This unique textbook comprehensively introduces the field of discrete event systems, offering a breadth of coverage that makes the material accessible to readers of varied backgrounds. The book emphasizes a unified modeling framework that transcends specific application areas, linking the following topics in a coherent manner: language and automata theory, supervisory control, Petri net theory, Markov chains and queueing theory, discrete-event simulation, and concurrent estimation techniques. Topics and features: detailed treatment of automata and language theory in the context of discrete event systems, including application to state estimation and diagnosis comprehensive coverage of centralized and decentralized supervisory control of partially-observed systems timed models, including timed automata and hybrid automata stochastic models for discrete event systems and controlled Markov chains discrete event simulation an introduction to stochastic hybrid systems sensitivity analysis and optimization of discrete event and hybrid systems new in the third edition: opacity properties, enhanced coverage of supervisory control, overview of latest software tools This proven textbook is essential to advanced-level students and researchers in a variety of disciplines where the study of discrete event systems is relevant: control, communications, computer engineering, computer science, manufacturing engineering, transportation networks, operations research, and industrial engineering. Christos G. Cassandras is Distinguished Professor of Engineering, Professor of Systems Engineering, and Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Boston University. Stephane Lafortune is Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

A comprehensive guide to antenna design, manufacturing processes, antenna integration, and packaging Antenna-in-Package Technology and Applications contains an introduction to the history of AiP technology. It explores antennas and packages, thermal analysis and design, as well as measurement setups and methods for AiP technology. The authors--well-known experts on the topic--explain why microstrip patch antennas are the most popular and describe the myriad constraints of packaging, such as electrical performance, thermo-mechanical reliability, compactness, manufacturability, and cost. The book includes information on how the choice of interconnects is governed by JEDEC for automatic assembly and describes low-temperature co-fired ceramic, high-density interconnects, fan-out wafer level packaging-based AiP, and 3D-printing-based AiP. The book includes a detailed discussion of the surface laminar circuit-based AiP designs for large-scale mm-wave phased arrays for 94-GHz imagers and 28-GHz 5G New Radios. Additionally, the book includes information on 3D AiP for sensor nodes, near-field wireless power transfer, and IoT applications. This important book: - Includes a brief history of antenna-in-package technology - Describes package structures widely used in AiP, such as ball grid array (BGA) and quad flat no-leads (QFN) - Explores the concepts, materials and processes, designs, and verifications with special consideration for excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal performance Written for students in electrical engineering, professors, researchers, and RF engineers, Antenna-in-Package Technology and Applications offers a guide to material selection for antennas and packages, antenna design with manufacturing processes and packaging constraints, antenna integration, and packaging.

This book systematically discusses the signal design theory and technologies for next-generation satellite navigation systems. It provides comprehensive information on the basic concept, theory, and key technologies employed in satellite navigation system signal design. Starting from the basic elements of the navigation signal, it combines traditional and advanced technologies into an organic whole, offering readers a complete system for signal design. Thanks to its rich content and clear structure, it is well suited as a reference guide for researchers and engineers in the fields of satellite navigation, positioning, etc. The book can also be used as teaching material or supplemental reading material by professors and graduate students alike.

This book presents materials on the implementation of modern technologies for aircraft information support and ground-based radio equipment for flights in the Russian Federation, especially in the Arctic and far Eastern regions, as well as new methods for monitoring the flight of civil aviation aircraft based on the use of local control and correction stations and optical systems that fully meet the requirements of international and domestic organizations for the reliability and integrity of transmitted information. The book is intended for engineering and technical specialists involved in the development, manufacturing and operation of aircraft avionics and ground-based radio electronic flight support systems, as well as graduate students and senior students of radio engineering specialties. It is useful to researchers and professionals whose activities are related to air traffic control.

