This book is devoted to an investigation of some important problems of mod ern filtering theory concerned with systems of 'any nature being able to per ceive, store and process an information and apply it for control and regulation'. (The above quotation is taken from the preface to 27]). Despite the fact that filtering theory is l'argely worked out (and its major issues such as the Wiener-Kolmogorov theory of optimal filtering of stationary processes and Kalman-Bucy recursive filtering theory have become classical) a development of the theory is far from complete. A great deal of recent activity in this area is observed, researchers are trying consistently to generalize famous results, extend them to more broad classes of processes, realize and justify more simple procedures for processing measurement data in order to obtain more efficient filtering algorithms. As to nonlinear filter ing, it remains much as fragmentary. Here much progress has been made by R. L. Stratonovich and his successors in the area of filtering of Markov processes. In this volume an effort is made to advance in certain of these issues. The monograph has evolved over many years, coming of age by stages. First it was an impressive job of gathering together the bulk of the impor tant contributions to estimation theory, an understanding and moderniza tion of some of its results and methods, with the intention of applying them to recursive filtering problems."

Space weather has an enormous influence on modern telecommunication systems even though we may not always appreciate it. We shall endeavor throughout this monograph to expose the relationships between space weather factors and the performance (or lack thereof) of telecommunication, navigation, and surveillance systems. Space weather is a rather new term, having found an oMicial expression as the result of several government initiatives that use the term in the title of programs. But it is the logical consequence of the realization that space also has weather, just as the lower atmosphere has weather. While the weather in space will influence space systems that operate in that special environment, it is also true that space weather will influence systems that we understand and use here on terra firma. This brings space weather home as it were. It is not some abstract topic of interest to scientists alone; it is a topic of concern to all of us. I hope to make this clear as the book unfolds. Why have I written this book? First of all, I love the topic. While at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), I had the opportunity to do research on many topics including: Thomson scatter radar and satellite beacon studies of the ionosphere, utilization of the NASA Gemini platform for ionospheric investigations, microwave radar propagation studies, I-IF signal intercept and direction-finding experiments, and multi-disciplinary studies of certain physical phenomena relevant to weapon systems development.

Enterprise Interoperability is the ability of an enterprise or organisation to work with other enterprises or organisations without special effort. It is now recognised that interoperability of systems and thus sharing of information is not sufficient to ensure common understanding between enterprises. Knowledge of information meaning and understanding of how is to be used must also be shared if decision makers distributed between those enterprises in the network want to act consistently and efficiently. Industry's need for Enterprise Interoperability has been one of the significant drivers for research into the Internet of the Future. EI research will embrace and extend contributions from the Internet of Things and the Internet of Services, and will go on to drive the future needs for Internets of People, Processes, and Knowledge.

Frequency Assignment and Network Planning for Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Systems focuses on Digital Audio Broadcasting and Digital Video Broadcasting. The author provides a concise introduction to the subject and presents principles, concepts and commonly accepted methods used in the planning process.
The frequency assignment material focuses on allotment planning while network planning is dealt with mainly from a network optimization perspective. All methods introduced and mathematical tools presented are fully explained. General concepts are illustrated with the help of several planning scenarios both for frequency assignment and network planning.
Frequency assignment and network planning are vital issues throughout most of Europe and North America as a direct consequence of the increasing demand for digital communication systems.

Asymptotic Combinatorial Coding Theory is devoted to the investigation of the combinatorial properties of transmission systems using discrete signals. The book presents results of interest to specialists in combinatorics seeking to apply combinatorial methods to problems of combinatorial coding theory. Asymptotic Combinatorial Coding Theory serves as an excellent reference for resarchers in discrete mathematics, combinatorics, and combinatorial coding theory, and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

