the most important industry standards. Written and edited by a truly international team of experts from academia, research institutes and industry, thoroughly reviewed by external colleagues, this handbook is well-attuned to educational demands, as well as providing a summary of state-of-the-art research trends and industrial requirements. It is an invaluable resource for all professionals in research and development, and engineers in practise in the field of wood science and technology.

Over the past two decades, there has been a shift in research and industrial practice, and products traditionally manufactured primarily from wood are increasingly combined with other nonwood materials of either natural or synthetic origin. Wood and other plant-based fiber is routinely combined with adhesives, polymers, and other "ingredients" to produce composite materials.

"Introduction to Wood and Natural Fiber Composites" draws together widely scattered information concerning fundamental concepts and technical applications, essential to the manufacture of wood and natural fiber composites. The topics addressed include basic information on the chemical and physical composition of wood and other lignocellulosic materials, the behavior of these materials under thermocompression processes, fundamentals of adhesion, specific adhesive systems used to manufacture composite materials, and an overview of the industrial technologies used to manufacture major product categories. The book concludes with a chapter on the burgeoning field of natural fiber-plastic composites.

"Introduction to Wood and Natural Fiber Composites" is a valuable resource for upper-level undergraduate students and graduate students studying forest products and wood science, as well as for practicing professionals working in operational areas of wood- and natural-fiber processing.

For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs

Topics covered include: Overview of lignocellulosic material, their chemical and physical compositionConsolidation behavior of wood and fiber in response to heat and pressureFundamentals of adhesionAdhesives used to bond wood and lignocellulosic compositesManufacturing technology of major product typesFiber/plastic composites

An in-depth look at the chemistry and chemical technology involved in the manufacture of pulp and paper, the properties of paper, and the uses for paper. This new edition contains contributions by forty recognized authorities in the field. Emphasizes the underlying science and technology and reviews, in detail, chemical and engineering principles. Includes numerous tables, illustrations, and a complete bibliography.

The effective and lasting treatment of wood against insect and fungal attack grows in importance as forestry reserves decline and as cost increases feed through to the building trade and other timber users. At the same time, environmental pressures bear ever more heavily on the types of chemicals and processes employed in the preservation industry. This book records the proceedings of an international meeting arranged to address such issues. The 15 principal chapters are based upon papers by invited experts to a combined audience of preservation practitioners and non-specialists. The chapter sequence follows the logical pattern of the conference, beginning with a review of the biological threats to be contended. There follow historical and state-of-the-art accounts of aqueous, organic solvent and non-liquid treatment processes. Preservatives increasingly must meet international product and environmental standards, which along with the related test, analytical and quality control procedures, are described and referenced. Contributors from the wood preservation industry address a range of needs associated with cost, safety and performance efficacy, not neglecting a search for a better understanding of the finer chemical mechanisms involved. Remaining problems are outlined in strategies for further research and development.
Address a range of needs associated with cost, safety and performance efficacyProblems are outlined in strategies for further research and development

Wood is an ideal building material for sustainable architecture. It grows back and absorbs large quantities of CO2. But where does it actually come from in each case, and how will we make forestry and wood processing fit for the future? In what ways are conventional notions of professions and qualifications in architecture, engineering, and construction tested by using wood as building material? French journalist Michele Leloup together with architect Francois Leclercq - a pioneer of timber construction in France - have for a long time explored the ecological, economic, industrial, and technical challenges of using timber for major structures and urban architecture. This book summarises their findings using examples from the French forestry and construction industry. It also takes a look at Austria and the innovative work by Hermann Kaufmann, an internationally revered leader in the further development of traditional timber architecture. In addition, the book features five projects by Leclercq Associes. Richly and attractively illustrated with new images by French architecture photographer Cyrille Weiner, The Wood That Makes Our Cities offers a concise survey of topical questions and findings in contemporary timber construction.

Other volumes in the latest edition of Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 3rd Ed. Edited by James P. Casey Volume 1 Contents: Cellulose and Hemicellulose (G.D. McGinnis and F. Shafizadeh). Lignin (W.G. Glasser). Pulpwood (W.J. Bublitz). Pulping (J.N. McGovern, W.F. Daniell, et al.). Bleaching (V. Loras). Appendix. Index. 1980 Volume 2 Contents: Fiber Preparation and Approach Flow (J.H. Young). Fiber Bonding (J.V. Robinson). Sheet Formation and Drying (T.N. Kershaw). Nonwovens and Papers from Synthetic Fibers (W.T. Heyse). Synthetic Papers and Pulps (W.H. Hoge). Environmental Control (A.M. Springer). Microbiology (S.J. Buckman). 1980 Volume 4 Contents: Pigment Coating (C.L. Garey). Printing (M.H. Bruno). Reprography (M.A. Nielsen). Laminating (C.U. Turner). Corrugating (A.J. DiDominias). Corrugating (G.H. Klein). Paper Reinforcement by Polymer Addition (J.F. Waterhouse). Paper Laminates (J.L. Robertson). Aqueous and Solvent Coatings (L.J. Carlson). Extrusion and Hot Melt Coatings. 1981

Treen is a lavishly illustrated book which concentrates on pieces related to eating and drinking and celebrates the range and richness of the turner's art from 1600 to 1900. It covers a wide range of objects for everyday and ceremonial use; goblets to nutcrackers, platters to lemon squeezers, mortars to salts, wassail bowls to egg cups. It discusses the work of the 'jobbing' village turner or 'bodger', the skilled craftsman's workshop and the grand Court turner producing complex rose engine turning. It illustrates pieces only to be found in museums and examples you can find today in your local antiques market or fair. Information is given on where treen may be seen and found and there is practical advice on pitfalls for the collector, dating and cleaning, as well as a chapter dealing with surfaces and patina and one asking for readers' help in identifying the purpose of some curious objects. This volume will appeal not only to new collectors seeking guidance and inspiration and antique dealers who may come across treen, but also to experts who can compare the objects in their own collections with those illustrated in this veritable feast of treen.