This book describes the basic functions of the European Digital Radio DAB+ (Digital Audio Broadcasting plus) with its direct possible applications in a simple way. The book refers to fundamentals of DABs 80+ norms and specifications. Presented subjects are indicating problems of DAB signal propagation and possible multimedia applications. The book provides about 130 figures for explaining new concepts in an easy to approach manner. Applications include, but are not limited to audio compression MPEG, OFDM, SFN phasor representation, multiplexes, MOT, and conditional access. The book is intended for those interested in decisions regarding radio at various levels, owners of radio stations, and designers of various multimedia applications of digital radio in the field of security, students of wireless systems, etc. * Presents the fundamental functions of DAB / DAB+ (Digital Audio Broadcasting) along with its applications * Outlines the European Digital Radio system * Explains the functions of worldwide emerging digital radio subsystems

This book provides in-depth insights into use cases implementing artificial intelligence (AI) applications at the edge. It covers new ideas, concepts, research, and innovation to enable the development and deployment of AI, the industrial internet of things (IIoT), edge computing, and digital twin technologies in industrial environments. The work is based on the research results and activities of the AI4DI (ECSEL JU) project, including an overview of industrial use cases, research, technological innovation, validation, and deployment. This book's sections build on the research, development, and innovative ideas elaborated for applications in five industries: automotive, semiconductor, industrial machinery, food and beverage, and transportation. The articles included under each of these five industrial sectors discuss AI-based methods, techniques, models, algorithms, and supporting technologies, such as IIoT, edge computing, digital twins, collaborative robots, silicon-born AI circuit concepts, neuromorphic architectures, and augmented intelligence, that are anticipating the development of Industry 5.0. Automotive applications cover use cases addressing AI-based solutions for inbound logistics and assembly process optimisation, autonomous reconfigurable battery systems, virtual AI training platforms for robot learning, autonomous mobile robotic agents, and predictive maintenance for machines on the level of a digital twin. AI-based technologies and applications in the semiconductor manufacturing industry address use cases related to AI-based failure modes and effects analysis assistants, neural networks for predicting critical 3D dimensions in MEMS inertial sensors, machine vision systems developed in the wafer inspection production line, semiconductor wafer fault classifications, automatic inspection of scanning electron microscope cross-section images for technology verification, anomaly detection on wire bond process trace data, and optical inspection. The use cases presented for machinery and industrial equipment industry applications cover topics related to wood machinery, with the perception of the surrounding environment and intelligent robot applications. AI, IIoT, and robotics solutions are highlighted for the food and beverage industry, presenting use cases addressing novel AI-based environmental monitoring; autonomous environment-aware, quality control systems for Champagne production; and production process optimisation and predictive maintenance for soybeans manufacturing. For the transportation sector, the use cases presented cover the mobility-as-a-service development of AI-based fleet management for supporting multimodal transport. This book highlights the significant technological challenges that AI application developments in industrial sectors are facing, presenting several research challenges and open issues that should guide future development for evolution towards an environment-friendly Industry 5.0. The challenges presented for AI-based applications in industrial environments include issues related to complexity, multidisciplinary and heterogeneity, convergence of AI with other technologies, energy consumption and efficiency, knowledge acquisition, reasoning with limited data, fusion of heterogeneous data, availability of reliable data sets, verification, validation, and testing for decision-making processes.

This book presents high-quality papers from the Fifth International Conference on Microelectronics, Computing & Communication Systems (MCCS 2020). It discusses the latest technological trends and advances in MEMS and nanoelectronics, wireless communication, optical communication, instrumentation, signal processing, image processing, bioengineering, green energy, hybrid vehicles, environmental science, weather forecasting, cloud computing, renewable energy, RFID, CMOS sensors, actuators, transducers, telemetry systems, embedded systems and sensor network applications. It includes papers based on original theoretical, practical and experimental simulations, development, applications, measurements and testing. The applications and solutions discussed here provide excellent reference material for future product development.

