The huge bandwidth of optical fiber was recognized back in the 1970s during the early development of fiber optic technology. For the last two decades, the capacity of experimental and deployed systems has been increasing at a rate of 100-fold each decade-a rate exceeding the increase of integrated circuit speeds. Today, optical communication in the public communication networks has developed from the status of a curiosity into being the dominant technology. Various great challenges arising from the deployment of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) have attracted a lot of efforts from many researchers. Indeed, the optical networking has been a fertile ground for both theoretical researches and experimental studies. This monograph presents the contribution from my past and ongoing research in the optical networking area. The works presented in this book focus more on graph-theoretical and algorithmic aspects of optical networks. Although this book is limited to the works by myself and my coauthors, there are many outstanding achievements made by other individuals, which will be cited in many places in this book. Without the inspiration from their efforts, this book would have never been possible. This monograph is divided into four parts: * Multichannel Optical Networking Architectures, * Broadcast-and-Select Passive Optical Networks, * Wavelength-Switched Optical Networks, * SONET/WDM Optical Networks. The first part consists of the first three chapters. Chapter 1 pro vides a brief survey on the networking architectures of optical trans- XVll xvm MULTICHANNEL OPTICAL NETWORKS port networks, optical access networks and optical premise networks.

This book focuses on the analysis and design of low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded modulations, which are becoming part of several current and future communication systems, such as high-throughput terrestrial and satellite wireless networks. In this book, a two-sided perspective on the design of LDPC coded systems is proposed, encompassing both code/modulation optimization (transmitter side) and detection algorithm design (receiver side). After introducing key concepts on error control coding, in particular LDPC coding, and detection techniques, the book presents several relevant applications. More precisely, by using advanced performance evaluation techniques, such as extrinsic information transfer charts, the optimization of coded modulation schemes are considered for (i) memoryless channels, (ii) dispersive and partial response channels, and (iii) concatenated systems including differential encoding. This book is designed to be used by graduate students working in the field of communication theory, with particular emphasis on LDPC coded communication schemes, and industry experts working on related fields.

Comprehensive Guide to Heterogeneous Networks discusses the fundamental motivations behind this cutting-edge development, along with a brief discussion on the diverse definitions of HNs. The future of heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs) is covered, including test cases, cost configuration, economic benefits and basic challenges. Other sections cover the topology management method in context of heterogeneous sensor nodes with diverse communication and sensing range. In addition, an outline of the pros and cons of the clustering criteria in HWSNs and taxonomy are summarized and provide futuristic research directions. Final sections discuss the future evolution of HNs and their implementations in diverse applications. This is an essential reference book for advanced students on courses in wireless communications, clinical engineering and networking. It will also be of interest to researchers, network planners, technical mangers and other professionals in these fields.

This book describes various methods to enhance the directivity of planar antennas, enabling the next generation of high frequency, wireless communication. The authors discuss various applications to the terahertz regime of the electromagnetic spectrum, with an emphasis on gain enhancement mechanisms. The numerical models of these antennas are presented and the analytical results are supported, using commercial simulators. The multilayer substrate microstrip transmission line at terahertz frequency is also explored and a method to obtain the various parameters of this interconnect at high frequency is described. This book will be a valuable resource for anyone needing to explore the terahertz band gap for future wireless communication, in an effort to solve the bandwidth (spectrum scarcity) problem.

