From the Preface: The Proceedings contain papers presented at the 1st Working Conference on "Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems," Aalborg, Denmark, May 6-8, 1987. The conference was the first scientific meeting of the new IFIP Working Group 7.5 on "Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems." The purpose of the Working Group 7.5 is: - to promote modern structural system optimization and reliability theory, - to advance international cooperation in the field of structural system optimization and reliability theory, - to stimulate research, development and application of structural system optimization and reliability theory, - to further the dissemination and exchange of information on reliability and optimization of structural system optimization and reliability theory, - to encourage education in structural system optimization and reliability theory.

Das Referenzwerk einer Generation in der Konstruktion und Ausbildung an Hochschulen. Jetzt macht der Reprint dieses bedeutende Werk wieder verfugbar: immer noch aktuell in den behandelten Methoden und Prinzipien, trotz mancher Fortschritte in der Anwendung. Das Buch beinhaltet beide erschienenen Einzelbande. In Teil 1: u.a. Prinzipien und Strukturen des Leichtbaus, dunnwandige isotrope Flachen und Hautfelder, dunnwandige Profilstabe, anisotrope Flachen, Sandwichflachen. Teil 2 behandelt u.a. Kriterien und Verfahren des Entwerfens und Optimierens, Auswahl und beanspruchungsgerechte Gestaltung von Bauteilen und Strukturen, basierend auf aktuellen Bauweisen und Werkstoffen, unter Gesichtspunkten von Zuverlassigkeit und Schadenstoleranz.

DEFINITION AND NOMENCLATURE A Stirling engine is a mechanical device which operates on a closed regenerative thermodynamic cycle with cyclic compression and expansion of the working fluid at different temperature levels. The flow of working fluid is controlled only by the internal volume changes, there are no valves and, overall, there is a net conversion of heat to work or vice-versa. This generalized definition embraces a large family of machines with different functions; characteristics and configurations. It includes both rotary and reciprocating systems utilizing mechanisms of varying complexity. It covers machines capable of operating as a prime mover or power system converting heat supplied at high tempera ture to output work and waste heat at a lower temperature. It also covers work-consuming machines used as refrigerating systems and heat pumps abstracting heat from a low temperature source and delivering this plus the heat equivalent of the work consumed to a higher tem perature. Finally it covers work-consuming devices used as pressure generators compressing a fluid from a low pressure to a higher pres sure. Very similar machines exist which operate on an open regen erative cycle where the flow of working fluid is controlled by valves. For convenience these may be called Ericsson engines but unfortunate ly the distinction is not widely established and regenerative machines of both types are frequently called 'Stirling engines'."

The German Aerospace Research Establishment (DFVLR) has initiated a new series of seminars concerning fundamental problems in applied engineering sciences. These seminars will be devoted to interdisciplinary topics related to the vast variety of DFVLR activities in the fields of fluid mechanics, flight mechanics, guidance and control, materials and struc tures, non-nuclear energetics, communication technology, and remote sensing. The purpose of the series is twofold, namely, to bring modern ideas and techniques to the attention of the DFVLR in order to stimulate internal activi ties, and secondly, to promulgate DFVLR achievements wi thin the international scientific/technical community. To this end, prominent speakers from Germany and other countries will be invited to join in a series of lectures and discussions on certain topics of mutual interest. The first colloquium of this series dealt with the dynamics of nonlinear systems, especially in relation'to its application to fluid mechanics, particularly in transcritical flows. Of special interest are questions concerning the formation of nonlinear three-dimensional structures in classical fluid mechanical stability problems, the physical process of transition to turbulence, and the appearance of chaotic solutions. The scope of lectures reaches from self-organization in physical systems to structural stability of three-dimensional vortex patterns, the treatment of dissipative and conservative systems, the formation of nonlinear structures in the region of laminar-turbulent transition, and numerical simulation of cumulus cloud convection in meteorology. The seminar should provide an insight into the extent to which theoretical findings in Non linear Dynamics apply to the comprehension of fluid-mechanical problems."