I.AM catalyzes the "convergence for good" of the biological, physical and digital worlds, helping us to better tackle the toughest challenges of the 2020s: climate change, resource depletion, an aging population, social inclusion, the empowerment of people, health crises and the post-pandemic world, as well as new issues emerging in relation to economical, societal and everyday life. This book dives into disruptive concepts of I.AM such as: Trust as a Service, Business as a Game, ATAWAD (AnyTime, AnyWhere, Any Device), PCE (Productivity of Collaborative Exchange), Unimedia, Shazamization of everything, decentralization of everything, BOTization and Build to Order for Me, Blockchain and Empowerment of Me, edge computing, augmented industry, augmentation value chain and empowering innovation, etc. The fluid, easy-to-read style of this book targets the broadest scope of readers, from purpose-driven and business-oriented individuals, to students, researchers, experts, innovators, consultants, managers and politicians, all eager to empower people to work towards a more sustainable future.

This book presents the principles and applications of optical fiber communication based on digital signal processing (DSP) for both single and multi-carrier modulation signals. In the context of single carrier modulation, it describes DSP for linear and nonlinear optical fiber communication systems, discussing all-optical Nyquist modulation signal generation and processing, and how to use probabilistic and geometrical shaping to improve the transmission performance. For multi-carrier modulation, it examines DSP-based OFDM signal generation and detection and presents 4D and high-order modulation formats. Lastly, it demonstrates how to use artificial intelligence in optical fiber communication. As such it is a useful resource for students, researches and engineers in the field of optical fiber communication.

This book gathers extended contributions to the workshop on Long-Term Digital Care, LTC-2021, organized by the Universita Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM), Ancona, Italy, and the Hochschule Konstanz (HTWG), Germany, in November 2021, and funded by the DAAD Joint Mobility Program. It covers innovative, practice-oriented approaches that are expected to foster digital health care, with a special focus on improving internationalization and accessibility. The book, which bridges between technological and social disciplines, reports on selected studies with the main goals of: establishing a comparison of Long-Term Digital Care approaches, with focus on exchange and networking processes; defining practical roadmaps for digital social innovation; establishing concepts and methods for process evaluation and sustainability. It offers a timely snapshot on technologies for patient monitoring and assistant systems, medical data analysis and image processing, digital platforms and advanced diagnostics techniques, and discusses important concepts relating to traceable process evaluation, networking and accessibility. It aims at informing, yet it is also intended to inspire and foster a stronger collaboration across disciplines, countries, as well as academic and professional institutions.

This book comprises select proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Data Science and Engineering (ICDSE 2021). The contents of this book focus on responsible data science. This book tries to integrate research across diverse topics related to data science, such as fairness, trust, ethics, confidentiality, transparency, and accuracy. The chapters in this book represent research from different perspectives that offer novel theoretical implications that span multiple disciplines. The book will serve as a reference resource for researchers and practitioners in academia and industry.

This book presents the Proceedings of The 6th Brazilian Technology Symposium (BTSym'20). The book discusses the current technological issues on Systems Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, such as the Transmission Line, Protein-Modified Mortars, Electromagnetic Properties, Clock Domains, Chebyshev Polynomials, Satellite Control Systems, Hough Transform, Watershed Transform, Blood Smear Images, Toxoplasma Gondi, Operation System Developments, MIMO Systems, Geothermal-Photovoltaic Energy Systems, Mineral Flotation Application, CMOS Techniques, Frameworks Developments, Physiological Parameters Applications, Brain-Computer Interface, Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Vision, Security Applications, FPGA Applications, IoT, Residential Automation, Data Acquisition, Industry 4.0, Cyber-Physical Systems, Digital Image Processing, Patters Recognition, Machine Learning, Photocatalytic Process, Physical-Chemical Analysis, Smoothing Filters, Frequency Synthesizers, Voltage-Controlled Ring Oscillator, Difference Amplifier, Photocatalysis, Photodegradation, current technological issues on Human, Smart and Sustainable Future of Cities, such as the Digital Transformation, Data Science, Hydrothermal Dispatch, Project Knowledge Transfer, Immunization Programs, Efficiency and Predictive Methods, PMBOK Applications, Logistics Process, IoT, Data Acquisition, Industry 4.0, Cyber-Physical Systems, Fingerspelling Recognition, Cognitive Ergonomics, Ecosystem Services, Environmental, Ecosystem Services Valuation, Solid Waste and University Extension.

