This book presents novel algorithms for designing Discrete-Time Sliding Mode Controllers (DSMCs) for Networked Control Systems (NCSs) with both types of fractional delays namely deterministic delay and random delay along with different packet loss conditions such as single packet loss and multiple packet loss that occur within the sampling period. Firstly, the switching type and non-switching type algorithms developed for the deterministic type fractional delay where the delay is compensated using Thiran's approximation technique. A modified discrete-time sliding surface is proposed to derive the discrete-time sliding mode control algorithms. The algorithm is further extended for the random fractional delay with single packet loss and multiple packet loss situations. The random fractional delay is modelled using Poisson's distribution function and packet loss is modelled by means of Bernoulli's function. The condition for closed loop stability in all above situations are derived using the Lyapunov function. Lastly, the efficacy of the proposed DSMC algorithms are demonstrated by extensive simulations and also experimentally validated on a servo system.

This book presents the proceedings of the 2nd EAI International Conference on Technology, Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Education (TIE' 2018), which took place at Ravensbourne University London, London, UK, on September 4, 2018. The central theme of the conference is emerging technologies in relation to business, education, social and political needs that make modern society flourish. The proceedings feature papers from a cross-disciplinary audience that explore the process of creativity and innovation. The goal is that the various disciplines can learn from each other and see how they might benefit from the cross-fertilization of practices.

The book gathers the best research papers presented at the International Conference on Recent Trends in Communication and Intelligent Systems (ICRTCIS 2019), organized by Rajasthan Technical University Kota, and Arya College of Engineering and IT, Jaipur, on 8-9 June 2019. It discusses the latest technologies in communication and intelligent systems, covering various areas of communication engineering, such as signal processing, VLSI design, embedded systems, wireless communications, and electronics and communications in general. Featuring work by leading researchers and technocrats, the book serves as a valuable reference resource for young researchers and academics as well as practitioners in industry.

This is the first book entirely devoted to providing a perspective on the state-of-the-art of cloud computing and energy services and the impact on designing sustainable systems. Cloud computing services provide an efficient approach for connecting infrastructures and can support sustainability in different ways. For example, the design of more efficient cloud services can contribute in reducing energy consumption and environmental impact. The chapters in this book address conceptual principles and illustrate the latest achievements and development updates concerning sustainable cloud and energy services. This book serves as a useful reference for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and practitioners interested in the design, implementation and deployment of sustainable cloud based energy services. Professionals in the areas of power engineering, computer science, and environmental science and engineering will find value in the multidisciplinary approach to sustainable cloud and energy services presented in this book.

Published in commemoration of the one-hundredth anniversary of the "Titanic"'s sinking, this book tells the story of that fateful night from an unusual angle: through the many wireless communications sent to and from the land stations and the ships involved as the tragic events unfolded.Drawing on the extensive record of wireless transmissions in the Marconi Archives, "Titanic Calling" recounts this legendary story the way it was first heard, beginning with repeated warnings--just hours before the collision--of several large icebergs unusually far south and alarmingly close to the "Titanic"'s course. The story follows senior operator Jack Phillips as he sends distress messages to nearby ships and shows how these urgent calls for help were received and rapidly relayed across the Atlantic in a desperate attempt to save the lives of the "Titanic"'s passengers and crew. Finally, the distant SS "Virginian" receives the "Titanic"'s final, broken message. The story concludes with the rescue of the fortunate survivors, who radio messages to loved ones from aboard the RMS "Carpathia "while safely on their way to New York. Illustrated throughout with photographs of the messages and including full transcripts of original material, the book also features an introduction to the development of maritime wireless communications and a discussion of the Marconi Archives's "Titanic "collection. The forced brevity of the messages lends the narrative a startling sense of immediacy and brings to life to the voices of the individuals involved.

Presents the latest techniques with a view towards practical applications. The book delivers an analytical study of communication theory and other disciplines that have special relevance to secure communication systems and concentrates on principles, concepts and systems-level analyses.