Organized by Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DFVLR)

This open access book presents research and evaluation results of the Austrian flagship project "Connecting Austria," illustrating the wide range of research needs and questions that arise when semi-automated truck platooning is deployed in Austria. The work presented is introduced in the context of work in similar research areas around the world. This interdisciplinary research effort considers aspects of engineering, road-vehicle and infrastructure technologies, traffic management and optimization, traffic safety, and psychology, as well as potential economic effects. The book's broad perspective means that readers interested in current and state-of-the-art methods and techniques for the realization of semi-automated driving and with either an engineering background or with a less technical background gain a comprehensive picture of this important subject. The contributors address many questions such as: Which maneuvers does a platoon typically have to carry out, and how? How can platoons be integrated seamlessly in the traffic flow without becoming an obstacle to individual road users? What trade-offs between system information (sensors, communication effort, etc.) and efficiency are realistic? How can intersections be passed by a platoon in an intelligent fashion? Consideration of diverse disciplines and highlighting their meaning for semi-automated truck platooning, together with the highlighting of necessary research and evaluation patterns to address such a broad task scientifically, makes Energy-Efficient and Semi-automated Truck Platooning a unique contribution with methods that can be extended and adapted beyond the geographical area of the research reported.

The use of catalytic converters for the purification of automotive exhaust gases is a relatively new technology which was brought into existence by social pressures for the preservation of acceptable environmental conditions. The majority of catalytic practitioners have been able to watch the growth of this technology from its inception to its current state of sophistication. Automotive catalytic converter technology is now in a mature state, and this chapter from Vol. 5 Catalysis: Science and Technology by Dr. K. C. Taylor provides a review which covers both the process chemistry and the most important converter design factors. Contents 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Emission Regulations in the United States. 3. Exhaust Emission Characteristics. . 3 4. 1981 Emission Control Technology. 5 A. Converters. . . 5 B. Control System. 7 8 ~. Catalyst Screening . 6. Laboratory Testing. .10 7. The Chemical Reactions 13 8. Composition of Three-Way Catalysts. 16 A. Rhodium 17 21 B. Platinum. C. Palladium 22 D. Iridium . 22 23 E. Ruthenium and Nickel. F. Cerium Oxide ..... 23 G. Search for Alternatives to Nohle Metals 24 9. Catalyst Supports . 25 A. Pellets .... 26 B. Monoliths . . 26 10. The Transient Behavior of Three-Way Catalysts 27 II. Deterioration of Three-Way Catalysts. 35 A. Thermal Effects. . . . 35 B. Phosphorus Poisoning. . . 37 C. Lead Poisoning. . . . . . * 38 D. Catalyst Poisoning by Sulfur * 40 12. The 0.4 NO,; Research Objective. * 41 13. Control of Diesel Particulate Emissions.

This contributed volume contains the results of the research program "Agreement for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles", developed in the framework of the Energy Technology Network of the International Energy Agency. The topical focus lies on technology options for the system optimization of hybrid and electric vehicle components and drive train configurations which enhance the energy efficiency of the vehicle. The approach to the topic is genuinely interdisciplinary, covering insights from fields. The target audience primarily comprises researchers and industry experts in the field of automotive engineering, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.

Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics and Modeling Bruce P. Minaker, University of Windsor, Canada An introduction to vehicle dynamics and the fundamentals of mathematical modeling Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics and Modeling is a student-focused textbook providing an introduction to vehicle dynamics, and covers the fundamentals of vehicle model development. It illustrates the process for construction of a mathematical model through the application of the equations of motion. The text describes techniques for solution of the model, and discusses the implications of the choice of method. It demonstrates how to conduct an analysis and interpret the results, and provides a foundation for understanding and predicting vehicle behaviour as a consequence of the design parameters. The book introduces the concept of multibody dynamics as applied to vehicles and provides insight into how vehicle dynamics concepts and tools are used in the automotive industry. Modeling the pneumatic tire is also covered, along with methods for solving the suspension kinematics problem, and prediction of acceleration and braking performance. A significant portion of the book is devoted to the classical linear dynamic models, and it includes the development of a method suitable for computer implementation, which can automatically generate and solve the linear equations of motion for large complex models. Key features: * Accompanied by a website hosting MATLAB(R) code. * Supported by the Global Education Delivery channels. Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics and Modeling is an ideal textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate courses on vehicle dynamics.

