This book covers the issues of monitoring, failure localization, and restoration in the Internet optical backbone, and focuses on the progress of state-of-the-art in both industry standard and academic research. The authors summarize, categorize, and analyze the developed technology in the context of Internet fault management and failure recovery under the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS), via both aspects of network operations and theories.

This book presents a coherent, novel vision of Smart Cities, built around a value-driven architecture. It describes the limitations of the contemporary notion of the Smart City and argues that the next developmental step must actively include not only the physical infrastructure, but information technology and human infrastructure as well, requiring the intensive integration of technical solutions from the Internet of Things (IoT) and social computing. The book is divided into five major parts, the first of which provides both a general introduction and a coherent vision that ties together all the components that are required to realize the vision for Smart Cities. Part II then discusses the provisioning and governance of Smart City systems and infrastructures. In turn, Part III addresses the core technologies and technological enablers for managing the social component of the Smart City platform. Both parts combine state-of-the-art research with cutting-edge industrial efforts in the respective fields. Lastly, Part IV details a road map to achieving Cyber-Human Smart Cities. Rounding out the coverage, it discusses the concrete technological advances needed to move beyond contemporary Smart Cities and toward the Smart Cities of the future. Overall, the book provides an essential overview of the latest developments in the areas of IoT and social computing research, and outlines a research roadmap for a closer integration of the two areas in the context of the Smart City. As such, it offers a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students alike.

The emergence of flow control as an attractive new field is owed to breakthroughs in MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) and related technologies. The instrumentation of fluid flows on extremely short length and short time scales requires the practical tool of control algorithms with provable performance guarantees. Dedicated to this problem, Flow Control by Feedback, brings together controller design and fluid mechanics expertise in an exposition of the latest research results. Featuring: Exhaustive treatment of flow control core areas including stabilization and mixing control techniques; self-contained introductory sections on Navier-Stokes equations, linear and nonlinear control and sensors and MEMS to facilitate accessibility to this cross-disciplinary subject; a comprehensive survey of feedback algorithms for flow control that are currently available. In response to the intense interest in flow control, this volume will be an essential addition to the library of researchers and graduate students in control theory, fluid mechanics, mathematics and physics. Content structure is ideal for instruction on flow control modules or as supplementary reading on fluid dynamics and infinite dimensional systems courses.

Wireless ad hoc sensor networks has recently become a very active research subject. Achieving efficient, fault-tolerant realizations of very large, highly dynamic, complex, unconventional networks is a real challenge for abstract modelling, algorithmic design and analysis, but a solid foundational and theoretical background seems to be lacking. This book presents high-quality contributions by leading experts worldwide on the key algorithmic and complexity-theoretic aspects of wireless sensor networks. The intended audience includes researchers and graduate students working on sensor networks, and the broader areas of wireless networking and distributed computing, as well as practitioners in the relevant application areas. The book can also serve as a text for advanced courses and seminars.

This book will introduce the concept of molecular communications and nanonetworks. The publication addresses why nanoscale communication is needed for the sophisticated nano and biotechnology applications. The text introduces the frontier applications of the molecular communication and nanonetworks. The book examines the molecular communication types called active, passive, and gap junction molecular communications. The author presents the molecular transmitter, receiver, encoding and decoding mechanisms used in these systems. Discussing the molecular communication system model and looking at the unique characteristics of practical molecular communication systems and these chemical reactions and their effects on the communication performance. Finally, the book examines the point-to-point, broadcast, and multiple-access molecular channel and shows two promising application examples of the nanonetworks. The first application example is the body area nanonetworks used in nanomedicine. the second nanonetwork application example, i.e., NanoSensor Networks (NSNs) with Molecular Communication.

This book provides an introduction to Swarm Robotics, which is the application of methods from swarm intelligence to robotics. It goes on to present methods that allow readers to understand how to design large-scale robot systems by going through many example scenarios on topics such as aggregation, coordinated motion (flocking), task allocation, self-assembly, collective construction, and environmental monitoring. The author explains the methodology behind building multiple, simple robots and how the complexity emerges from the multiple interactions between these robots such that they are able to solve difficult tasks. The book can be used as a short textbook for specialized courses or as an introduction to Swarm Robotics for graduate students, researchers, and professionals who want a concise introduction to the field.