This book provides a rigorous framework in which to study problems in the analysis, stability and design of networked control systems. Four dominant sources of difficulty are considered: packet dropouts, communication bandwidth constraints, parametric uncertainty, and time delays. Past methods and results are reviewed from a contemporary perspective, present trends are examined, and future possibilities proposed. Emphasis is placed on robust and reliable design methods. New control strategies for improving the efficiency of sensor data processing and reducing associated time delay are presented. The coverage provided features: * an overall assessment of recent and current fault-tolerant control algorithms; * treatment of several issues arising at the junction of control and communications; * key concepts followed by their proofs and efficient computational methods for their implementation; and * simulation examples (including TrueTime simulations) to provide hands-on experience. In addition to the theoretical coverage, the author describes a number of applications that demonstrate the real-world relevance of this material, and these include: * a servo system; * a triple inverted pendulum; * power system control; * wireless control of a cart with inverted pendulum and wireless servo application with emphasis on controller area networks; and * switched ethernet and wireless area networks. Researchers and graduate students working in networked and distributed control will find this text a useful guide in avoiding and ameliorating common and serious problems with these systems. The increasing prevalence of networks in many fields of engineering will make Control and Estimation Methods over Communication Networks of interest to practitioners with backgrounds in communications, process engineering, robotics, power, automotive and other areas.

In order to adapt to the ever-increasing demands of telecommunication needs, today 's network operators are implementing 100 Gb/s per dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) channel transmission. At those data rates, the performance of fiberoptic communication systems is degraded significantly due to intra- and inter-channel fiber nonlinearities, polarization-mode dispersion (PMD), and chromatic dispersion. In order to deal with those channel impairments, novel advanced techniques in modulation and detection, coding and signal processing are needed.

This unique book represents a coherent and comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of optical communications, signal processing and coding for optical channels. It is the first to integrate the fundamentals of coding theory with the fundamentals of optical communication.

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This handbook offers comprehensive coverage of recent advancements in Big Data technologies and related paradigms. Chapters are authored by international leading experts in the field, and have been reviewed and revised for maximum reader value. The volume consists of twenty-five chapters organized into four main parts. Part one covers the fundamental concepts of Big Data technologies including data curation mechanisms, data models, storage models, programming models and programming platforms. It also dives into the details of implementing Big SQL query engines and big stream processing systems. Part Two focuses on the semantic aspects of Big Data management including data integration and exploratory ad hoc analysis in addition to structured querying and pattern matching techniques. Part Three presents a comprehensive overview of large scale graph processing. It covers the most recent research in large scale graph processing platforms, introducing several scalable graph querying and mining mechanisms in domains such as social networks. Part Four details novel applications that have been made possible by the rapid emergence of Big Data technologies such as Internet-of-Things (IOT), Cognitive Computing and SCADA Systems. All parts of the book discuss open research problems, including potential opportunities, that have arisen from the rapid progress of Big Data technologies and the associated increasing requirements of application domains. Designed for researchers, IT professionals and graduate students, this book is a timely contribution to the growing Big Data field. Big Data has been recognized as one of leading emerging technologies that will have a major contribution and impact on the various fields of science and varies aspect of the human society over the coming decades. Therefore, the content in this book will be an essential tool to help readers understand the development and future of the field.

The deployment of high-order modulation formats in optical fiber transmission systems is presently seen as a promising way of increasing spectral efficiency and of making better use of the capacity of currently existing fiber infrastructure. Catering to this interest, this book presents possible ways of generating and detecting optical signals with high-order phase and quadrature amplitude modulation and characterizes their system and transmission properties.

Several implementation options for high-order modulation optical transmitters are possible. Their optical and electrical parts are described and their individual signal properties are discussed. Receiver concepts with direct detection, homodyne differential detection and homodyne synchronous detection are illustrated, starting with optical frontends and ending with concrete data recovery. The description of transmitters and receivers provided in the first part of the book not only helps to demonstrate their functioning, but also allows their complexity and practicability to be estimated and compared.

To advance understanding of the system and transmission behavior of high-order modulation formats for optical fiber transmission, various system parameters such as noise performances, optimal receiver filter bandwidths, required laser linewidths and the chromatic dispersion and self phase modulation tolerances of a wide range of modulation formats are highlighted in the second part of the book, considering different line codes and many transmitter and receiver configurations. Currently, the determination of attainable transmission distances for multi-span long-haul transmission using high-order modulation formats represents an exciting field of research. Recent results in this area are also covered by this book.

This monograph is intended for students and researchers in the field of optical communications, as well as for system designers who want to learn about the properties and complexity of optical systems employing high-order modulation.

