This book consists of a collection of works on utilizing the automatic identification technology provided by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) to address the problems of global counterfeiting of goods. The book presents current research, directed to securing supply chains against the efforts of counterfeit operators, carried out at the Auto-ID Labs around the globe. It assumes very little knowledge on the part of the reader on Networked RFID systems as the material provided in the introduction familiarizes the reader with concepts, underlying principles and vulnerabilities of modern RFID systems.

All-optical networking is generally believed to be the only solution for coping with the ever-increasing demands in bandwidth, such as the World Wide Web application.
Optical backbone networks efficiently achieve a high level of traffic aggregation by multiplexing numerous users on circuit-switched wavelength paths - the so-called wavelength routing approach. In contrast, the reduced level of traffic aggregation in access and metro networks makes wavelength routing solutions not adequate. In these network areas, packet-interleaved optical time-division multiplexing with its finer and more dynamic bandwidth allocation is advocated.
The book presents such an approach, known as photonic slot routing. It illustrates how this approach may provide a cost-effective solution to deploying all-optical transport networks, using today's optical device technology. To that end, the author combines DWDM-technology with fixed slot optical switching, and gives a comprehensive description of this approach in which slots are aligned across the wavelengths to form groups of data-flows that propagate as a whole inside the network. Operating algorithms are developed, and network performance is analyzed, both by means of theoretical analysis and many simulations of sample networks.
This work will be of particular interest to researchers and professionals who are active in photonic networking.

The British Telecom laboratories have a worldwide reputation for their research. This latest volume presents a sample of BT's leading-edge work in object technology as applied to communications engineering. The book is divided into two parts. Part One focuses on research activities which are extending current knowledge and includes case studies, investigatory applications and prototyped systems. Part Two details experience of using object technology in real developments from BT.

M-Commerce: Global Experiences and Perspectives focuses on the emerging growth of mobile telecommunications and mobile commerce around the world. To provide a global perspective, this book describes approaches from three major regions of the world - North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific - and highlights several countries from each region. These countries are significant because of their large existing base of mobile telecom users, their future potential, their innovativeness in mobile telecom technology development, and their leadership in launching new mobile applications. ""M-Commerce: Global Experiences and Perspectives"" contains chapters from authors of many countries, and while each chapter examines a specific country indepth, all the chapters use a common integrative framework called the CLIP (communications, locatability, information provision, and payment processing) application-theoretical framework. These four core functions underlie various mobile telecommunications services offered world-wide. This conceptual framework facilitates a deeper understanding of the effective business strategies for m-commerce.

Visual Communication: An Information Theory Approach presents an entirely new look at the assessment and optimization of visual communication channels, such as are employed for telephotography and television. The electro-optical design of image gathering and display devices, and the digital processing for image coding and restoration, have remained independent disciplines which follow distinctly separate traditions; yet the performance of visual communication channels cannot be optimized just by cascading image-gathering devices, image-coding processors, and image-restoration algorithms as the three obligatory, but independent, elements of a modern system. Instead, to produce the best possible picture at the lowest data rate', it is necessary to jointly optimize image gathering, coding, and restoration. Although the mathematical development in Visual Communication: An Information Theory Approach is firmly rooted in familiar concepts of communication theory, it leads to formulations that are significantly different from those that are found in the traditional literature on either rate distortion theory or digital image processing. For example, the Wiener filter, which is perhaps the most common image restoration algorithm in the traditional digital image processing literature, fails to fully account for the constraints of image gathering and display. As demonstrated in the book, digitally restored images improve in sharpness and clarity when these constraints are properly accounted for. Visual Communication: An Information Theory Approach is unique in its extension of modern communication theory to the end-to-end assessment of visual communication. from scene to observer. As such, itties together the traditional textbook literature on electro-optical design and digital image processing. This book serves as an invaluable reference for image processing and electro-optical system design professionals and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