It is a compilation of research works related to intelligent and emerging system design using a range of tools including soft-computation. The book includes reviews, actual designs, research works, discussion and experimental results related to works in the areas of communication, computation, vision sciences, bio-inspired system design, social dynamic, related process design, etc. The audience of this book is expected to be researchers who deal with intelligent and emerging system design through mathematical and computational modeling and experimental designs. Specifically, audiences that are broadly involved in the domains of electronics and communication, electrical engineering, mathematics, computer science, other applied informatics domains and related areas will find the book interesting. The works included in the book broadly covers all areas of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Technology, Soft-computational Applications, Human Computer Interactive Designs and Social and Economic Dynamics. The works included in the volume have been grouped into Communication, Biomedical and Social Science, HCI and Bio-inspired System Design, Speech Processing and Review totaling sixteen contributions.

158 2. Wiener Filtering 159 3. Speech Enhancement by Short-Time Spectral Modification 3. 1 Short-Time Fourier Analysis and Synthesis 159 160 3. 2 Short-Time Wiener Filter 161 3. 3 Power Subtraction 3. 4 Magnitude Subtraction 162 3. 5 Parametric Wiener Filtering 163 164 3. 6 Review and Discussion Averaging Techniques for Envelope Estimation 169 4. 169 4. 1 Moving Average 170 4. 2 Single-Pole Recursion 170 4. 3 Two-Sided Single-Pole Recursion 4. 4 Nonlinear Data Processing 171 5. Example Implementation 172 5. 1 Subband Filter Bank Architecture 172 173 5. 2 A-Posteriori-SNR Voice Activity Detector 5. 3 Example 175 6. Conclusion 175 Part IV Microphone Arrays 10 Superdirectional Microphone Arrays 181 Gary W. Elko 1. Introduction 181 2. Differential Microphone Arrays 182 3. Array Directional Gain 192 4. Optimal Arrays for Spherically Isotropic Fields 193 4. 1 Maximum Gain for Omnidirectional Microphones 193 4. 2 Maximum Directivity Index for Differential Microphones 195 4. 3 Maximimum Front-to-Back Ratio 197 4. 4 Minimum Peak Directional Response 200 4. 5 Beamwidth 201 5. Design Examples 201 5. 1 First-Order Designs 202 5. 2 Second-Order Designs 207 5. 3 Third-Order Designs 216 5. 4 Higher-Order designs 221 6. Optimal Arrays for Cylindrically Isotropic Fields 222 6. 1 Maximum Gain for Omnidirectional Microphones 222 6. 2 Optimal Weights for Maximum Directional Gain 224 6. 3 Solution for Optimal Weights for Maximum Front-to-Back Ratio for Cylindrical Noise 225 7. Sensitivity to Microphone Mismatch and Noise 230 8.

The subject of this book is Command Control Communication and Information (C3I), which is the management infrastructure for any large or complex dynamic resource system. Decision-making is the essence of C3I, which is accomplished through phased implementation of a set of facilities, communications, personnel, equipment and procedures for monitoring, forecasting, planning, directing, allocating resources, and generating options to achieve specific and general objectives. A C3I system is a decision-making network that reflects a hierarchical organization of C3I nodes. Each node is responsible for the management of some portion of the available resources, where the higher level nodes are responsible for a correspondingly greater portion of the resources. Within a C3I system, both command and control decision-making occur at every level of the hierarchy. Command decisions at one level determine how to satisfy the management decisions at a higher level. By taking similar national and international systems as a model, this book explains how the management infrastructure can be planned and designed using available technologies, techniques and standards to achieve stated user operational requirements, including time and cost constraints which may be imposed on the system. The book discusses design requirements and the technical and operational issues raised, and then deals with the main subject of designing C3I systems. This book serves as a valuable reference to professionals and C3I system designers.

