It is certain that, over the next few years, data traffic will dwarf voice traffic on telecommunications networks. Growth in data-traffic volumes far exceeds that for voice, and is driven by increased use of applications such as e-mail attachments, remote printing and fileserver access, and the now omnipresent World Wide Web. The growth of data networking to connect computers with each other and with their peripheral devices began in earnest in the 1970s, took off in the 1980s and exploded in the 1990s. The early 21st century will see ever faster, more cost effective networks providing flexible data access into ever more businesses and homes. Since the 1970s there have been great advances in technology. For the past twenty years the processing power of computers has continued to grow with no hint of slowing - recall the oft-cited Moore's Law claiming that this power doubles every 18 months. Advances in the data networking equipment required to support the data traffic generated have been enormous. The pace of development from early X. 25 and modem technology through to some of the advanced equipment functionality now available is breathtaking - it is sometimes hard to believe that the practical router is barely ten years old This book provides an overview of the advanced data networking field by bringing together chapters on local area networks, wide area networks and their application."

This book provides an in-depth treatment of both linear fiber-optic systems and their key enabling devices. It presents a concise but rigorous treatment of the theory and practice of analog (linear) fiber-optics links and systems that constitute the foundation of Hybrid Fiber Coax infrastructure in present-day CATV distribution and cable modem Internet access. Emerging applications in remote fiber-optic feed for free-space millimeter wave enterprise campus networks are also described. Issues such as dispersion and interferometric noise are treated quantitatively, and means for mitigating them are explained. This broad but concise text will thus be invaluable not only to students of fiber-optics communication but also to practicing engineers. To the second edition of this book important new aspects of linear fiber-optic transmission technologies are added, such as high level system architectural issues, algorithms for deriving the optimal frequency assignment, directly modulated or externally modulated laser transmitters and the use of Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in linear fiber optic systems. Significant examples of field deployed military systems enabled by linear fiber optic links are described in an appendix.

The authors combine relevant and cutting-edge information on existing and future use of videoconferencing technology in the field of education.

It is a complete training in digital communications in the same book with all the aspects involved in such training: courses, tutorials with many typical problems targeted with detailed solutions, practical work concretely illustrating various aspects of technical implementation implemented. It breaks down into three parts. The Theory of information itself, which concerns both the sources of information and the channels of its transmission, taking into account the errors they introduce in the transmission of information and the means of protect by the use of appropriate coding methods. Then for the technical aspects of transmission, first the baseband transmission is presented with the important concept and fundamental technique of equalization. The performance evaluation in terms of probability of errors is systematically developed and detailed as well as the online codes used. Finally, the third part presents the Transmissions with digital modulation of carriers used in radio transmissions but also on electric cables. A second important aspect in learning a learner's knowledge and skills is this book. It concerns the "Directed Work" aspect of a training. This is an ordered set of 33 typical problems with detailed solutions covering the different parts of the course with practical work. Finally, the last aspect concerns the practical aspects in the proper sense of the term, an essential complement to training going as far as know-how. We propose here a set of 5 practical works.

This book elaborates the science and engineering basis for energy-efficient driving in conventional and autonomous cars. After covering the physics of energy-efficient motion in conventional, hybrid, and electric powertrains, the book chiefly focuses on the energy-saving potential of connected and automated vehicles. It reveals how being connected to other vehicles and the infrastructure enables the anticipation of upcoming driving-relevant factors, e.g. hills, curves, slow traffic, state of traffic signals, and movements of nearby vehicles. In turn, automation allows vehicles to adjust their motion more precisely in anticipation of upcoming events, and to save energy. Lastly, the energy-efficient motion of connected and automated vehicles could have a harmonizing effect on mixed traffic, leading to additional energy savings for neighboring vehicles. Building on classical methods of powertrain modeling, optimization, and optimal control, the book further develops the theory of energy-efficient driving. In addition, it presents numerous theoretical and applied case studies that highlight the real-world implications of the theory developed. The book is chiefly intended for undergraduate and graduate engineering students and industry practitioners with a background in mechanical, electrical, or automotive engineering, computer science or robotics.