Comprehensive and packed with practical examples, Signal and Image Processing Sourcebook is your complete guide to the rapidly-expanding world of signal and image processing. As well as providing a thorough discussion of the basics of both analog and digital signal and image processing, this indispensable sourcebook offers a uniquely integrated approach for understanding the historical and technical relationships between the types of signal processing in the most critical fields. Establishing the fundamentals of signal and image processing in audio, radio, television, and HDTV, the early chapters of the Sourcebook lucidly chronicle the development of analog signal processing in these areas, leading the reader into a far fuller understanding of their digital signal processing counterparts. The technological background established in these early chapters - especially in the production and processing of television images - vividly illuminates the development of the sophisticated image processing employed in contemporary radar, space exploration, and medical radiological imaging. Continuing this integrated approach, the author links the fundamentals of analog telephony to the development of modern digital signal processing in telecommunications and networking. A detailed account of microprocessor technology further integrates the overall picture of the field of contemporary signal and image processing. Logically, the discussion is extended to the aspects of signal processing involved in artificial intelligence and neural networks. Throughout the book, a wealth of examples and illustrations drawn from the fields of medicine, space technology, communications, biology, and business illuminatethe historical and technical processes and interrelationships discussed in this unusually profound, informative, and far-reaching study.

Hardbound. The papers in this volume have been contributed by telecommunications professionals from all over the world. Telecom networks are flourishing even in the less-developed countries. The economic development in countries such as South-East Asia, is based on a swift implementation of technical changes. This means in most cases a communication-based development. In those countries which initiated telecommunications development, a new wave of technologies is booming and many changes are taking place. This volume will contribute to finding ways and means of taking positive advantage of the formidable opportunities presented by telecommunications technologies.

Digital Filters and Signal Processing, Third Edition ... with MATLAB Exercises presents a general survey of digital signal processing concepts, design methods, and implementation considerations, with an emphasis on digital filters. It is suitable as a textbook for senior undergraduate or first-year graduate courses in digital signal processing. While mathematically rigorous, the book stresses an intuitive understanding of digital filters and signal processing systems, with numerous realistic and relevant examples. Hence, practicing engineers and scientists will also find the book to be a most useful reference. The Third Edition contains a substantial amount of new material including, in particular, the addition of MATLAB exercises to deepen the students' understanding of basic DSP principles and increase their proficiency in the application of these principles. The use of the exercises is not mandatory, but is highly recommended. Other new features include: normalized frequency utilized in the DTFT, e.g., X(ejomega); new computer generated drawings and MATLAB plots throughout the book; Chapter 6 on sampling the DTFT has been completely rewritten; expanded coverage of Types I-IV linear-phase FIR filters; new material on power and doubly-complementary filters; new section on quadrature-mirror filters and their application in filter banks; new section on the design of maximally-flat FIR filters; new section on roundoff-noise reduction using error feedback; and many new problems added throughout.

Multidimensional Filter Banks and Wavelets: Basic Theory and Cosine Modulated Filter Banks brings together in one place important contributions and up-to-date reserach results in this important area. Multidimensional Filter Banks and Wavelets: Basic Theory and Cosine Modulated Filter Banks serves as an excellent reference, providing insight into some of the most important research issues in the field.

The diversity of methodologies and applications in the literature for the performance modelling and analysis of ATM networks, widely considered as the new generation of high speed communication systems, attests to the breadth and richness of recent ATM research and developments Performance Evaluation and Applications of ATM Networks contains seventeen tutorial papers by eminent researchers and practitioners in the ATM field worldwide. It offers a fundamental source of reference, reflecting essential state-of-the-art material for further research and development in the performance evaluation and applications field of ATM networks. Topics discussed in this book include: ATM Traffic Modelling and Characterization; ATM Traffic Management and Control ATM Routing and Network Resilience; IP/ATM Networks Integration; ATM Special Topics: Optical, Wireless and Satellite Networks; Analytical Techniques for ATM Networks. Performance Evaluation and Applications of ATM Networks maintains throughout an effective balance between descriptive and quantitative approaches for the presentation of important ATM mechanisms and performance evaluation techniques. It unifies ATM performance modelling material already known and introduces readers to some unfamiliar and unexplored ATM performance evaluation and application research areas. Performance Evaluation and Applications of ATM Networks is ideal for personnel in computer/communication industries as well as academic researchers in computer science and electrical engineering.

