This book provides a thorough understanding of the general principles of measurement for taking off quantities. An essential guide to any quantity surveyor, architect or engineer. Taking off quantities: Civil Engineering demonstrates, through a series of detailed worked examples from a range of civil engineering projects, how the measurement techniques are actually used.

Have you ever had to provide accurate costs for a new supermarket or a pub "just an idea...a ballpark figure..." ? The earlier a pricing decision has to be made, the more difficult it is to estimate the cost and the more likely the design and the specs are to change. And yet a rough-and-ready estimate is more likely to get set in stone. Spon's First Stage Estimating Handbook is the only comprehensive and reliable source of first stage estimating costs. Covering the whole spectrum of building costs and a wide range of related MandE work and landscaping work, vital cost data is presented as: costs per square metre elemental cost analyses principal rates composite rates. Compact and clear, Spon's First Stage Estimating Handbook is ideal for those key early meetings with clients. And with additional sections on whole life costing and general information, this is an essential reference for all construction professionals and clients making early judgements on the viability of new projects.

This volume focuses on research and practical issues linked to Calcined Clays for Sustainable Concrete. The main subjects are geology of clays, hydration and performance of blended system with calcined clays, alkali activated binders, economic and environmental impacts of the use of calcined clays in cement based materials. Topics addressed in this book include the influence of processing on reactivity of calcined clays, influence of clay mineralogy on reactivity, geology of clay deposits, Portland-calcined clay systems, hydration, durability, performance, Portland-calcined clay-limestone systems, hydration, durability, performance, calcined clay-alkali systems, life cycle analysis, economics and environmental impact of use of calcined clays in cement and concrete and field applications. This book compiles the different contributions of the 1st International Conference on Calcined Clays for Sustainable Concrete, which took place in Lausanne, Switzerland, June, 23-25, 2015.The papers present the latest research in their field. It contains nearly 80 papers and abstracts. Overall, this work gives a broad view of research on calcined clays in the field of construction and will stimulate further research into calcined clays for sustainable concrete.

A close-to-ideal blend of suburb and city, speedy construction of towers of Babylon, the sparkling proportion of glass and steel buildings' facade at night showcase the wisdom of humans. They also witness the footsteps, sweats and tears of architects and engineers. Unfortunately, these signatures of human civilizations are swathed in towering figures of construction accidents. Fretting about these on sites, different countries adopt different measures on sites. This book firstly sketches the construction accidents on sites, followed by a review on safety measures in some of the developing countries such as Bermuda, Egypt, Kuwait and China; as well as developed countries, for example, the United States, France and Singapore. It also highlights the enormous compensation costs with the courts' experiences in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong.

This book is intended for classroom teaching in architectural and civil engineering at the graduate and undergraduate levels. Although it has been developed from lecture notes given in structural steel design, it can be useful to practicing engineers. Many of the examples presented in this book are drawn from the field of design of structures. Design of Steel Structures can be used for one or two semesters of three hours each on the undergraduate level. For a two-semester curriculum, Chapters 1 through 8 can be used during the first semester. Heavy emphasis should be placed on Chapters 1 through 5, giving the student a brief exposure to the consideration of wind and earthquakes in the design of buildings. With the new federal requirements vis a vis wind and earthquake hazards, it is beneficial to the student to have some under standing of the underlying concepts in this field. In addition to the class lectures, the instructor should require the student to submit a term project that includes the complete structural design of a multi-story building using standard design procedures as specified by AISC Specifications. Thus, the use of the AISC Steel Construction Manual is a must in teaching this course. In the second semester, Chapters 9 through 13 should be covered. At the undergraduate level, Chapters 11 through 13 should be used on a limited basis, leaving the student more time to concentrate on composite construction and built-up girders."

Specifically written for contractors and small businesses carrying out small works, this second edition of Spon's Estimating Cost Guide to Small Groundworks, Landscaping Work and Gardening contains accurate information on thousands of rates, each broken down to labour, material overheads and profit.This is the first book to focus on this range of external work, including garden maintenance work on blocks of flats and individual houses, schools and sports fields, garden makeovers, laying patios and paths, small land drainage schemes on farmland, and small-scale local authority maintenance work.