The book is compilation of technical papers presented at International Research Symposium on Computing and Network Sustainability (IRSCNS 2016) held in Goa, India on 1st and 2nd July 2016. The areas covered in the book are sustainable computing and security, sustainable systems and technologies, sustainable methodologies and applications, sustainable networks applications and solutions, user-centered services and systems and mobile data management. The novel and recent technologies presented in the book are going to be helpful for researchers and industries in their advanced works.

What we profoundly witness these days is a growing number of human-centric systems and a genuine interest in a comprehensive understanding of their underlying paradigms and the development of solid and efficient design practices. We are indeed in the midst of the next information revolution, which very likely brings us into a completely new world of ubiquitous and invisible computing, Ambient Intelligent (AMI), and wearable hardware. This requires a totally new way of thinking in which cognitive aspects of design, cognitive system engineering and distributed approach play a pivotal role. This book fully addresses these timely needs by filling a gap between the two well-established disciplines of cognitive sciences and cognitive systems engineering. As we put succinctly in the preface, with the psychological perspective of human cognition in mind, the book explores the computational models of reasoning, learning, planning and multi-agent coordination and control of the human moods . This is an excellent, up to the point description of the book. The treatise is focused on the underlying fundamentals, spans across a vast territory embracing logic perspectives of human cognition, distributed models, parallel computing, expert systems, and intelligent robotics."

As the telecommunication industry introduces new sophisticated technologies, the nature of services and the volume of demands have changed. Indeed, a broad range of new services for users appear, combining voice, data, graphics, video, etc. This implies new planning issues. Fiber transmission systems that can carry large amounts of data on a few strands of wire were introduced. These systems have such a large bandwidth that the failure of even a single transmission link: in the network can create a severe service loss to customers. Therefore, a very high level of service reliability is becoming imperative for both system users and service providers. Since equipment failures and accidents cannot be avoided entirely, networks have to be designed so as to "survive" failures. This is done by judiciously installing spare capacity over the network so that all traffic interrupted by a failure may be diverted around that failure by way of this spare or reserve capacity. This of course translates into huge investments for network operators. Designing such survivable networks while minimizing spare capacity costs is, not surprisingly, a major concern of operating companies which gives rise to very difficult combinatorial problems. In order to make telecommunication networks survivable, one can essentially use two different strategies: protection or restoration. The protection approach preas signs spare capacity to protect each element of the network independently, while the restoration approach spreads the redundant capacity over the whole network and uses it as required in order to restore the disrupted traffic."

Granular Computing is concerned with constructing and processing carried out at the level of information granules. Using information granules, we comprehend the world and interact with it, no matter which intelligent endeavor this may involve. The landscape of granular computing is immensely rich and involves set theory (interval mathematics), fuzzy sets, rough sets, random sets linked together in a highly synergetic environment. This volume is a first comprehensive treatment of this emerging paradigm and embraces its fundamentals, underlying methodological framework, and a sound algorithmic environment. The panoply of applications covered includes system identification, telecommunications, linguistics and music processing. Written by experts in the field, this volume will appeal to all developing intelligent systems, either working at the methodological level or interested in detailed system realization.

Internet traffic is increasing at a rate of at least 200% per year. The worlda (TM)s largest Internet Service Provider has recently stated that it expects traffic capacity on its regional trunks to grow to a 1-10 petabit range over the next four to five years. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), long-haul fiber-optic links and high-capacity all-optical circuit switches are now being employed at the Internet core to process such massive traffic, consequently creating a demand for novel high-performance packet switching technologies (IP routers, ATM switches, and Ethernet Switches) which feed the optical core.

Over the last ten years, tremendous technological advances have taken place in order to achieve these objectives. High-performance Packet Switching Architectures is the first book to cover these advances in a comprehensive one-volume survey. The booka (TM)s editors have brought together contributions from leading researchers in industry and universities, yielding an integrated coverage of the state-of-the-art in packet-switching technologies.

A mix of theoretical and practical material allows the book to act an essential reference for researchers in academia as well as industrial engineers.