Most queuing analyses performed in the literature are based on characterization of queueing phenomena in continuous-time items. Recently in the telecommunication industries, BISDN (broadband integrated services digital network) has received considerable attention since it can provide a common interface for future communication needs including video, data, and speech. Since information in BISDN is transported by means of dicsrete units of 53-octet ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) cells, interests in discrete-time systems have increased. Discrete-Time Models for Communication Systems Including ATM provides a general framework for queueing analyses of dicrete-time systems. After a brief look at past studies of discrete-time systems, a detailed description and analysis are presented for a generic discrete-time model with a single server, arbitrary service times and independent arrivals. The book then follows a less stringent approach and focuses more on the average statistics and on different queueing disciplines. Conventional first-in-out and last-in-first-out disciplines are discussed in terms of the average statistics. Systems with multiple classes of messages without class-dependent priorities are considered to establish a discrete-time conservation law. Multiple classes with priorities are also considered to derive performance measures of priority scheduling disciplines. Finally, a multi-queue system with cyclic service is analyzed in the context of round-robin service ordering. This is followed by analyses of discrete-time queueing systems with more complicate' input and output processes. Specifically, single-server systems are investigated whereby either the arrivals or the server issubject to random interruptions. Results are mainly obtained in terms of generating functions and mean values of the principal performance measures. The influence of the nature of the arrival correlation and the server interruptions on the queueing behavior is discussed. Finally, the book explores queueing models directly associated with ATM switches and multiplexers. This book is a valuable reference and may be used as a text for and advanced course on the subject.

Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical networks are prone to failure, which can potentially lead to a catastrophic loss of data and revenue. Given this, one of the most important optical network design issues is survivability or the ability of a network to provide continuous service at an acceptable level in the presence of different failure scenarios. Resilient Optical Network Design: Advances in Fault-Tolerant Methodologies is a collection of the latest contributions to the area of survivability in optical networks. Each chapter focuses on theoretical and practical aspects of network survivability methodologies applied to real world scenarios, making this a useful reference for research and development engineers, graduate students studying optical networks, and senior undergraduate students with a background in algorithms and networking.

Broadband communications is widely recognized as one of the key technologies for building the next generation global network infrastructure to support ever-increasing multimedia applications. This book contains a collection of timely leading-edge research papers that address some of the important issues of providing such a broadband network infrastructure. Broadband Communications represents the selected proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Broadband Communications, sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) and held in Hong Kong in November 1999. The book is organized according to the eighteen technical sessions of the conference. The topics covered include internet services, traffic modeling, internet traffic control, performance evaluation, billing, pricing, admission policy, mobile network protocols, TCP/IP performance, mobile network performance, bandwidth allocation, switching systems, traffic flow control, routing, congestion and admission control, multicast protocols, network management, and quality of service. It will serve as an essential reference for computer scientists and practitioners.

This book constitutes the first single-volume, English-language treatise on electromagnetic wave propagation across the frequency spectrum.

A guide to the theory and application of methods of projections.

With the rise of powerful personal computers, methods of vector space projections have moved rapidly from the realm of theory into widespread use. This book reflects the growing interest in the application of these methods to problem solving in science and engineering. It brings together material previously scattered in disparate papers, book chapters, and articles, and offers a systematic treatment of vector space projections.

Written by two leading authorities in the field, this self-contained volume provides a tutorial on projection methods and how to apply them in science and engineering. It details effective problem-solving strategies, and explores key applications in communication and signal processing, neural networks and pattern recognition, and optics and image processing. This book:

• Reviews the fundamentals of vector space theory
• Covers principles and applications of vector space projections in general, and projections onto convex sets in particular
• Provides real-world examples solvable on PCs and modest workstations
• Features more than 100 illustrations
• Includes end-of-chapter exercises and references.

This extremely useful reference for practicing engineers, scientists, and educators can also be used for graduate-level study in science, mathematics, and engineering. Portions of the book have been used as material in short courses on applications of vector space projections.

This easy-to-follow text/reference presents a practical guide to the configuration of Cisco routers, from tasks for beginners to advanced operations. The work starts with the simple step-by-step task of connecting the router and performing basic configuration, before building up to complex and sensitive operations such as router IOS upgrade and Site-to-Site VPNs. This updated and expanded new edition has been enhanced with a more detailed treatment of each topic, supported by a set of training scenarios. Features: discusses basic configuration, domestic duties, standard and advanced routing, WAN technologies, security, router management, remote connectivity, and practical tips; explains in detail the steps required to configure different protocols on Cisco routers; includes coverage of MPLS, multicasting, GRE, HSRP, reflexive and timed-access lists, and configuration steps for IPv6 (NEW); provides an extensive selection of training scenarios, designed to offer hands-on practice in the relevant tasks (NEW).