This volume contains the proceedings of the IFIP WG 6. 1 International Workshop on Testing of Communicating Systems (lWTCS'96), held in Darmstadt, Germany, on September 9 through II, 1996, continuing the IFIP WG 6. 1 series of International Workshops on Protocol Test Systems (IWPTS). In this series of working conferences, held annually since 1988, many valuable contributions have been presented with an emphasis both on the OSI conformance testing methodology and framework as well as the standardization effort on formal methods in conformance testing. While there are stilI open issues and divergencies between theory and practice in these fields, the scope of the series started expanding to related fields of growing practical relevance, for example to testing with regard to the B-ISDN protocol reference model, in particular ATM, the ODP reference model, and the Internet protocol suite, as well as to interoperability testing and performance testing. To reflect the extended scope, the program committee agreed on a new name for this series of working conferences, to be applied the first time to the 1996 conference. However, in order to emphasize the tradition of IWPTS, the numbering of this series was continued, such that IWTCS'96 is counted as the 9th International Workshop on Testing of Communicating Systems. As in the years before, the workshop aims at bringing together researchers and practi tioners, furthering the exchange of views, and correlating the work of both sides."

This useful tool provides the reader with a current overview of where microstrip patch antenna technology is at, and useful information on how to design this form of radiator for their given application and scenario. Practical design cases are provided for each goal.

The book proposes new technologies and discusses future solutions for design infrastructure for ICT. The book contains high quality submissions presented at Second International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Sustainable Development (ICT4SD - 2016) held at Goa, India during 1 - 2 July, 2016. The conference stimulates the cutting-edge research discussions among many academic pioneering researchers, scientists, industrial engineers, and students from all around the world. The topics covered in this book also focus on innovative issues at international level by bringing together the experts from different countries.

Technology has advanced to such a degree over the last decade that it has been almost impossible to find up-to-date coverage of antennas. Antenna Handbook, edited by two of the world's most distinguished antenna specialists, presents the most advanced antenna theory and designs and demonstrates their applicationin a wide variety of technical fields. They offer a stagering amount of in-depth data and analysis on a wide range of topics, supported by formulas, curves, and results, as well as derivations.

This book incorporates a selection of research and development papers. Its scope is on history and background, underlying design methodology, application domains and recent developments. The readers will be able to understand the underlying technology, philosophy, concepts, ideas, and principles, with regard to broader areas of sensor network. Aspects of sensor network and experimental results have been presented in proper order.

The ability to extract generic 3D objects from images is a crucial step towards automation of a variety of problems in cartographic database compilation, industrial inspection and assembly, and autonomous navigation. Many of these problem domains do not have strong constraints on object shape or scene content, presenting serious obstacles for the development of robust object detection and delineation techniques. Geometric Constraints for Object Detection and Delineation addresses these problems with a suite of novel methods and techniques for detecting and delineating generic objects in images of complex scenes, and applies them to the specific task of building detection and delineation from monocular aerial imagery. PIVOT, the fully automated system implementing these techniques, is quantitatively evaluated on 83 images covering 18 test scenes, and compared to three existing systems for building extraction. The results highlight the performance improvements possible with rigorous photogrammetric camera modeling, primitive-based object representations, and geometric constraints derived from their combination. PIVOT's performance illustrates the implications of a clearly articulated set of philosophical principles, taking a significant step towards automatic detection and delineation of 3D objects in real-world environments. Geometric Constraints for Object Detection and Delineation is suitable as a textbook or as a secondary text for a graduate-level course, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.

This informative text/reference presents a detailed review of the state of the art in industrial sensor and control networks. The book examines a broad range of applications, along with their design objectives and technical challenges. The coverage includes fieldbus technologies, wireless communication technologies, network architectures, and resource management and optimization for industrial networks. Discussions are also provided on industrial communication standards for both wired and wireless technologies, as well as for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Topics and features: describes the FlexRay, CAN, and Modbus fieldbus protocols for industrial control networks, as well as the MIL-STD-1553 standard; proposes a dual fieldbus approach, incorporating both CAN and ModBus fieldbus technologies, for a ship engine distributed control system; reviews a range of industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) applications, from environmental sensing and condition monitoring, to process automation; examines the wireless networking performance, design requirements, and technical limitations of IWSN applications; presents a survey of IWSN commercial solutions and service providers, and summarizes the emerging trends in this area; discusses the latest technologies and open challenges in realizing the vision of the IIoT, highlighting various applications of the IIoT in industrial domains; introduces a logistics paradigm for adopting IIoT technology on the Physical Internet. This unique work will be of great value to all researchers involved in industrial sensor and control networks, wireless networking, and the Internet of Things.