In this book the authors first describe the background of trusted platforms and trusted computing and speculate about the future. They then describe the technical features and architectures of trusted platforms from several different perspectives, finally explaining second-generation TPMs, including a technical description intended to supplement the Trusted Computing Group's TPM2 specifications. The intended audience is IT managers and engineers and graduate students in information security.

This book highlights the rightful role of citizens as per the constitution of the country for participation in Governance of a smart city using electronic means such as high speed fiber optic networks, the internet, and mobile computing as well as Internet of Things that have the ability to transform the dominant role of citizens and technology in smart cities. These technologies can transform the way in which business is conducted, the interaction of interface with citizens and academic institutions, and improve interactions between business, industry, and city government.

This book offers means to handle interference as a central problem of operating wireless networks. It investigates centralized and decentralized methods to avoid and handle interference as well as approaches that resolve interference constructively. The latter type of approach tries to solve the joint detection and estimation problem of several data streams that share a common medium. In fact, an exciting insight into the operation of networks is that it may be beneficial, in terms of an overall throughput, to actively create and manage interference. Thus, when handled properly, "mixing" of data in networks becomes a useful tool of operation rather than the nuisance as which it has been treated traditionally. With the development of mobile, robust, ubiquitous, reliable and instantaneous communication being a driving and enabling factor of an information centric economy, the understanding, mitigation and exploitation of interference in networks must be seen as a centrally important task.

Based on the author's real-world design experience in this key emerging area, this comprehensive guide examines and compares all major RF power amplifier linearization techniques in detail. Featuring practical tips, more than 250 illustrations, and over 600 verified equations, the book seeks to save the reader valuable design time whilst helping them avoid costly design errors. It covers the modelling and measurement of amplifier non-linearity, and describes the main methods for overcoming non-linearity in a wide range of applications, including: base stations using feedforward and predistortion; mobile communications systems and handsets using RF or digital predistortion, cartesian loop, LINC and envelope elimination and restoration (EECR); and satellite systems.

Multicarrier Modulation with Low PAR: Applications to DSL and Wireless provides the first comprehensive formulation of the PAR problem for multicarrier modulation and proposes three new methods for PAR reduction. The information in this book will be vital to practicing engineers, industrial researchers, scientists, graduate and postgraduate researchers, and others working in multicarrier transmission and communication theory. Multicarrier Modulation with Low PAR: Applications to DSL and Wireless serves as a valuable reference to both design engineers and communications theorists, and can also be used for advanced courses on the subject.

Digital signal processing (DSP) covers a wide range of applications such as signal acquisition, analysis, transmission, storage, and synthesis. Special attention is needed for the VLSI (very large scale integration) implementation of high performance DSP systems with examples from video and radar applications. This book provides basic architectures for VLSI implementations of DSP tasks covering architectures for application specific circuits and programmable DSP circuits. It fills an important gap in the literature by focusing on the transition from algorithms specification to architectures for VLSI implementations. Areas covered include:

• architectures for basic operations and elementary functions
• parallel processing and pipelining
• application specific array processors
• programmable digital signal processors

This book introduces context-aware computing, providing definitions, categories, characteristics, and context awareness itself and discussing its applications with a particular focus on smart learning environments. It also examines the elements of a context-aware system, including acquisition, modelling, reasoning, and distribution of context. It also reviews applications of context-aware computing - both past and present - to offer readers the knowledge needed to critically analyse how context awareness can be put to use. It is particularly to those new to the subject area who are interested in learning how to develop context-aware computing-oriented applications, as well as postgraduates and researchers in computer engineering, communications engineering related areas of information technology (IT). Further it provides practical know-how for professionals working in IT support and technology, consultants and business decision-makers and those working in the medical, human, and social sciences.

Optical Network Design and Modelling is an essential issue for planning and operating networks for the next century. The main issues in optical networking are being widely investigated, not only for WDM networks but also for optical TDM and optical packet switching. This book contributes to further progress in optical network architectures, design, operation and management and covers the following topics in detail:
-- Routing strategies and algorithms for optical networks; -- Network planning and design; -- Wavelength conversion and wavelength assignment in optical networks; -- Technologies for optical networks (transport, access and local area networks); -- Transmission aspects in wide area optical networks; -- New paradigms for traffic modelling.

