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Books > Professional & Technical > Industrial chemistry & manufacturing technologies > Timber & wood processing > General
Wood is an ideal building material for sustainable architecture. It
grows back and absorbs large quantities of CO2. But where does it
actually come from in each case, and how will we make forestry and
wood processing fit for the future? In what ways are conventional
notions of professions and qualifications in architecture,
engineering, and construction tested by using wood as building
material? French journalist Michele Leloup together with architect
Francois Leclercq-a pioneer of timber construction in France-have
for a long time explored the ecological, economic, industrial, and
technical challenges of using timber for major structures and urban
architecture. This book summarises their findings using examples
from the French forestry and construction industry. It also takes a
look at Austria and the innovative work by Hermann Kaufmann, an
internationally revered leader in the further development of
traditional timber architecture. In addition, the book features
five projects by Leclercq Associes. Richly and attractively
illustrated with new images by French architecture photographer
Cyrille Weiner, The Wood That Makes Our Cities offers a concise
survey of topical questions and findings in contemporary timber
construction. Text in French.
Wood Chemistry, Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition,
examines the basic principles of wood chemistry and its potential
applications to pulping and papermaking, wood and wood waste
utilization, pulping by-products for production of chemicals and
energy, and biomass conversion.
This authoritative and hugely popular reference book contains
almost 300 colour illustrations showing the natural grain and
colour of wood, along with data that includes distribution,
properties and uses of more than 300 timbers from world-wide
sources.
This comprehensive book describes cork as a natural product, as an
industrial raw-materials, and as a wine bottle closure. From its
formation in the outer bark of the cork oak tree to the properties
that are of relevance to its use, cork is presented and explained
including its physical and mechanical properties.
The industrial processing of cork from post-harvest procedures to
the production of cork agglomerates and composites is described.
Intended as a reference book, this is the ideal compilation of
scientific knowledge on state-of-the-art cork production and use
Key Features:
*Presents comprehensive coverage from cork formation to
post-harvest procedures
*Explains the physical properties, mechanical properties and
quality of cork
*Addresses topics of interest for those in food science,
agriculture and forestry
This book comprehensively covers the different topics of wood
polymer composite materials mainly synthesis methods for the
composite materials, various characterization techniques to study
the superior properties and insights on potential advanced
applications. It also discusses the chemistry, fabrication process,
properties, applications, recycling and life cycle assessment of
wood polymer composites. This is a useful reference source for both
engineers and researchers working in composite materials science as
well as the students attending materials science, physics,
chemistry and engineering courses.
This monograph discusses the various biomass feedstocks currently
available for biofuels production, and mechanical preprocessing
technologies to reduce the feedstock variability for biofuels
applications. Variability in the properties of biomass-in terms of
moisture, particle size distribution, and low-density-results in
storage, transportation, handling, and feeding issues. Currently,
biorefineries face serious particle bridging issues, uneven
discharge, jamming of equipment, and transportation problems. These
issues must be solved in order for smooth operations to be
possible. Mechanical preprocessing technologies, such as size
reduction, densification, and moisture management using drying and
dewatering, can help to overcome these issues. Many densification
systems exist that will assist in converting low-density biomass to
a high-density commodity type feedstock. In 6 chapters, the impact
of densification process variables, such as temperature, pressure,
moisture, etc., on biomass particle agglomeration, the quality of
the densified products, and the overall energy consumption of the
process are discussed, as are the various compression models for
powders that can be used for biomass particles agglomeration
behavior and optimization of the densification process using
statistical and evolutionary methods. The suitability of these
densified products for biochemical and thermochemical conversion
pathways is also discussed, as well as the various international
standards (CEN and ISO) they must adhere to. The author has worked
on biomass preprocessing at Idaho National Laboratory for the last
ten years. He is the principal investigator for the U.S. Department
of Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office-funded "Biomass Size
Reduction and Densification" project. He has developed
preprocessing technologies to reduce cost and improve quality. The
author has published many papers and books focused on biomass
preprocessing and pretreatments. Biomass process engineers and
biorefinery managers can benefit from this book. Students in
chemical, mechanical, biological, and environmental engineering can
also use the book to understand preprocessing technologies, which
greatly assist in improving the biomass critical material
attributes. The book can help policymakers and energy systems
planners to understand the biomass properties limitations and
technologies to overcome the same.
This reference book describes how bioprocessing and biotechnology
could enhance the value extracted from wood-based lignocellulosic
fiber by employing both biochemical and thermochemical conversion
processes. It documents recent accomplishments and suggests future
prospects for research and development of integrated forest
biorefineries (IFBR) as the path forward for the pulp, paper and
other fiber-processing industries. This is the only book to cover
this area of high economic, social, and environmental importance.
It is aimed at industrialists and academics from diverse science
and engineering backgrounds including chemical and biotechnology
companies, governmental and professional bodies, and scholarly
societies. The Editor and contributors are internationally
recognized scientists and many are leaders in their respective
fields. The book starts with an introductory overview of the
current state of biorefining and a justification for future
developments. The next four chapters deal with social, economic and
environmental issues related to regulations, biomass production and
supply, process modelling, and life cycle analysis. Subsequent
chapters focus on the extraction of biochemicals from biomass and
their potential utilization to add value to the IFBR prior to
pulping. The book then presents, compares and evaluates two types
of forest biorefineries based on kraft and organosolv pulping.