This book has brought 24 groups of experts and active researchers around the world together in image processing and analysis, video processing and analysis, and communications related processing, to present their newest research results, exchange latest experiences and insights, and explore future directions in these important and rapidly evolving areas. It aims at increasing the synergy between academic and industry professionals working in the related field. It focuses on the state-of-the-art research in various essential areas related to emerging technologies, standards and applications on analysis, processing, computing, and communication of multimedia information. The target audience of this book is researchers and engineers as well as graduate students working in various disciplines linked to multimedia analysis, processing and communications, e.g., computer vision, pattern recognition, information technology, image processing, and artificial intelligence. The book is also meant to a broader audience including practicing professionals working in image/video applications such as image processing, video surveillance, multimedia indexing and retrieval, and so on. We hope that the researchers, engineers, students and other professionals who read this book would find it informative, useful and inspirational toward their own work in one way or another.

Technology has advanced to such a degree over the last decade that it has been almost impossible to find up-to-date coverage of antennas. Antenna Handbook, edited by two of the world's most distinguished antenna speciallists, presents the most advanced antenna theory and designs and demonstrates their application in a wide variety of technical fields. They offer a staggering amount of in-depth data and analysis on a wide range of topics, supported by formulas, curves, and results, as well as derivations.

Next generation transport is used to support storage, VOIP, DSL, Cable and soon-to-be FTTX. This book is a survey of the key technologies that comprise the backbone of the networking infrastructure. It explains transport networks, how they are used, management of the layers, and the role of standards in the development of certain technologies.

Written specifically with service technicians and engineers in mind, this book is designed as a bench-side companion and guide to the principles involved in repairing and adjusting CD players. Engineers will find this a helpful companion to the various service manuals. The text takes a problem solving approach with numerous examples, circuit diagrams and line drawings.

Engineers who need to achieve a better understanding of CD technology will find this book an essential tool for fault diagnosis, adjustment and repair. This book not only covers the mechanical design but also the integrated circuits within a CD player. It is written for immediate application and is well illustrated, so it should become a welcome addition to the rack of tools available to the service engineer. Ken Clements has extensive experience of the service industry both as a service manager and later in technical training with Sony and Pioneer. It is his hands-on knowledge that makes the book so valuable, not only as a wide-ranging reference but also as a benchtop manual to be kept within reach at all times when working with CD players.

This book answers a question which came about while the author was work ing on his diploma thesis [1]: would it be better to ask for the available band width instead of probing the network (like TCP does)? The diploma thesis was concerned with long-distance musical interaction ("NetMusic"). This is a very peculiar application: only a small amount of bandwidth may be necessary, but timely delivery and reduced loss are very important. Back then, these require ments led to a thorough investigation of existing telecommunication network mechanisms, but a satisfactory answer to the question could not be found. Simply put, the answer is "yes" - this work describes a mechanism which indeed enables an application to "ask for the available bandwidth". This obvi ously does not only concern online musical collaboration any longer. Among others, the mechanism yields the following advantages over existing alterna tives: * good throughput while maintaining close to zero loss and a small bottleneck queue length * usefulness for streaming media applications due to a very smooth rate * feasibility for satellite and wireless links * high scalability Additionally, a reusable framework for future applications that need to "ask the network" for certain performance data was developed.

Antennas represent a critical technology in any of these wireless systems. Not only do they directly affect the received power of the system, they are also typically the largest and most visible part. Recently, the need for low-cost, low-profile, and lightweight antenna in the frequency range of the microwave/millimeter wave/THz band has regained momentum.

"Basic Principles of Fresnel Antenna Arrays" provides us a with the basics of the various Fresnel Antenna approaches, in order to achieve low-cost, low-profile, and lightweight antenna in the microwave/millimeter wave band. A potential solution of the antenna problem lies in using lens technology in an array. The Fresnel zone plate lens (FZPL) antenna is in particular an interesting candidate for the array element. The limiting focusing properties of FZPL including subwave length focus are described in detail. The book further presents a novel hexagonal FZPL antenna which can be more effectively packed in an array due to its shape.