This book contains the selected proceedings of the Second International Working Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling, which was sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), and held in February 1998, in Rome, Italy.

This valuable new book will be essential reading for personnel in computer/communication industries, and for academic and research staff in computer science and electrical engineering.

There has continuously been a massive growth of Internet traffic for these years despite the "bubble burst" in year 2000. As the telecom market is gradually picking up, it would be a consensus in telecom and data-com industries that the CAPEX (Capital Expenditures) to rebuild the network infrastructure to cope with this traffic growth would be imminent, while the OPEX (Operational Expenditures) has to be within a tight constraint. Therefore, the newly built 2r DEGREES-century network has to fully evolve from voice-oriented legacy networks, not only by increasing the transmission capacity of WDM links but also by introducing switching technologies in optical domain to provide full-connectivity to support a wide variety of services. This book stems from the technical contributions presented at the Optical Networks and Technology Conference (OpNeTec), inaugurated this year 2004 in Pisa, Italy, and collects innovations of optical network technologies toward the 2V DEGREES century network. High-quality recent research results on optical networks and related technologies are presented, including IP over WDM integration, burst and packet switchings, control and managements, operation, metro- and access networks, and components and devices in the perspective of network application. An effort has been made throughout the conference, hopefully reflected at least partially in this book, to bring together researchers, scientists, and engineers working both academia and industries to discuss the relative impact of networks on technologies and vice versa, with a vision of the fut

Fiber Bragg gratings are flexible, cost-effective and highly efficient, with a vast range of potential applications. This timely new work provides a comprehensive description of the principles and practical applications of this latest technology, which has the potential to revolutionize telecommunications and significantly impact optical fiber sensing. Here the authors explain the underlying physics and practical aspects in a clear and unambiguous manner.

This is a must-have reference for engineers, researchers and academics in this active and rapidly growing field. The breadth of coverage is impressive, the treatment is rigorous and is accompanied by extensive and up-to-date reference lists. Key topics covered include photosensitivity, properties, inscribing gratings, detailed applications coverage in both telecommunications and sensing, and a look at the impact of this technology on the marketplace.

In 2007 INTEROP-VLab defined Enterprise Interoperability as the ability of an enterprise system or application to interact with others at a low cost with a flexible approach . Enterprise Interoperability VI brings together a peer reviewed selection of over 40 papers, ranging from academic research through case studies to industrial and administrative experience of interoperability. It shows how, in a scenario of globalised markets, the capacity to cooperate with other firms efficiently becomes essential in order to remain in the market in an economically, socially and environmentally cost-effective manner, and that the most innovative enterprises are beginning to redesign their business model to become interoperable. This goal of interoperability is vital, not only from the perspective of the individual enterprise but also in the new business structures that are now emerging, such as supply chains, virtual enterprises, interconnected organisations or extended enterprises, as well as in mergers and acquisitions. Establishing efficient and relevant collaborative situations requires managing interoperability from a dynamic perspective: a relevant and efficient collaboration of organizations might require adaptation to remain in line with potentially changing objectives, evolving resources, and unexpected events, for example. Many of the papers contained in this, the seventh volume of Proceedings of the I-ESA Conferences have examples and illustrations calculated to deepen understanding and generate new ideas. The I-ESA 14 Conference is jointly organised by Ecole des Mines Albi-Carmaux, on behalf of PGSO, and the European Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability (INTEROP-VLab) and supported by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP). A concise reference to the state of the art in systems interoperability, Enterprise Interoperability VI will be of great value to engineers and computer scientists working in manufacturing and other process industries and to software engineers and electronic and manufacturing engineers working in the academic environment."