Enterprises all over the world are experiencing a rapid development of networked computing for applications that are required for the daily survival of an organization. Client-server computing offers great potential for cost-effective networked computing. However, many organizations have now learned that the cost of maintenance and support of these networked distributed systems far exceeds the cost of buying them. Computer Supported Creative Work (CSCW) is the new evolving area that promotes the understanding of business processes and relevant communication technologies. Cooperative Management of Enterprise Networks uses CSCW as the medium for conveying ideas on the integration of business processes with network and systems management. This book will be useful for systems management professionals wishing to know about business process integration; business managers wishing to integrate their tasks with network/systems management; software system developers wishing to adopt participatory design practices; and students and researchers.

The book will appeal to both professional engineers and students and researchers in the subject. From an introduction to the basic terminology and underlying techniques, the book moves on to demonstrate the core enabling technologies, with a broad and balanced perspective given for each topic. Subsequent chapters focus on the applications and give an insight into the process of integrating a range of speech technologies for commercial solutions to customer needs. The book concludes with a speculative review of options for the future.

The METRA (Multi-Element Transmit and Receive Antennas) Project Ana Perez-Neira, Javier R Fonollosa.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TURBO-BLAST: A Novel Technique for Multi-transmit Multi-receive Wireless Communications Mathini Sellathurni, Sirnon Haykin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . 13 . . . . . . Optimal Channel Training for Multiple Antenna Systems J. Balakrishnan, M. Rupp, H. Viswanathan. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . 25 . . . . . . Code-Aided Blind Multi-user Detection in Dispersive CDMA channels Stefano Buzzi, Marco Lops.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . 3 . . 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lndoor BLAST Measurements: Capacity ofMulti-elemmt Antenna Systems P.Kyritsi, P.Wolniansky, R Valenzuela..... .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . ... 49 The High Data Rate Evolution of the cdma2000 Cellular System Eduardo Esteves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . User-Perceived Performance ofWeb-Browsing and Interactive Data Applications in TDMA Packet Wireless Networks N.K. Shankaranarayanan, Z.Jiang, P.Mishra......................................... ... 73 Resource Allocation Schemes for Voice and Data Integration over Wireless Cessular Networks Wessam Ajib, Philippe Godlewski............................ .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 85 . . . SIP-sessions between a 3G-Network and a SIP-proxy Traversing NAT -PT G. Bajko, B. Bertenyi............................. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . 97 Resource Allocation for Soft Handoff in Wireless Packet CDMA System E. Dinan, B. Jabbari, M. Kasmi, P. Godlewski............... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . 109 . . . . . . ."

Many professionals in the technology industry are seeking new solutions beyond the confines of the more traditional type software tools, network design solutions and distributed systems applications. The aim of this book is to provide for them a much needed upgrade of knowledge and skills by addressing the developing technical and business perspectives which have emerged from the deregulation of telecommunications, including issues connected to costs and tariffs. It also addresses a comprehensible introduction to the research, development and implementation of agents. Based on thorough research undertaken from 1993-96 in the United States, Europe and Japan, much practical material is included, with both comprehensive examples and case studies.

An important look at bandwidth-efficient modulations with applications to today’s Space program

Based on research and results obtained at the California Institute of Technology’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, this timely book defines, describes, and then delineates the performance (power and bandwidth) of digital communication systems that incorporate a wide variety of bandwidth-efficient modulations appropriate for the design and implementation of space communications systems.