Finally, the book assess the potential of waste biomass and
streams, such paper mill sludge and black liquor, to serve as
feedstock for biofuel production and value-added biomaterials
through both the biochemical and thermochemical routes of biomass
bioprocessing. The economics of the described IFBR processes and
products, and their environmental impact, is a major focus in most
of the chapters. Practical examples are presented where relevant
and applicable.
This book provides an overview of eco-friendly resins and their
composite materials covering their synthesis, sources, structures
and properties for different industrial applications to support the
ongoing research and development in eco-friendly and renewable
commercial products. It provides comparative discussions on the
properties of eco-friendly resins with other polymer composites. It
is a useful reference on bio-based eco-friendly polymer resins,
wood-based composites, natural fibers and biomass materials for the
polymer scientists, engineers and material scientists.
Latin America is a megadiverse territory hosting several hotspots
of plant diversity and many types of forest biomes, ecosystems and
climate types, from tropical rainforest to semi-arid woodlands.
This combination of diverse forests and climates generates multiple
responses to ecological changes affecting the structure and
functioning of forest ecosystems. Recently, there have been major
efforts to improve our understanding of such impacts on ecosystems
processes. However, there is a dearth of studies focused on
Latin-American forest ecosystems that could provide novel insights
into the patterns and mechanisms of ecological processes in
response to environmental stress. The abundance of "New World" tree
species with dendrochronological potential constitutes an ideal
opportunity to improve the ecological state of knowledge regarding
these diverse forest types, which are often threatened by several
impacts such as logging or conversion to agricultural lands. Thus,
detailed information on the dendroecology of these species will
improve our understanding of forests in the face of global change.
Accordingly, this book identifies numerous relevant ecological
processes and scales, ranging from tree species to populations and
communities, and from both dendrochronological and dendroecological
perspectives. It offers a valuable reference guide for the
exploration of long-term ecological interactions between trees and
their environmental conditions, and will foster further research
and international projects on the continent and elsewhere.
This book comprehensively covers the different topics of wood
polymer composite materials mainly synthesis methods for the
composite materials, various characterization techniques to study
the superior properties and insights on potential advanced
applications. It also discusses the chemistry, fabrication process,
properties, applications, recycling and life cycle assessment of
wood polymer composites. This is a useful reference source for both
engineers and researchers working in composite materials science as
well as the students attending materials science, physics,
chemistry and engineering courses.
This proceedings volume presents new scientific works of the
research workers and experts from the field of Wood Science &
Fire. It looks into the properties of various tree species across
the continents affecting the fire-technical properties of wood and
wood-based materials, its modifications, fire-retardant methods and
other technological processes that have an impact on wood ignition
and burning. The results of these findings have a direct impact on
Building Construction and Design describing the fire safety of
wooden buildings, mainly large and multi-story ones. The results of
these experiments and findings may be applied, or are directly
implemented into Fire Science, Hazard Control, Building Safety
which makes the application of wood and wood materials in buildings
possible, while maintaining strict fire regulations. One part of
the contributions focuses on the symbiosis of the material and the
fire-fighting technologies. Wood burning has its own specific
features, therefore, the fire protection technologies need to be
updated regularly. It also includes the issue of the intervention
of fire-fighting and rescue teams in the fires of wooden buildings.
Presentations deal with the issue of forest fires influenced by the
climate changes, relief, fuel models based on the type and the age
of the forest stand.
The new edition of this textbook, while largely retaining the
proven chapter structure of the previous editions, combines the
quantitative, mathematical analysis of the mechanisms of wood
processing with practical recommendations and solutions. It
presents new theoretical and experimental approaches and offers a
clear and systematic overview of the theory of wood cutting,
thermal loading in wood-cutting tools, optimum choice of
operational parameters, dynamic behavior of tool and workpiece,
stability problems in wood machining, energy requirements, the wear
process of tools and a unique analysis of surface roughness. In
general, diagrams are provided to help quickly estimate various
process parameters. As a modern and powerful tool, the process
optimization procedure is also included, and amply demonstrated in
worked-out examples. In this edition, new and updated material has
been added in many sections: roughly a third of the book has been
rewritten and a quarter of the figures are new. In addition, many
figures have been revised for clarity. The authors are confident
that this revised and expanded edition will continue to meet the
needs of all those working in the field of wood machining.
This book provides an overview of eco-friendly resins and their
composite materials covering their synthesis, sources, structures
and properties for different industrial applications to support the
ongoing research and development in eco-friendly and renewable
commercial products. It provides comparative discussions on the
properties of eco-friendly resins with other polymer composites. It
is a useful reference on bio-based eco-friendly polymer resins,
wood-based composites, natural fibers and biomass materials for the
polymer scientists, engineers and material scientists.