A guide to broadband microstrip antennas, offering information to help you choose and design the optimum broadband microstrip antenna configurations for your applications, without sacrificing other antenna parameters. The text shows you how to take advantage of the light-weight, low volume benefits of these antennas, by providing explanations of the various configurations and simple design equations that help you analyze and design microstrip antennas with speed and confidence. This practical resource presents an understanding of the radiation mechanism and characteristics of microstrip antennas, and provides guidance on designing new types of planar monopole antennas with multi-octave bandwidth. The authors explore how to select and design proper broadband microstrip antenna configurations for compact, tunable, dual-band and circular polarization applications. Moreover, the work compares all the broadband techniques and suggests the most attractive configuration.

This title addresses various open issues related to performance monitoring, performance management and performance control. It covers the performance management aspects of broadband wired and wireless cellular networks in an integrated fashion, and highlights the role of performance management in assisting network control procedures.

Here is a thorough, not-overly-complex introduction to the three technical foundations for multimedia applications across the Internet: communications (principles, technologies and networking); compressive encoding of digital media; and Internet protocol and services. All the contributing systems elements are explained through descriptive text and numerous illustrative figures; the result is a book well-suited toward non-specialists, preferably with technical background, who need well-composed tutorial introductions to the three foundation areas. The text discusses the latest advances in digital audio and video encoding, optical and wireless communications technologies, high-speed access networks, and IP-based media streaming, all crucial enablers of the multimedia Internet.

A successful cyber-physical system, a complex interweaving of hardware and software with some part of the physical environment, depends on proper identification of the, often pre-existing, physical element. A bespoke "cyber" part of the system may then be designed from scratch. Optimal Mobile Sensing and Actuation Strategies in Cyber-physical Systems focuses on distributed-parameter systems the dynamics of which can be modelled with partial differential equations. These are very challenging to observe, their states and inputs being distributed throughout a spatial domain. Consequently, systematic approaches to the optimization of sensor location have to be devised for parameter estimation. The text begins by reviewing the field of cyber-physical systems and introducing background notions of distributed parameter systems and optimal observation theory. New research problems are then defined within this framework. Two important problems considered are optimal mobile sensor trajectory planning and the accuracy effects and allocation of remote sensors. These are followed up with a solution to the problem of optimal robust estimation. Actuation policies are then introduced into the framework with the purpose of improving estimation and optimizing the trajectories of both sensors and actuators simultaneously. The large number of illustrations within the text will assist the reader to visualize the application of the methods proposed. A group of similar examples are used throughout the book to help the reader assimilate the material more easily. The monograph concentrates on the use of methods for which a cyber-physical-systems infrastructure is required. The methods are computationally heavy and require mobile sensors and actuators with communications abilities. Application examples cover fields from environmental science to national security so that readers are encouraged to link the ideas of cyber-physical systems with their own research.

Interference Avoidance Methods for Wireless Systems is an introduction to wireless techniques useful for uncoordinated unlicensed band systems, which use adaptive transmitters and receivers. The book provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of interference avoidance algorithms in a general signal space framework that applies to a wide range of wireless communication scenarios with multiple users accessing the same communication resources. This book will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, and engineers working in the area of wireless communications as well as to technology policy makers working on radio frequency spectrum allocation. The book can also be used as a supplement text to advanced topics graduate courses in the area of wireless communication systems.

This resource examines in detail the techniques and methods available to create countermeasures against anti-jam, over-the-air communications. It offers a practical guide that is focused on showing you how to design and build jammers specifically targeted at spread spectrum, anti-jam communications. Moreover, you find assistance in evaluating the expected performance of jamming systems against modern communications systems, and discover the best waveform to use to counter communication systems designed to be effective in jamming environments. While mathematical derivations in general are avoided, the book presents error rate performance equations for most modern digital anti-jam communication systems. Written with the professional engineer in mind, this cutting-edge book also serves as a reference for technical personnel new to the communication electronic warfare field due to the inclusion of easy-to-understand introductory material. This resource is packed with over 580 equations and more than 320 illustrations, including graphical examples that allow you to estimate general jammer performance at a glance.

This dictionary is a collection of technical abbreviations and acronyms used in information and communication technologies and other industrial activities. They are used in industries, institutes, organisations and universities, all too often without mentioning their meaning. Areas covered by this dictionary are Information and Communication Technology (ICT), including hardware and software; Information Networks, including the Internet and the World Wide Web; Automatic Control; and ICT-related Computer-Aided Techniques and Activities. Apart from the technical terms this dictionary also lists abbreviated names of relevant organisations, conferences, symposia and workshops. This reference book is important for all practitioners and users in the areas mentioned above and those who consult or write technical material (manuals, guides, books, articles, marketing and teaching material). These publications often omit the meaning of acronyms and confront the reader with jargon too often difficult to understand. This edition contains over 33,000 items and differs from the previous one by deleting obsolete terms and less relevant acronyms. Ten thousand new items have been added.