The author compares the performance of these systems in the presence of a number of practical (non-ideal) transmitter and receiver characteristics such as modulator and phase imbalance, imperfect carrier synchronization, and transmitter nonlinearity. Although the material focuses on the deep space applications developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the presentation is sufficiently broad as to be applicable to a host of other applications dealing with RF communications.

An important contribution to the scientific literature, Bandwidth-Efficient Digital Modulation with Application to Deep Space Communications

• was commissioned by the JPL Deep Space Communications and Navigation System Center of Excellence
• highlights many NASA-funded technical contributions pertaining to deep space communications systems
• is a part of the prestigious Deep Space Communications and Navigation Series

The Deep Space Communications and Navigation Series is authored by scientists and engineers with extensive experience in astronautics, communications, and related fields. It lays the foundation for innovation in the areas of deep space navigation and communications by disseminating state-of-the-art knowledge in key technologies.

Wireless ad hoc sensor networks has recently become a very active research subject. Achieving efficient, fault-tolerant realizations of very large, highly dynamic, complex, unconventional networks is a real challenge for abstract modelling, algorithmic design and analysis, but a solid foundational and theoretical background seems to be lacking. This book presents high-quality contributions by leading experts worldwide on the key algorithmic and complexity-theoretic aspects of wireless sensor networks. The intended audience includes researchers and graduate students working on sensor networks, and the broader areas of wireless networking and distributed computing, as well as practitioners in the relevant application areas. The book can also serve as a text for advanced courses and seminars.

This book will introduce the concept of molecular communications and nanonetworks. The publication addresses why nanoscale communication is needed for the sophisticated nano and biotechnology applications. The text introduces the frontier applications of the molecular communication and nanonetworks. The book examines the molecular communication types called active, passive, and gap junction molecular communications. The author presents the molecular transmitter, receiver, encoding and decoding mechanisms used in these systems. Discussing the molecular communication system model and looking at the unique characteristics of practical molecular communication systems and these chemical reactions and their effects on the communication performance. Finally, the book examines the point-to-point, broadcast, and multiple-access molecular channel and shows two promising application examples of the nanonetworks. The first application example is the body area nanonetworks used in nanomedicine. the second nanonetwork application example, i.e., NanoSensor Networks (NSNs) with Molecular Communication.

Multifractal Based Network Traffic Modeling provides an overview of existing broadband traffic modeling based on the Poisson process and its variants like the MM1 models. It also provides very good coverage of models based on self-similar processes. Throughout the book, the authors have focused on the problem of broadband traffic modeling keeping in mind long range dependencies in broadband traffic.

Graduate students, researchers, and individuals new to the areas of teletraffic modeling and communication network engineering will find this work especially helpful. The book could also be used as a textbook for a graduate level course on Teletraffic Modeling.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of digital signal processing for a multi-disciplinary audience. It posits that though the theory involved in digital signal processing stems from electrical, electronics, communication, and control engineering, the topic has use in other disciplinary areas like chemical, mechanical, civil, computer science, and management. This book is written about digital signal processing in such a way that it is suitable for a wide ranging audience. Readers should be able to get a grasp of the field, understand the concepts easily, and apply as needed in their own fields. It covers sampling and reconstruction of signals; infinite impulse response filter; finite impulse response filter; multi rate signal processing; statistical signal processing; and applications in multidisciplinary domains. The book takes a functional approach and all techniques are illustrated using Matlab.

The following topics are covered: existence, distribution and excitation of surface and bulk acoustic waves; wave interactions, multiwave processes; acoustoelectronic and acoustooptic interactions; acoustoelectronic devices for frequency control and selection; acoustoelectronic sensors; photoacoustics; materials for acoustoelectronics and acoustooptics; technologies for fabrication of acoustoelectronic devices.