Since prehistoric times and throughout the course of human
evolution, wood has been an integral part of all civilizations.
Wooden Cultural Heritage can be found worldwide, providing valuable
information on the social and economic context of human history.
Nonetheless, as a natural cellulosic material, wood shows low
resistance to biodeterioration and thus wooden Cultural Heritage
often fails to escape decomposition in both aquatic and terrestrial
ecosystems. This book provides a comprehensive overview on the
biodeterioration of wooden Cultural Heritage and describes the
decay mechanisms of key organisms and microorganisms encountered in
aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Cultural Heritage
professionals, researchers and academics may explore within this
book the associations between deteriogens, habitats and decay,
which will assist them to understand wood biodeterioration and
design effective prevention, mitigation and remediation strategies.
The book presents case studies around the world to demonstrate the
impact of biogenic deterioration on wooden Cultural Heritage and
illustrates mechanisms and patterns in order to be a useful
handbook of decay diagnosis. Lastly, by adopting a holistic
approach to wood decay, basic concepts of wood technology, ecology,
and deteriogens' biology are introduced, permitting readers of
different scientific backgrounds to easily comprehend wood
biodeterioration.
This book introduces readers to the application of fracture
mechanics and mesomechanics to the analysis of the fracture
behaviors of wood and bamboo. It presents a range of research
methods to study the fracture behaviors of wood and bamboo, taking
into account their various fracture mechanisms resulting from
differences in their macroscopic and microscopic structures. It
combines theoretical analysis with experiments, as well as various
mathematical tools and experimental approaches. The research
methods are illustrated by simple schematic diagrams, and the
results obtained are largely presented as tables and figures,
helping to make the book concise and compact. As such, it provides
a valuable guide to the development of new biocomposites that
possess exceptional strength and toughness properties and
successfully overcome the shortcomings of biomaterials.
This book offers the state of the art on the progress and
accomplishments of 25 years of research at the Associate Laboratory
LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering -
Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials on lignin conversion to
value-added products and their downstream separation. The first
valorisation pathway presented for lignin is its partial
depolymerisation by oxidation for the production of low molecular
weight phenolic compounds, such as vanillin and syringaldehyde, and
the second one is the lignin application as macromonomer for
polyurethane synthesis. In this book, the authors present the
integration of these two valorisation pathways as an exclusive
vision of LSRE-LCM resulting from hands-on experience on reaction
and separation processes: the integrated process for lignin
valorisation. In this perspective, the lignin is oxidized to
simultaneously produce syringaldehyde and vanillin, and the
obtained by-products to produce a polyol for lignin-based
polyurethanes, completing the lignin value chain. On the
perspective of pulp mill-related biorefineries, a valorisation
route for eucalyptus bark is also presented, focusing on LSRE-LCM
experience on extraction and separation of bioactive polyphenols,
giving some insights about further integration of extracted bark on
biorefining operations.
Latin America is a megadiverse territory hosting several hotspots
of plant diversity and many types of forest biomes, ecosystems and
climate types, from tropical rainforest to semi-arid woodlands.
This combination of diverse forests and climates generates multiple
responses to ecological changes affecting the structure and
functioning of forest ecosystems. Recently, there have been major
efforts to improve our understanding of such impacts on ecosystems
processes. However, there is a dearth of studies focused on
Latin-American forest ecosystems that could provide novel insights
into the patterns and mechanisms of ecological processes in
response to environmental stress. The abundance of "New World" tree
species with dendrochronological potential constitutes an ideal
opportunity to improve the ecological state of knowledge regarding
these diverse forest types, which are often threatened by several
impacts such as logging or conversion to agricultural lands. Thus,
detailed information on the dendroecology of these species will
improve our understanding of forests in the face of global change.
Accordingly, this book identifies numerous relevant ecological
processes and scales, ranging from tree species to populations and
communities, and from both dendrochronological and dendroecological
perspectives. It offers a valuable reference guide for the
exploration of long-term ecological interactions between trees and
their environmental conditions, and will foster further research
and international projects on the continent and elsewhere.
This proceedings volume presents new scientific works of the
research workers and experts from the field of Wood Science &
Fire. It looks into the properties of various tree species across
the continents affecting the fire-technical properties of wood and
wood-based materials, its modifications, fire-retardant methods and
other technological processes that have an impact on wood ignition
and burning. The results of these findings have a direct impact on
Building Construction and Design describing the fire safety of
wooden buildings, mainly large and multi-story ones. The results of
these experiments and findings may be applied, or are directly
implemented into Fire Science, Hazard Control, Building Safety
which makes the application of wood and wood materials in buildings
possible, while maintaining strict fire regulations. One part of
the contributions focuses on the symbiosis of the material and the
fire-fighting technologies. Wood burning has its own specific
features, therefore, the fire protection technologies need to be
updated regularly. It also includes the issue of the intervention
of fire-fighting and rescue teams in the fires of wooden buildings.
Presentations deal with the issue of forest fires influenced by the
climate changes, relief, fuel models based on the type and the age
of the forest stand.
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