The book outlines the concept of the Automated City, in the context of smart city research and development. While there have been many other perspectives on the smart city such as the participatory city and the data-centric city, this book focuses on automation for the smart city based on current and emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. The book attempts to provide a balanced view, outlining the promises and potential of the Automated City as well as the perils and challenges of widespread automation in the city. The book discusses, at some depth, automated vehicles, urban robots and urban drones as emerging technologies that will automate many aspects of city life and operation, drawing on current work and research literature. The book also considers broader perspectives of the future city, in the context of automation in the smart city, including aspirational visions of cities, transportation, new business models, and socio-technological challenges, from urban edge computing, ethics of the Automated City and smart devices, to large scale cooperating autonomous systems in the city.

Emerging Trends in Computing, Informatics, Systems Sciences, and Engineering includes a set of rigorously reviewed world-class manuscripts addressing and detailing state-of-the-art research projects in the areas of Industrial Electronics, Technology & Automation, Telecommunications and Networking, Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering, Engineering Education, Instructional Technology, Assessment, and E-learning. This book includes the proceedings of the International Joint Conferences on Computer, Information, and Systems Sciences, and Engineering (CISSE 2010). The proceedings are a set of rigorously reviewed world-class manuscripts presenting the state of international practice in Innovative Algorithms and Techniques in Automation, Industrial Electronics and Telecommunications.

The staggering success of optical fibre as a new information transmission medium has led many to assume that optics or photonics can be similarly successful in telecommunications switching. However, photonics is in no sense a simple replacement technology for electronics in switching, and any attempt to use it in routing requires careful consideration.;Photonics in Switching provides abroad, balanced overview of the use of optics or photonics in switching, from materials and devices to system architecture. The chapters, each written by an expert in the field, survey the key technologies , , setting them in context and highlighting their benefits and possible applications. This book is a valuable resource for those working in the communications industry, either at the professional or student level, who do not have extensive background knowledge of the underlying physics of the technology.

This work deals with the instrumental measurement methods for the perceived quality of transmitted speech. These measures simulate the speech perception process employed by human subjects during auditory experiments. The measure standardized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), called "Wideband-Perceptual Speech Quality Evaluation (WB-PESQ)," is not able to quantify all these perceived characteristics on a unidimensional quality scale, the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) scale. Recent experimental studies showed that subjects make use of several perceptual dimensions to judge about the quality of speech signals. In order to represent the signal at a higher stage of perception, a new model, called "Diagnostic Instrumental Assessment of Listening quality (DIAL)," has been developed. It includes a perceptual and a cognitive model which simulate the whole quality judgment process. Except for strong discontinuities, DIAL predicts very well speech quality of different speech processing and transmission systems, and it outperforms the WB-PESQ.

In this volume, the authors present theoretical explanations for a few basic problems connected with the propagation of extra wide band, short impulses in linear media, and with the propagation of whistlers and megawhistlers in plasmas. In addition, the book provides an overview of ground and space based measurements, digital processing and signal analysis. The theoretical treatment in this volume is original in the sense that, unlike former solutions, the authors present a fundamentally non-monochromatic approach. A key feature of this approach is the application of the Laplace Transformation' and the Method of Inhomogeneous Basic Modes' to solve Maxwell's equations. It is shown that when the obtained theoretical results are applied to digital recordings, the wave analysis process becomes so flexible that it can also be used to investigate other wave propagation problems. These are both terrestrial phenomena (like atmospheric and seismic activity, buried target detection, etc.) and phenomena in space (planetary, interplanetary, plasmaspheric, whistler and megawhistler propagation). The book is aimed at a technical and professional audience working on whistler science and/or wave propagation problems.

Graph Embedding for Pattern Recognition covers theory methods, computation, and applications widely used in statistics, machine learning, image processing, and computer vision. This book presents the latest advances in graph embedding theories, such as nonlinear manifold graph, linearization method, graph based subspace analysis, L1 graph, hypergraph, undirected graph, and graph in vector spaces. Real-world applications of these theories are spanned broadly in dimensionality reduction, subspace learning, manifold learning, clustering, classification, and feature selection. A selective group of experts contribute to different chapters of this book which provides a comprehensive perspective of this field.