Bus systems are the basis for industrial communication. Using Industrial Ethernet as the universal standard for automation makes open communication possible from the management level all the way to the process level. Additional bus systems such as PROFIBUS, AS-i, EIB, or CAN are connected to the Ethernet with their specific interfaces and communication protocols. To meet industrial requirements such as availability, real-time capability and robustness, the exchange of data must function as free of interference as possible and with minimal loss. Industry-standard connection technologies, network structures, PROFINET, and Industrial Security aid in meeting these requirements. This book conveys the fundamentals and terminology for the use of Industrial Ethernet and communication buses in industrial automation to plant planners and operators, programmers, and commissioning engineers. Readers learn how network configuration and diagnostics are implemented and what must be observed in terms of Industrial Security. Using realistic examples, beginners, newcomers, and those who want to brush up on their skills can familiarize themselves with, understand, and apply the basics of communication protocols. Content Communication buses: PROFIBUS, AS-i, EIB, CAN, Industrial Ethernet (EtherNet/IP, Modbus-TCP, PROFINET) ? Industrial Ethernet: operating principle, communication examples, diagnostics ? PROFINET: operating principle, real-time concept, Component Based Automation, components, system examples, diagnostic functions ? Networks: topology, management, diagnostics, implementation into practice ? Industrial Security: threats, Industrial Security concept, implementation

The emergence of flow control as an attractive new field is owed to breakthroughs in MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) and related technologies. The instrumentation of fluid flows on extremely short length and short time scales requires the practical tool of control algorithms with provable performance guarantees. Dedicated to this problem, Flow Control by Feedback, brings together controller design and fluid mechanics expertise in an exposition of the latest research results. Featuring: Exhaustive treatment of flow control core areas including stabilization and mixing control techniques; self-contained introductory sections on Navier-Stokes equations, linear and nonlinear control and sensors and MEMS to facilitate accessibility to this cross-disciplinary subject; a comprehensive survey of feedback algorithms for flow control that are currently available. In response to the intense interest in flow control, this volume will be an essential addition to the library of researchers and graduate students in control theory, fluid mechanics, mathematics and physics. Content structure is ideal for instruction on flow control modules or as supplementary reading on fluid dynamics and infinite dimensional systems courses.

Rate-Quality Optimized Video Coding discusses the matter of optimizing (or negotiating) the data rate of compressed digital video and its quality, which has been a relatively neglected topic in either side of image/video coding and tele-traffic management. Video rate management becomes a technically challenging task since it is required to maintain a certain video quality regardless of the availability of transmission or storage media. This is caused by the broadband nature of digital video and inherent algorithmic features of mainstream video compression schemes, e.g. H.261, H.263 and MPEG series. In order to maximize the media utilization and to enhance video quality, the data rate of compressed video should be regulated within a budget of available media resources while maintaining the video quality as high as possible. In Part I (Chapters 1 to 4) the non-stationarity of digital video is discussed. Since the non-stationary nature is also inherited from algorithmic properties of international video coding standards, which are a combination of statistical coding techniques, the video rate management techniques of these standards are explored. Although there is a series of known video rate control techniques, such as picture rate variation, frame dropping, etc., these techniques do not view the matter as an optimization between rate and quality. From the view of rate-quality optimization, the quantizer is the sole means of controling rate and quality. Thus, quantizers and quantizer control techniques are analyzed, based on the relationship of rate and quality. In Part II (Chapters 5 and 6), as a coherent approach to non-stationary video, established but still thriving nonlinear techniques are applied to video rate-quality optimization such as artificial neural networks including radical basis function networks, and fuzzy logic-based schemes. Conventional linear techniques are also described before the nonlinear techniques are explored. By using these nonlinear techniques, it is shown how they influence and tackle the rate-quality optimization problem. Finally, in Chapter 7 rate-quality optimization issues are reviewed in emerging video communication applications such as video transcoding and mobile video. This chapter discusses some new issues and prospects of rate and quality control in those technology areas. Rate-Quality Optimized Video Coding is an excellent reference and can be used for advanced courses on the topic.