This book presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Intelligent and Distributed Environment for Communication (WIDECOM 2018), organized by SRM University, NCR Campus, New Delhi, India, February 16-18, 2018. The conference focuses on challenges with respect to the dependability of integrated applications and intelligence-driven security threats against the platforms supporting these applications. The WIDECOM 2018 proceedings features papers addressing issues related to the new dependability paradigms, design, control, and management of next generation networks, performance of dependable network computing and mobile systems, protocols that deal with network computing, mobile/ubiquitous systems, cloud systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) systems. The proceeding is a valuable reference for researchers, instructors, students, scientists, engineers, managers, and industry practitioners, in industry, in the aforementioned areas. The book's structure and content is organized in such a manner that makes it useful at a variety of learning levels. Presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Intelligent and Distributed Environment for Communication (WIDECOM 2018), organized by SRM University, NCR Campus, New Delhi, India, February 16-18, 2018; Includes an array of topics related to new dependability paradigms, design, control, and management of next generation networks, performance of dependable network computing and mobile systems, protocols that deal with network computing, mobile/ubiquitous systems, cloud systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) systems; Addresses issues related to the design and performance of dependable network computing and systems and to the security of these systems.

The Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) has emerged as the next frontier for wireless communications networking in both the military and commercial arena. "Handbook of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for Mobility Models" introduces 40 different major mobility models along with numerous associate mobility models to be used in a variety of MANET networking environments in the ground, air, space, and/or under water mobile vehicles and/or handheld devices. These vehicles include cars, armors, ships, under-sea vehicles, manned and unmanned airborne vehicles, spacecrafts and more. This handbook also describes how each mobility pattern affects the MANET performance from physical to application layer; such as throughput capacity, delay, jitter, packet loss and packet delivery ratio, longevity of route, route overhead, reliability, and survivability. Case studies, examples, and exercises are provided throughout the book.

"Handbook of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for Mobility Models" is for advanced-level students and researchers concentrating on electrical engineering and computer science within wireless technology. Industry professionals working in the areas of mobile ad hoc networks, communications engineering, military establishments engaged in communications engineering, equipment manufacturers who are designing radios, mobile wireless routers, wireless local area networks, and mobile ad hoc network equipment will find this book useful as well.

Stochastic processes are found in probabilistic systems that evolve with time. Discrete stochastic processes change by only integer time steps (for some time scale), or are characterized by discrete occurrences at arbitrary times. Discrete Stochastic Processes helps the reader develop the understanding and intuition necessary to apply stochastic process theory in engineering, science and operations research. The book approaches the subject via many simple examples which build insight into the structure of stochastic processes and the general effect of these phenomena in real systems. The book presents mathematical ideas without recourse to measure theory, using only minimal mathematical analysis. In the proofs and explanations, clarity is favored over formal rigor, and simplicity over generality. Numerous examples are given to show how results fail to hold when all the conditions are not satisfied. Audience: An excellent textbook for a graduate level course in engineering and operations research. Also an invaluable reference for all those requiring a deeper understanding of the subject.

This book discusses several exciting research topics and applications in the intelligent Heterogenous Networks (Het-Net) and Internet of Things (IoT) era. We are resolving significant issues towards realizing the future vision of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) in IoT-enabled spaces. Such AI-powered IoT solutions will be employed in satisfying critical conditions towards further advances in our daily smart life. This book overviews the associated issues and proposes the most up to date alternatives. The objective is to pave the way for AI-powered IoT-enabled spaces in the next generation Het-Net technologies and open the door for further innovations. The book presents the latest advances and research into heterogeneous networks in critical IoT applications. It discusses the most important problems, challenges, and issues that arise when designing real-time intelligent heterogeneous networks for diverse scenarios.

Communication Systems: The State of the Art captures the depth and breadth of the field of communication systems:

-Architectures and Protocols for Distributed Systems;
-Network and Internetwork Architectures;
-Performance of Communication Systems;
-Internet Applications Engineering;
-Management of Networks and Distributed Systems;
-Smart Networks;
-Wireless Communications;
-Communication Systems for Developing Countries;
-Photonic Networking;
-Communication Systems in Electronic Commerce. This volume's scope and authority present a rare opportunity for people in many different fields to gain a practical understanding of where the leading edge in communication systems lies today-and where it will be tomorrow.