All the cost data you need to keep your estimating accurate, competitive and profitable. Do you work on jobs between 50 and 50,000? Then this book is for you. Specially written for contractors, quantity surveyors and clients carrying out small works, this book contains accurate information on thousands of rates each broken down to labour, material overheads and profit.More than just a price book, it gives easy-to-read professional advice on setting up and running a business.

This extensively revised and updated fourth edition provides engineers with the principles and tools needed to turn their familiarity with earlier ACI Codes into more profitable, time-saving routine designs. Created to be used with the ACI Code and Commentary, this outstanding guide follows the new Code format with information covered in more specific sections and subsections in order to enhance clarity. In addition, it shortens the time needed for computer-aided design and analysis, converts code formulas from the review form to direct design, and presents simple formulas, tabulations, and charts for conservative longhand direct design. Two convenient indices - a subject index and a 1995 Code section index - are provided, enabling engineers to quickly locate all Code references to a particular topic, as well as concise interpretation of a given Code section. The Guide also saves engineers time and effort on the job with its detailed coverage of: torsional stiffness, braced and unbraced slender columns with and without sidesway, wide-module joist systems, reinforcement details for economy in design, detailing, fabricating, field erection, and inspection, latest ASTM material specifications, anchorage, development, and splice requirements, high-strength concrete, comparisons between wall and column economy, structural plain concrete. More than ever, the sure-handed Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building Code is an indispensable practical reference for structural, civil, and architectural engineers and students who want to safely meet modern building requirements while taking full advantage of every economy permitted by the 1995 ACI Code.

All the cost data you need to keep your estimating accurate, competitive and profitable.Do you work on jobs between 50 and 50,000? - Then this book is for you.Specially written for contractors and small businesses carrying out small works, Spon's Estimating Cost Guide to Plumbing and Heating contains accurate information on thousands of rates each broken down to labour, material overheads and profit.The first book to include typical project costs for: rainwater goods installations bathrooms external waste systems central heating systems hot and cold water systems.

The work of the RILEM Technical Committee (TC -236 BBM) was dedicated to the study of construction materials made from plant particles. It considered the question whether building materials containing as main raw material recyclable and easily available plant particles are renewable. This book includes a state-of-the-art report and an appendix. The state-of-the-art report relates to the description of vegetal aggregates. Then, hygrothermal properties, fire resistance, durability and finally the impact of the variability of the method of production of bio-based concrete are assessed. The appendix is a TC report which presents the experience of a working group. The goal was to define testing methods for the measurement of water absorption, bulk density, particle size distribution, and thermal conductivity of bio aggregates. The work is based on a first round robin test of the TC-BBM where the protocols in use by the different laboratories (labs) are compared. p>

This book addresses the integration of service subsystems such as lighting, heating and air conditioning, water supply, electrical power, waste removal and elevators into a building. The authors discusses and illustrates the construction development of these systems within a building, as well as the response of the general building construction to the incorporation of these systems. Case studies of nine buildings provide an on-the-job look at wide range of building uses, sizes and forms of construction. Designers and builders using this guide gain a rare opportunity to see the specific development of individual subsystems within the context of the general building framework.

Microstructure and Texture in Steels and Other Materials comprises a collection of articles pertaining to experimental and theoretical aspects of the evolution of crystallographic texture and microstructure during processing of steels and some other materials. Among the topics covered is the processing-microstructure-texture-property relationship in various kinds of steels, including the latest grade. Special emphasis has been given to introduce recent advances in the characterization of texture and microstructure, as well as modeling. The papers included are written by well-known experts from academia and industrial R and D, which will provide the reader with state-of-the-art, in-depth knowledge of the subject. With these attributes, Microstructure and Texture in Steels and Other Materials is expected to serve the cause of creating awareness of current developments in microstructural science and materials engineering among academic and R and D personnel working in the field. Written for: Researchers from the steel industry, R&D laboratories, steel research laboratories and academic institutions