Written by international experts in the field, this book covers the standards, architecture and deployment issues related to IP-based emergency services This book brings together contributions from experts on technical and operational aspects within the international standardisation and regulatory processes relating to routing and handling of IP-based emergency calls. Readers will learn how these standards work, how various standardization organizations contributed to them and about pilot projects, early deployment and current regulatory situation. Key Features: * Provides an overview of how the standards related to IP-based emergency services work, and how various organizations contributed to them * Focuses on SIP and IMS-based communication systems for the Internet * Covers standards, architecture and deployment issues * International focus, with coverage of the major national efforts in this area * Written by the experts who were/are involved in the development of the standards (NENA, EENA, 3GPP, IETF, ETSI, etc.) * Accompanying website provides updates on standards and deployment (http://ip-emergency.net) This book is an excellent resource for vendors building software and equipment for emergency services, engineers/researchers engaged in development of networks and network elements and standardization, emergency services providers, standardization experts, product persons, those within the regulatory environment. Students and lecturers, infrastructure and application service providers will also find this book of interest.

Digital signal processing is an area of science and engineering that has been developed rapidly over the past years. This rapid development is the result of the significant advances in digital computer technology and integrated circuits fabrication. Many of the signal processing tasks conventionally performed by analog means, are realized today by less expensive and often more reliable digital hardware. Multirate Systems: Design and Applications addresses the rapid development of multirate digital signal processing and how it is complemented by the emergence of new applications.

Adaptive Signal Models: Theory, Algorithms and Audio Applications presents methods for deriving mathematical models of natural signals. The introduction covers the fundamentals of analysis-synthesis systems and signal representations. Some of the topics in the introduction include perfect and near-perfect reconstruction, the distinction between parametric and nonparametric methods, the role of compaction in signal modeling, basic and overcomplete signal expansions, and time-frequency resolution issues. These topics arise throughout the book as do a number of other topics such as filter banks and multiresolution. The second chapter gives a detailed development of the sinusoidal model as a parametric extension of the short-time Fourier transform. This leads to multiresolution sinusoidal modeling techniques in Chapter Three, where wavelet-like approaches are merged with the sinusoidal model to yield improved models. In Chapter Four, the analysis-synthesis residual is considered; for realistic synthesis, the residual must be separately modeled after coherent components (such as sinusoids) are removed. The residual modeling approach is based on psychoacoustically motivated nonuniform filter banks. Chapter Five deals with pitch-synchronous versions of both the wavelet and the Fourier transform; these allow for compact models of pseudo-periodic signals. Chapter Six discusses recent algorithms for deriving signal representations based on time-frequency atoms; primarily, the matching pursuit algorithm is reviewed and extended. The signal models discussed in the book are compact, adaptive, parametric, time-frequency representations that are useful for analysis, coding, modification, and synthesis of natural signals such as audio. The models are all interpreted as methods for decomposing a signal in terms of fundamental time-frequency atoms; these interpretations, as well as the adaptive and parametric natures of the models, serve to link the various methods dealt with in the text. Adaptive Signal Models: Theory, Algorithms and Audio Applications serves as an excellent reference for researchers of signal processing and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the topic.

A one-stop reference to the design and analysis of nonplanar microstrip structures.
Owing to their conformal capability, nonplanar microstrip antennas and transmission lines have been intensely investigated over the past decade. Yet most of the accumulated research has been too scattered across the literature to be useful to scientists and engineers working on these curved structures.
Now, antenna expert Kin-Lu Wong compiles and organizes the latest research results and other cutting-edge developments into an extensive survey of the characteristics of microstrip antennas mounted on canonical nonplanar surfaces. Demonstrating a variety of theoretical techniques and deducing the general characteristics of nonplanar microstrip antennas from calculated results, Wong thoroughly addresses the problems of cylindrical, spherical, and conical structures and gives readers powerful design and optimization tools.
Up-to-date topics range from specific applications of spherical and conical microstrip arrays to the curvature effects on the analysis of cylindrical microstrip lines and coplanar waveguides. With 256 illustrations and an exhaustive list of references, Design of Nonplanar Microstrip Antennas and Transmission Lines is an indispensable guide for antenna designers in wireless and personal communications and in radar systems, and an invaluable reference for researchers and students interested in this important technology.