This book investigates the permutation polynomial (PP) based interleavers for turbo codes, including all the main theoretical and practical findings related to topics such as full coefficient conditions for PPs up to fifth; the number of all true different PPs up to fifth degree; the number of true different PPs under Zhao and Fan sufficient conditions, for any degree (with direct formulas or with a simple algorithm); parallel decoding of turbo codes using PP interleavers by butterfly networks; upper bounds of the minimum distance for turbo codes with PP interleavers; specific methods to design and find PP interleavers with good bit/frame error rate (BER/FER) performance. The theoretical results are explained in great detail to enhance readers' understanding. The book is intended for engineers in the telecommunications field, but the chapters dealing with the PP coefficient conditions and with the number of PP are of interest to mathematicians working in the field.

Optical networks have been in commercial deployment since the early 1980s as a result of advances in optical, photonic, and material technologies. Although the initial deployment was based on silica ?ber with a single wavelength modulated at low data rates, it was quickly demonstrated that ?ber can deliver much more bandwidth than any other transmission medium, twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, or wireless. Since then, the optical network evolved to include more exciting technologies, gratings, optical ?lters, optical multiplexers, and optical ampli?ers so that today a single ?ber can transport an unprecedented aggregate data rate that exceeds Tbps, and this is not the upper limit yet. Thus, the ?ber optic network has been the network of choice, and it is expected to remain so for many generationsto come, for both synchronousand asynchronouspayloads; voice, data, video, interactive video, games, music, text, and more. In the last few years, we have also witnessed an increase in network attacks as a result of store andforwardcomputer-basednodes. These attackshave manymaliciousobjectives: harvestsomeone else's data, impersonate another user, cause denial of service, destroy ?les, and more. As a result, a new ?eld in communicationis becomingimportant, communicationnetworksand informationse- rity. In fact, the network architect and system designer is currently challenged to include enhanced features such as intruder detection, service restoration and countermeasures, intruder avoidance, and so on. In all, the next generation optical network is intelligent and able to detect and outsmart malicious intruders.

Rate-Quality Optimized Video Coding discusses the matter of optimizing (or negotiating) the data rate of compressed digital video and its quality, which has been a relatively neglected topic in either side of image/video coding and tele-traffic management. Video rate management becomes a technically challenging task since it is required to maintain a certain video quality regardless of the availability of transmission or storage media. This is caused by the broadband nature of digital video and inherent algorithmic features of mainstream video compression schemes, e.g. H.261, H.263 and MPEG series. In order to maximize the media utilization and to enhance video quality, the data rate of compressed video should be regulated within a budget of available media resources while maintaining the video quality as high as possible. In Part I (Chapters 1 to 4) the non-stationarity of digital video is discussed. Since the non-stationary nature is also inherited from algorithmic properties of international video coding standards, which are a combination of statistical coding techniques, the video rate management techniques of these standards are explored. Although there is a series of known video rate control techniques, such as picture rate variation, frame dropping, etc., these techniques do not view the matter as an optimization between rate and quality. From the view of rate-quality optimization, the quantizer is the sole means of controling rate and quality. Thus, quantizers and quantizer control techniques are analyzed, based on the relationship of rate and quality. In Part II (Chapters 5 and 6), as a coherent approach to non-stationary video, established but still thriving nonlinear techniques are applied to video rate-quality optimization such as artificial neural networks including radical basis function networks, and fuzzy logic-based schemes. Conventional linear techniques are also described before the nonlinear techniques are explored. By using these nonlinear techniques, it is shown how they influence and tackle the rate-quality optimization problem. Finally, in Chapter 7 rate-quality optimization issues are reviewed in emerging video communication applications such as video transcoding and mobile video. This chapter discusses some new issues and prospects of rate and quality control in those technology areas. Rate-Quality Optimized Video Coding is an excellent reference and can be used for advanced courses on the topic.

In this book, 17 experts in magnetic recording focus on the underlying physical mechanisms that play crucial roles in medium and transducer development for high areal density disk drives. In 11 chapters, an examination is made of the fundamental physical concepts and their impact on recording mechanisms, with special emphasis on thin-film longitudinal, perpendicular, patterned and nanoparticle media. Theoretical and experimental investigations are presented which serve to enhance our basic understanding of thin-film dynamics, medium dynamics and thermal effects. Fundamental aspects of magnetotransport are discussed and an overview is given of recording head designs.