This book presents link-layer cooperative frameworks to improve transmission reliability and network throughput of distributed TDMA MAC protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The main objective of this book is to present link-layer node cooperation schemes to enhance the link-layer performance of vehicular networks, in terms of reliability and system throughput. The authors present approaches proposed for the medium access control (MAC) and node cooperation in VANETs. The authors also cover cooperative ADHOC MAC for point-to-point communication between a pair of source and destination nodes, and cooperative relay broadcasting for broadcast services in this book. The performance of node cooperation frameworks is evaluated via mathematical analysis and computer simulations, in comparison with distributed TDMA MAC protocols without cooperation. The proposed node cooperation frameworks enhance the performance of distributed TDMA MAC and make it more robust to tackle the dynamic networking conditions in VANETs. Furthermore, with cooperation enabled transmission, the performance of distributed TMDA MAC is more suitable to support the wide range of mobile applications and their strict service requirements which is discussed in this book. The proposed node cooperation schemes and distributed cooperation decisions can be extended to wireless systems other than distributed TDMA MAC, such as cellular communication, for vehicular communications introduced in this book. This book is useful for researchers from academia and industry, as well as advanced level students interested in vehicular communication networks. It is also useful for professionals and engineers developing applications that use cooperative wireless communication systems.

This volume covers recent developments in the design, operation, and management of mobile telecommunication and computer systems.

Uncertainty regarding loading and system parameters leads to challenging optimization and robustness issues. Stochastic modeling combined with optimization theory ensures the optimum end-to-end performance of telecommunication or computer network systems. In view of the diverse design options possible, supporting models have many adjustable parameters and choosing the best set for a particular performance objective is delicate and time-consuming. An optimization based approach determines the optimal possible allocation for these parameters.

Researchers and graduate students working at the interface of telecommunications and operations research will benefit from this book. Due to the practical approach, this book will also serve as a reference tool for scientists and engineers in telecommunication and computer networks who depend upon optimization.

Covering some of the most cutting-edge research on the delivery and retrieval of interactive multimedia content, this volume of specially chosen contributions provides the most updated perspective on one of the hottest contemporary topics. The material represents extended versions of papers presented at the 11th International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services, a vital international forum on this fast-moving field. Logically organized in discrete sections that approach the subject from its various angles, the content deals in turn with content analysis, motion and activity analysis, high-level descriptors and video retrieval, 3-D and multi-view, and multimedia delivery. The chapters cover the finest detail of emerging techniques such as the use of high-level audio information in improving scene segmentation and the use of subjective logic for forensic visual surveillance. On content delivery, the book examines both images and video, focusing on key subjects including an efficient pre-fetching strategy for JPEG 2000 image sequences. Further contributions look at new methodologies for simultaneous block reconstruction and provide a trellis-based algorithm for faster motion-vector decision making.

Intelligent/smart systems have become common practice in many engineering applications. On the other hand, current low cost standard CMOS technology (and future foreseeable developments) makes available enormous potentialities. The next breakthrough will be the design and development of "smart adaptive systems on silicon" i.e. very power and highly size efficient complete systems (i.e. sensing, computing and "actuating" actions) with intelligence on board on a single silicon die. Smart adaptive systems on silicon will be able to "adapt" autonomously to the changing environment and will be able to implement "intelligent" behaviour and both perceptual and cognitive tasks. At last, they will communicate through wireless channels, they will be battery supplied or remote powered (via inductive coupling) and they will be ubiquitous in our every day life.

Although many books deal with research and engineering topics (i.e. algorithms, technology, implementations, etc.) few of them try to bridge the gap between them and to address the issues related to feasibility, reliability and applications. Smart Adaptive Systems on Silicon, though not exhaustive, tries to fill this gap and to give answers mainly to the feasibility and reliability issues.

Smart Adaptive Systems on Silicon mainly focuses on the analog and mixed mode implementation on silicon because this approach is amenable of achieving impressive energy and size efficiency. Moreover, analog systems can be more easily interfaced with sensing and actuating devices.

Fractional processes are widely found in science, technology and engineering systems. In Fractional Processes and Fractional-order Signal Processing, some complex random signals, characterized by the presence of a heavy-tailed distribution or non-negligible dependence between distant observations (local and long memory), are introduced and examined from the 'fractional' perspective using simulation, fractional-order modeling and filtering and realization of fractional-order systems. These fractional-order signal processing (FOSP) techniques are based on fractional calculus, the fractional Fourier transform and fractional lower-order moments. Fractional Processes and Fractional-order Signal Processing: presents fractional processes of fixed, variable and distributed order studied as the output of fractional-order differential systems; introduces FOSP techniques and the fractional signals and fractional systems point of view; details real-world-application examples of FOSP techniques to demonstrate their utility; and provides important background material on Mittag-Leffler functions, the use of numerical inverse Laplace transform algorithms and supporting MATLAB (R) codes together with a helpful survey of relevant webpages. Readers will be able to use the techniques presented to re-examine their signals and signal-processing methods. This text offers an extended toolbox for complex signals from diverse fields in science and engineering. It will give academic researchers and practitioners a novel insight into the complex random signals characterized by fractional properties, and some powerful tools to analyze those signals.