In the last quarter century, delamination has come to mean more than just a failure in adhesion between layers of bonded composite plies that might affect their load-bearing capacity. Ever-increasing computer power has meant that we can now detect and analyze delamination between, for example, cell walls in solid wood. This fast-moving and critically important field of study is covered in a book that provides everyone from manufacturers to research scientists the state of the art in wood delamination studies. Divided into three sections, the book first details the general aspects of the subject, from basic information including terminology, to the theoretical basis for the evaluation of delamination. A settled terminology in this subject area is a first key goal of the book, as the terms which describe delamination in wood and wood-based composites are numerous and often confusing. The second section examines different and highly specialized methods for delamination detection such as confocal laser scanning microscopy, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and ultrasonics. Ways in which NDE (non-destructive evaluation) can be employed to detect and locate defects are also covered. The book's final section focuses on the practical aspects of this defect in a wide range of wood products covering the spectrum from trees, logs, laminated panels and glued laminated timbers to parquet floors. Intended as a primary reference, this book covers everything from the microscopic, anatomical level of delamination within solid wood sections to an examination of the interface of wood and its surface coatings. It provides readers with the perspective of industry as well as laboratory and is thus a highly practical sourcebook for wood engineers working in manufacturing as well as a comprehensively referenced text for materials scientists wrestling with the theory underlying the subject.

Back in print for the first time in years, the Watts Pocket Handbook renews its commitment to share industry knowledge by providing technical and legal information across a comprehensive spread of property and construction topics. Compiled by the Watts Technical Director, the Handbook provides specialist information and guidance on a vast selection of construction related subjects including: Contracts and procurement Insurance Materials and defects Environmental and sustainability issues Watts Pocket Handbook remains the must-have reference book for professionals and students engaged in construction, building surveying, service engineering, property development and much more.

The increasing level of pollution in the environment not only harms the natural world, but also accelerates the deterioration and corrosion of materials used in technical work, as well as objects with historical or artistic value. It is impossible to eliminate the numerous sources of this negative effect, so there are currently increased efforts towards improved preservation, which require a thorough knowledge of the causes of the degradation of individual materials. This book deals with the fundamental principles underlying environmental degradation of widely-used and economically important construction materials such as metals, stone, brick, concrete, timber, cast iron, steel, copper alloys and aluminium. It features information on the methods of deterioration, as well as general information on the economic impact of the damaging processes, and offers some suggested fundamental protection techniques for buildings, industrial and agricultural facilities, monuments and culturally important structures.This book will be of interest to materials and corrosion engineering experts, civil and environmental engineers, students and practicing professionals, designers, architects and restoration engineers. It will also be a useful tool for managers from various sectors of industry, for auditors of environmental management systems, and it can be used as a complementary course book for university students.

Engineers are always interested in the worst-case scenario. One of the most important and challenging missions of structural engineers may be to narrow the range of unexpected incidents in building structural design. Redundancy, robustness and resilience play an important role in such circumstances. "Improving the Earthquake Resilience of Buildings: The worst case approach" discusses the importance of worst-scenario approach for improved earthquake resilience of buildings and nuclear reactor facilities.

"Improving the Earthquake Resilience of Buildings: The worst case approach" consists of two parts. The first part deals with the characterization and modeling of worst or critical ground motions on inelastic structures and the related worst-case scenario in the structural design of ordinary simple building structures. The second part of the book focuses on investigating the worst-case scenario for passively controlled and base-isolated buildings. This allows for detailed consideration of a range of topics including:

A consideration of damage of building structures in the critical excitation method for improved building-earthquake resilience,

A consideration of uncertainties of structural parameters in structural control and base-isolation for improved building-earthquake resilience, and

New insights in structural design of super high-rise buildings under long-period ground motions.

"Improving the Earthquake Resilience of Buildings: The worst case approach" is a valuable resource for researchers and engineers interested in learning and applying the worst-case scenario approach in the seismic-resistant design for more resilient structures.

The design of foundations on reinforced soil by columns is discussed within a general framework where several aspects are taken into consideration: modeling of reinforced soil, bearing capacity, settlement, acceleration of consolidation, and improvement of soil characteristics with selected case histories. Unlike existing books on unique improvement techniques (deep soil mixing, stone columns, sand compaction piles) that focus on installation and equipment issues, this one-of-a-kind, full-color guide details the design. It is an important work for all in the geotechnical field, including practitioners, academics, and students.