Eco-driving has the potential to save fuel and reduce emissions without having to make any changes to vehicles or road infrastructure. This book provides an in-depth understanding of the contemporary issues in the human factors aspects of eco-driving strategies and interfaces and the effects on driver behaviour. A review of the literature concerning design, behaviour, and energy use led to an exploration of Ecological Interface Design, and the Skills, Rules, and Knowledge (SRK) taxonomy of human behaviour, particularly with regard to haptic information presented through the accelerator pedal. This book explains that eco-driving can be performed by anyone in control of a vehicle.

"A theoretical and technical guide to the electric vehicle lithium-ion battery management system"

Covers the timely topic of battery management systems for lithium batteries. After introducing the problem and basic background theory, it discusses battery modeling and state estimation. In addition to theoretical modeling it also contains practical information on charging and discharging control technology, cell equalisation and application to electric vehicles, and a discussion of the key technologies and research methods of the lithium-ion power battery management system.

The author systematically expounds the theory knowledge included in the lithium-ion battery management systems and its practical application in electric vehicles, describing the theoretical connotation and practical application of the battery management systems. Selected graphics in the book are directly derived from the real vehicle tests. Through comparative analysis of the different system structures and different graphic symbols, related concepts are clear and the understanding of the battery management systems is enhanced.

Contents include key technologies and the difficulty point of vehicle power battery management system; lithium-ion battery performance modeling and simulation; the estimation theory and methods of the lithium-ion battery state of charge, state of energy, state of health and peak power; lithium-ion battery charge and discharge control technology; consistent evaluation and equalization techniques of the battery pack; battery management system design and application in electric vehicles.A theoretical and technical guide to the electric vehicle lithium-ion battery management systemUsing simulation technology, schematic diagrams and case studies, the basic concepts are described clearly and offer detailed analysis of battery charge and discharge control principlesEquips the reader with the understanding and concept of the power battery, providing a clear cognition of the application and management of lithium ion batteries in electric vehiclesArms audiences with lots of case studies

Essential reading for Researchers and professionals working in energy technologies, utility planners and system engineers.

The overall goal of vehicle design is to make a robust and reliable product that meets the demands of the customers and this book treats the topic of analysing and describing customer loads with respect to durability. Guide to Load Analysis for Vehicle and Durability Engineering supplies a variety of methods for load analysis and also explains their proper use in view of the vehicle design process. In Part I, Overview, there are two chapters presenting the scope of the book as well as providing an introduction to the subject. Part II, Methods for Load Analysis, describes useful methods and indicates how and when they should be used. Part III, Load Analysis in view of the Vehicle Design Process, offers strategies for the evaluation of customer loads, in particular characterization of customer populations, which leads to the derivation of design loads, and finally to the verification of systems and components. Key features: Is a comprehensive collection of methods for load analysis, vehicle dynamics and statistics Combines standard load data analysis methods with statistical aspects on deriving test loads from surveys of customer usage Sets the methods used in the framework of system dynamics and response, and derives recommendations for the application of methods in engineering practice Presents a reliability design methodology based on statistical evaluation of component strength and customers loads Includes case studies and illustrative examples that translate the theory into engineering practice Developed in cooperation with six European truck manufacturers (DAF, Daimler, Iveco, MAN, Scania and Volvo) to meet the needs of industry, Guide to Load Analysis for Vehicle and Durability Engineering provides an understanding of the current methods in load analysis and will inspire the incorporation of new techniques in the design and test processes.