Digital Signal Processing in Telecommunications aims to provide a practical insight into the way in which digital signal processing (DSP) technology is exploited across a broad range of telecommunications applications. The book also provides relevant background, as well as state-of-the-art material on recent and future development of DSP technology and applications.

This book summarizes the proceedings of the invited talks presented at the International Symposium of Physics and Application of Optical Solitons in Fibers held in Kyoto during November 14 to 17,1995. As a result of worldwide demand for ultra high bitrate transmissions and increased scientific interests from the soliton community, research on optical solitons in fibers has made a remarkable progress in recent years. In view of these trends, and with the support of the Japanese Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, the Research Group for Optical Soliton Communications (ROSC), chaired by Akira Hasegawa, was established in Japan in April 1995 to promote collaboration and information exchange 'among communication service companies, industries and academic circles in the theory and application of optical solitons. This symposium was organized as a part of the ROSC activities. The symposium attracted enthusiastic response by worldwide researchers involved in this subject which has lead to the most intensive meeting that the editor ever attended. The reader will find the contents to be well-balanced among theory, experiment and technology. Although the evaluation of the contents shall naturally depend on the particular area of interest of the reader, the symposium has confirmed that the soliton based light wave transmission has achieved the best result in one channel, both in distance of transmission and in bitrate although in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems, NRZ transmission has yet better result.

This volume presents the proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Multiaccess, Mobility and Teletraffic for Wireless Communications held in October 1998 in Washington, D.C. The focus of this workshop is to identify, present and discuss the theoretical and implementation issues critical to the design of wireless networks. To ensure proper network design and engineering, designers of wireless networks need to understand and address issues such as radio propagation, antenna, interference management, multiaccess, mobility, teletraffic, signalling and networking protocols. In fact, not only do these issues need to be understood and addressed, their interdependence and interactions also deserve to be examined closely. Therefore, the goal of this workshop is to present papers addressing these issues, with the hope of stimulating further collaboration among researchers of various disciplines in wireless communications. High-speed wireless networks such as wireless ATM and GSM with high-speed data services continue to attract much research and development efforts. The major challenges on the physical and link layers in these networks include radio design, interference management, resource allocation and multiaccess protocol. Several papers on these issues are presented here. As the availability of radio spectrum is limited, there is always a desire to ''maximize'' the spectral efficiency, for example, by diligent (and perhaps dynamic) re-use of frequency and cell layout, while guaranteeing a certain quality of service (QoS). A number of papers at this workshop address these topics.

This book explores alternative ways of accomplishing secure information transfer with incoherent multi-photon pulses in contrast to conventional Quantum Key Distribution techniques. Most of the techniques presented in this book do not need conventional encryption. Furthermore, the book presents a technique whereby any symmetric key can be securely transferred using the polarization channel of an optical fiber for conventional data encryption. The work presented in this book has largely been practically realized, albeit in a laboratory environment, to offer proof of concept rather than building a rugged instrument that can withstand the rigors of a commercial environment.

"Optical Interconnects in Future Data Center Networks" covers optical networks and how they can be used to provide high bandwidth, energy efficient interconnects for future data centers with increased communication bandwidth requirements. This contributed volume presents an integrated view of the future requirements of the data centers and serves as a reference work for some of the most advanced solutions that have been proposed by major universities and companies.

Collecting the most recent and innovative optical interconnects for data center networks that have been presented in the research community by universities and industries, this book is a valuable reference to researchers, students, professors and engineers interested in the domain of high performance interconnects and data center networks. Additionally, "Optical Interconnects in Future Data Center Networks" provides invaluable insights into the benefits and advantages of optical interconnects and how they can be a promising alternative for future data center networks. "

This is a concise introduction into optical fiber communication. It covers important aspects from the physics of optical wave propagation and amplification to the essentials of modulation formats and receivers. The combination of a solid coverage of necessary fundamental theory with an in-depth discussion of recent relevant research results enables the reader to design modern optical fiber communication systems. The book serves both graduate students and professionals. It includes many worked examples with solutions for lecturers. For the second edition, Reinhold Noe made many changes and additions throughout the text so that this concise book presents the essentials of optical fiber communication in an easy readable and understandable way.