1 Calendering and embossing.- Calendering.- Embossing.- 2 Coating and laminating.- 3 Drying and curing.- Electron beam.- Hot air.- Infrared.- Radio frequency.- Ultraviolet.- 4 Fabrication.- Binding and print finishing terms.- Cartons and carton styles.- Board definitions.- Cutting and creasing definitions.- Adhesive and adhesion terms.- Miscellaneous items.- 5 Web and sheet operations.- Cutting processes.- Carton production.- Cutting terms and processes.- Envelopes.- Label production.- Perforating.- Punching.- Sheeting and sheet transportation.- Counting.- Fan folding.- Feeding.- Guillotine.- Handling.- Sheeting machine or sheeter.- Sheeting terms.- Sorting.- Web transportation.- Guiding.- Rewinding.- Splicing.- Unwinding.- Web control.- Web handling terms.- Winding faults.

Driveways, paths and patios are an essential part of most properties and this comprehensive book provides a detailed explanation of exactly how they are designed, planned and constructed. Discusses the design of driveways, paths and patios with reference to their planned use, style, size, gradients and special features such as steps, ramps and terraces. Considers the range of materials available including block paving, flags, slabs, setts, cubes, cobbles, loose aggregates, plain & patterned concrete and tarmac. Analyses how to estimate costs and making the choice between the DIY approach and using a professional contractor. Examines the critical issue of drainage. Lays bare the mathematics associated with accurate setting-out and levelling. Describes the range of tools and equipment needed. Details the correct constructions of kerbs and edging and laying methods for flags, block paving and much more.

This book presents cutting-edge work on the energy efficiency and environmental sustainability of buildings, examining EU policies, regulations and technologies for complex systems such as passive buildings, sustainable buildings and, as part of the Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD), nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) requirements. It explores a wide range of topics, including indoor environment requirements, building physics, in-situ experiments to determine the thermal properties of buildings, nZEB requirements, building service technology, and methods of evaluating energy efficiency and environmental impacts. It also provides an overview of the best available technologies for nZEB, including those for the rational use of energy, utilization of renewable energy sources, EPBD systems and calculation methods. This book is a valuable resource for students, researchers and practitioners of urban planning, and architecture, civil and mechanical engineering.

The Design and Construction of Pitched Roofing is the definitive guide to obtaining successful results in pitched roofing construction. Written by a team of experts from the NFRC and the RTA, the representative groups in industry for roofing construction. This guide is fully in line with the latest best site practice, innovations and British and European Standards, to ensure readers are receiving the most up-to-date and accurate information available in the field. Based on actual teaching practice, the book is highly illustrated throughout to increase accessibility of the text for the reader in its exploration of the practical aspects of roofing. It also includes an extensive glossary of roofing terms for ease of reference. This first edition contains material detailing recent innovations in roofing, in the areas of roof components and envelope performance requirements. It brings together a comprehensive collection of the design, materials specification, and workmanship requirements to construct a successful pitched roof. Including: Up to date design, product and workmanship standards Current best site practice Advances in Health and Safety Current typical scope of works for a Roofing Contractor Broad knowledge of the overall building envelope performance. Specifically, the increasing insulation and air tightness requirements. Students following Diploma (Foundation, Intermediate and Advanced level) and apprenticeship routes, will find this book to be an invaluable reference source of information which will accompany them throughout their studies. Building professionals concerned with the design, detailing and specification of roofing will also find this book to be an essential reference.

This book approaches cultural landscape as a driver for societal challenges, economic development, social inclusion, place assessment and heritage conservation. It explores issues stemming from the relation between conservation and emergencies, and identifies descriptive tools for conveying knowledge and generating new expertise, heritage skills, seismic culture and social resilience. The documentation of landscapes, due in part to new technologies, increasingly involves integrated methodologies and graphic outcomes such as Heritage-BIM, advanced 3D modeling, and immersive environments. According to recent UNESCO recommendations, the process of mapping places is a necessary prerequisite for design action, and also includes the emotional and perceptive dimension, so as to represent space through visual thought and produce graphic materials. The chapters presented here will ultimately support efforts to overcome the emergency phase of reconstruction after natural disasters and, by exploring relevant issues in recent studies, will describe emerging tools that can help inspire practices that concern not only agrarian and urban, but also historic urban landscapes. The work also presents planning tools to help preserve the integrity and authenticity of urban heritages. The book will benefit all scholars and practitioners who are involved in the process of understanding, designing and transforming places, and will foster an international exchange of research, case studies, and best practices to confront the practical challenges involved in keeping cultural landscapes alive.