This book presents selected papers from the International Conference on Computing, Communication, Electrical and Biomedical Systems (ICCCEBS 2021), held in March 2021 at KPR College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The conference explores the interface between industry and real-time environments with newly developed techniques in computing and communications engineering. The papers describe results of conceptual, constructive, empirical, experimental, and theoretical work in areas of computing, communication, electrical, and biomedical systems. Contributors include academic scientists, researchers, industry representatives, postdoctoral fellows, and research scholars from around the world.

This book is a collection of high-quality research articles. The book includes topics specific to the emerging areas of control for robotic systems, wireless communication, and development of embedded systems for robotic applications. The book integrates three important aspects of automation, namely (i) communication, (ii) control, and (iii) embedded design for robotic applications. This book is unique as it provides a unified framework for analysis, design, and deployment of the robotic applications across various engineering and non-engineering disciplines including the three primary aspects mentioned above. Furthermore, the emerging research and development work pertaining to the deployment of intelligent, nonlinear, and embedded control for robotic system for non-standard operating environment due to the widespread application of robotics technology for societal benefit is also a focal point of the book.

This book is written for engineers who need to develop algorithms used for signal processing and/or implement algorithms using the C programming language or MATLAB. The book features a rich collection of recipes for applied signal processing such as FIR, IIR, FFT, correlation, complex FIR, adaptive filters and others. The book applies to those who want to implement in the shortest time to market working systems that are built from a collection of building blocks implemented in an FPGA firmware or C language software, running on an SBC or DSP. Structured as an instantly applicable guide, the author covers a wide collection of required solutions to common encountered problems with a software guide. All Codes in the book are verified and processing times for all C codes are specified, enabling the reader to estimate processing time on his own target, by comparing it to the I5 2.9 GHz CPU used here. Endorsements: "Your book bridges a gap between theory and implementation on hardware - which is a topic relevant to many in industry and many students who are targeting the digital signal processing industry (including communications and robotics)" Professor Alfred Hero, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA "I believe you that for many engineers the book will be practical" Professor Anthony J. Weiss, Tel Aviv University, Israel

This book presents a comprehensive study covering the design and application of models and algorithms for assessing the joint device failures of telecommunication backbone networks caused by large-scale regional disasters. At first, failure models are developed to make use of the best data available; in turn, a set of fast algorithms for determining the resulting failure lists are described; further, a theoretical analysis of the complexity of the algorithms and the properties of the failure lists is presented, and relevant practical case studies are investigated. Merging concepts and tools from complexity theory, combinatorial and computational geometry, and probability theory, a comprehensive set of models is developed for translating the disaster hazard in informative yet concise data structures. The information available on the network topology and the disaster hazard is then used to calculate the possible (probabilistic) network failures. The resulting sets of resources that are expected to break down simultaneously are modeled as a collection of Shared Risk Link Groups (SRLGs), or Probabilistic SRLGs. Overall, this book presents improved theoretical methods that can help predicting disaster-caused network malfunctions, identifying vulnerable regions, and assessing precisely the availability of internet services, among other applications.

The book discusses active devices and circuits for microwave communications. It begins with the basics of device physics and then explores the design of microwave communication systems including analysis and the implementation of different circuits. In addition to classic topics in microwave active devices, such as p-i-n diodes, Schottky diodes, step recovery diodes, BJT, HBT, MESFET, HFET, and various microwave circuits like switch, phase shifter, attenuator, detector, amplifier, multiplier and mixer, the book also covers modern areas such as Class-F power amplifiers, direct frequency modulators, linearizers, and equalizers. Most of the examples are based on practical devices available in commercial markets and the circuits presented are operational. The book uses analytical methods to derive values of circuit components without the need for any circuit design tools, in order to explain the theory of the circuits. All the given analytical expressions are also cross verified using commercially available microwave circuit design tools, and each chapter includes relevant diagrams and solved problems. It is intended for scholars in the field of electronics and communication engineering.