Before considering the hexagonal FZPL antenna in an array, the authors investigate two ideas, described as methods to potentially improve the radiation characteristics. The first idea is to change the reference phase of the Fresnel zone radii - a novel free parameter in the usual design of zone plate's lenses and antennas. To further improve the radiation characteristics of the hexagonal FZPL antenna, a technique involving Fresnel zone rotation is investigated.

The book is of interest for designers of optical systems because, taking scaling effects into account, the characteristics of diffractive quasioptical elements are valid for diffractive focusing elements of integrated optics.

This volume contains the lectures given in honor to Georg Farber as tribute to his contributions in the area of real-time and embedded systems. The chapters of many leading scientists cover a wide range of aspects, like robot or automotive vision systems or medical aspects. "

Beltrami fields exist commonly in all areas of wave theory. In particular, Beltrami fields are necessary to analyze electromagnetic wave propagation in isotropic chiral materials, numerous examples of which are found in organic chemistry. Artificial chiral composites are evaluated for electromagnetic engineering purposes as well. In this book a comprehensive analysis of electromagnetic fields in chiral materials has been made.

Iterative Detection: Adaptivity, Complexity Reduction, and Applications is a primary resource for both researchers and teachers in the field of communication. Unlike other books in the area, it presents a general view of iterative detection that does not rely heavily on coding theory or graph theory. The features of the text include: Both theoretical background and numerous real-world applications. Over 70 detailed examples, 100 problems, 180 illustrations, tables of notation and acronyms, and an extensive bibliography and subject index. A whole chapter devoted to a case study on turbo decoder design. Receiver design guidelines, rules and suggestions. The most advanced view of iterative (turbo) detection based only on block diagrams and standard detection and estimation theory. Development of adaptive iterative detection theory. Application of adaptive iterative detection to phase and channel tracking in turbo coded systems and systems representative of digital mobile radio designs. An entire chapter dedicated to complexity reduction. Numerous recent research results. Discussion of open problems at the end of each chapter. Among the applications considered in this book are joint equalization and decoding, turbo codes, multiuser detection and decoding, broadband wireless channel equalization, and applications to two-dimensional storage and imaging systems. Audience: Iterative Detection: Adaptivity, Complexity Reduction, and Applications provides an accessible and detailed reference for researchers, practicing engineers, and students working in the field of detection and estimation. It will be of particular interest to those who would like to learn how iterative detection can be applied to equalization, interference mitigation, and general signal processing tasks. Researchers and practicing engineers interested in learning the turbo decoding algorithm should also have this book.

Audio Signal Processing for Next-Generation Multimedia Communication Systems presents cutting-edge digital signal processing theory and implementation techniques for problems including speech acquisition and enhancement using microphone arrays, new adaptive filtering algorithms, multichannel acoustic echo cancellation, sound source tracking and separation, audio coding, and realistic sound stage reproduction. This book's focus is almost exclusively on the processing, transmission, and presentation of audio and acoustic signals in multimedia communications for telecollaboration where immersive acoustics will play a great role in the near future.

Testing of Communicating Systems presents the latest worldwide results in both the theory and practice of the testing of communicating systems. This volume provides a forum that brings together the substantial volume of research on the testing of communicating systems, ranging from conference testing through interoperability testing to performance and QoS testing. The following topics are discussed in detail: Types of testing; Phases of the testing process; Classes of systems to be tested; and Theory and practice of testing.GBP/LISTGBP This book contains the selected proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on the Testing of Communicating Systems (formerly the International Workshop on Protocol Test Systems), sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), and held in Budapest, Hungary, in September 1999. The book contains not only interesting research on testing different communication technologies from telecom and datacom systems to distributed systems, but also presents reports on the application of these results in industry. Testing of Communicating Systems will be essential reading for engineers, IT managers and research personnel working in computer science and telecommunications.