Algorithmic discrete mathematics plays a key role in the development of information and communication technologies, and methods that arise in computer science, mathematics and operations research in particular in algorithms, computational complexity, distributed computing and optimization are vital to modern services such as mobile telephony, online banking and VoIP.

This book examines communication networking from a mathematical viewpoint. The contributing authors took part in the European COST action 293 a four-year program of multidisciplinary research on this subject. In this book they offer introductory overviews and state-of-the-art assessments of current and future research in the fields of broadband, optical, wireless and ad hoc networks. Particular topics of interest are design, optimization, robustness and energy consumption.

The book will be of interest to graduate students, researchers and practitioners in the areas of networking, theoretical computer science, operations research, distributed computing and mathematics."

Market: Engineers and researchers in neural networks, image processing, audio/speech, and medical imaging. This book begins by focusing on the theoretical aspect of pattern recognition and introduces an integrated pattern recognition paradigm, which combines preprocessing, low dimensional signal characterization, feature optimization, and mapping classifier architecture to good features in a seamless fashion. Later, the authors reinforce the concepts of pattern recognition and prediction with challenging real- world examples, encompassing financial market prediction, image coding, active and passive sonar processing, chaos modeling, and intelligent product design.

The contents of this book are an expanded treatment of a set of presentations given at the first IEEE Workshop on Signal Propagation on Interconnects held Trnvemiindc, Germany, May 14- 16, 1997. Traditional VLSI-based cost and complexity measures have principally incolved transistor counts and chip area. Yet with the increase in clock frequency transistor has become an issue of major concern" At present the emergence of systems on silicon feces designers with a new challenge: how to guarantee signal integrity while propagating high signals between embedded cores on a Thus, interconnects are becuming a significant limiter of future system performance. The element~ involved arc mainly transmission lines but also other interconnect devices life vias, and packages" The electrical phenomena that have to investigated, as for example delay and crosstalk, are governed by electromagnetic theory. Consequently, even in digital circuits there large sectians in whieh the can longer considered logical ones and zeros but must be treated as analog waveforms. To complicate matters, the descriptian of subcircuits by ordinary differential eyuations is inadequate in many instsnces. Only the use yartial differential aquations should guarantee sufficiently accurate results. Yet this would unfortunately increase the camplexity af simulatian and besign tremendously" Therefore, new approuuhes need to be developed.

Market: Applied acousticians and microphone users such as engineers, scientists, and technicians. The first single-volume reference to offer complete, up-to-date coverage of the wide-ranging topics related to condenser microphone calibration. Featuring contributions by prominent acousticians, this book provides easy-to-follow calibration methods and step-by-step procedures for operating the various measuring instruments and acoustic devices discussed. It also includes a history of the development of condenser microphones, material never before published.

Switched-Current Signal Processing and A/D Conversion Circuits: Design and Implementation describes the design and implementation of switched-current (SI) circuits with emphasis on signal processing and data-conversion applications. The work includes theoretical analysis, high-level and circuit-level simulation results as well as measurement results from a few of the author's circuit implementations. An extensive overview of the SI field of research is also given. The book contains an extensive overview of the switched-current field of research, and can therefore be used as a quick-reference to the field. The description of each design example has been organized to describe the entire design flow from system level design and simulation, to circuit simulation, layout and measurement as accurately as possible. Thus it is possible to follow each step in the design process. Switched-Current Signal Processing and A/D Conversion Circuits: Design and Implementation is an invaluable reference for researchers and circuit designers working with one-chip mixed-signal system solutions, and low-voltage analog CMOS design. It will also be appreciated by anyone requiring a quick overview of what has been done in the SI field.

The new multimedia standards (for example, MPEG-21) facilitate the seamless integration of multiple modalities into interoperable multimedia frameworks, transforming the way people work and interact with multimedia data. These key technologies and multimedia solutions interact and collaborate with each other in increasingly effective ways, contributing to the multimedia revolution and having a significant impact across a wide spectrum of consumer, business, healthcare, education and governmental domains. This book aims to provide a complete coverage of the areas outlined and to bring together the researchers from academic and industry as well as practitioners to share ideas, challenges and solutions relating to the multifaceted aspects of this field.