This book concentrates on a wide range of advances related to IT cybersecurity management. The topics covered in this book include, among others, management techniques in security, IT risk management, the impact of technologies and techniques on security management, regulatory techniques and issues, surveillance technologies, security policies, security for protocol management, location management, GOS management, resource management, channel management, and mobility management. The authors also discuss digital contents copyright protection, system security management, network security management, security management in network equipment, storage area networks (SAN) management, information security management, government security policy, web penetration testing, security operations, and vulnerabilities management. The authors introduce the concepts, techniques, methods, approaches and trends needed by cybersecurity management specialists and educators for keeping current their cybersecurity management knowledge. Further, they provide a glimpse of future directions where cybersecurity management techniques, policies, applications, and theories are headed. The book is a rich collection of carefully selected and reviewed manuscripts written by diverse cybersecurity management experts in the listed fields and edited by prominent cybersecurity management researchers and specialists.

In a fast-moving technical and business environment like the Internet only exactitude can guarantee success. An 'almost correct' specification is a wrong specification. Make total accuracy your signature with this invaluable guide.

It offers detailed definitions of the bewildering array of terms and phrases relating to e-Business and the Internet, plus short articles to explain more complex topics. Covering both business-related and technology terms, you'll never fall victim to fuzzy thinking again. Fully updated to cover new and emerging areas such as wireless and mobile technologies, this new edition will be your constant companion. No need to risk disastrous misinterpretation when you can have total accuracy at your fingertips.

• Over 1500 references and many illustrations

• Explains new and emerging technologies

• Bridges the gap between definition and explanation

• Includes trademarks and symbols

• In-depth entries illuminate specific topics

• Extended coverage of wireless and mobile terms

• Numerous new entries on topics related to Java, XML, security, mCommerce and .NET

This book is devoted to the investigation of the main issues related to the sustainable realization of tele-laboratories, where real and virtual instrumentation can be shared and used in a collaborative environment. The book contains peer reviewed chapters and each presents a self-contained treatment within a framework providing an up-to-date picture of the state-of-the-art and of the most recent developments of this multi-faceted topic.

This book presents the proceedings of four conferences: The 16th International Conference on Frontiers in Education: Computer Science and Computer Engineering + STEM (FECS'20), The 16th International Conference on Foundations of Computer Science (FCS'20), The 18th International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice (SERP'20), and The 19th International Conference on e-Learning, e-Business, Enterprise Information Systems, & e-Government (EEE'20). The conferences took place in Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 27-30, 2020 as part of the larger 2020 World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, & Applied Computing (CSCE'20), which features 20 major tracks. Authors include academics, researchers, professionals, and students. This book contains an open access chapter entitled, "Advances in Software Engineering, Education, and e-Learning". Presents the proceedings of four conferences as part of the 2020 World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, & Applied Computing (CSCE'20); Includes the tracks Computer Engineering + STEM, Foundations of Computer Science, Software Engineering Research, and e-Learning, e-Business, Enterprise Information Systems, & e-Government; Features papers from FECS'20, FCS'20, SERP'20, EEE'20, including one open access chapter.

This book features the proceedings of the 4th EAI International Conference on Big Data Innovation for Sustainable Cognitive Computing (BDCC 2021). The papers feature detail on cognitive computing and its self-learning systems that use data mining, pattern recognition and natural language processing (NLP) to mirror the way the human brain works. This international conference focuses on technologies from knowledge representation techniques and natural language processing algorithms to dynamic learning approaches. Topics covered include Data Science for Cognitive Analysis, Real-Time Ubiquitous Data Science, Platform for Privacy Preserving Data Science, and Internet-Based Cognitive Platform.