Der Band liefert erstmals eine methodische Darstellung zur Verkehrssicherheit in einem begriffs- und systemtheoretischen Ansatz, der sozial- wie technikwissenschaftliche Perspektiven integriert. Vorgestellt werden Methoden fur die Erforschung und Gestaltung von Verkehrssystemen hinsichtlich der Verkehrssicherheit. Ausgehend von der begrifflichen Analyse stellt der Band Ansatze zur Definition von Verkehrssicherheit vor, erklart anhand dieser Modelle die historische Entwicklung und leitet Prognosen fur die weitere Entwicklung der Verkehrssicherung ab.

Die komplexe Nutzfahrzeugtechnik anschaulich darzustellen ist Ziel dieses Werkes, das aus 9 einzelnen, in sich abgeschlossenen Beiträgen besteht. Kompakt und gut verständlich bietet es den Überblick heutiger Technik im Nutzfahrzeug. Ausgehend von den grundlegenden Anforderungen des Kunden werden die konzeptionsbestimmenden Charakteristika und Systeme in geschlossenen Beiträgen fundiert dargestellt.  Dieser Band Chassis und Achsen erläutert die Grundstruktur des Fahrzeuges, das Chassis, mit seinen Anbauteilen. Federung und Lenkung werden vorgestellt sowie Achsen und Reifen. Der Leser erhält so ein Grundverständnis für den rollenden Unterbau des Nutzfahrzeuges. 

An advanced level introductory book covering fundamental aspects, design and dynamics of electric and hybrid electric vehicles There is significant demand for an understanding of the fundamentals, technologies, and design of electric and hybrid electric vehicles and their components from researchers, engineers, and graduate students. Although there is a good body of work in the literature, there is still a great need for electric and hybrid vehicle teaching materials. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Technologies, Modeling and Control A Mechatronic Approach is based on the authors current research in vehicle systems and will include chapters on vehicle propulsion systems, the fundamentals of vehicle dynamics, EV and HEV technologies, chassis systems, steering control systems, and state, parameter and force estimations. The book is highly illustrated, and examples will be given throughout the book based on real applications and challenges in the automotive industry. * Designed to help a new generation of engineers needing to master the principles of and further advances in hybrid vehicle technology * Includes examples of real applications and challenges in the automotive industry with problems and solutions * Takes a mechatronics approach to the study of electric and hybrid electric vehicles, appealing to mechanical and electrical engineering interests * Responds to the increase in demand of universities offering courses in newer electric vehicle technologies

Das Buch wendet sich an die Spezialisten, Entwickler fur CAD-Anwendungen, sowie an Designer, Konstrukteure und Werkzeugbauer aus den Bereichen Automotive, Maschinenbau sowie Luft- und Raumfahrt, die bei ihren Produkten frei geformte Oberflachen gestalten. Es geht uber die Beschreibung grundlegender Fahigkeiten zur Bedienung von CAD-Systemen weit hinaus. Dazu werden mathematische Grundlagen gut verstandlich vermittelt und deren Einsatz in der Gestaltung, beim Straken der mehrfach gekrummten Flachen, beschrieben. Der CAD-Entwicklungsprozess von der Idee des Designers bis zum Werkzeug fur die Blechumformung im Karosseriebau oder zur Spritzgussform fur den Gebrauchsgegenstand benotigt ein solides Verstandnis der CAD-Technologien, insbesondere bei komplexen Geometrien. Die Kenntnis der Zusammenhange erst ermoglicht qualitativ hochwertige Konstruktionen und Endprodukte unter Ausnutzung aller Moglichkeiten der CAD-Systeme."

Automated vehicles are set to transform the world. Automated driving vehicles are here already and undergoing serious testing in several countries around the world. This book explains the technologies in language that is easy to understand and accessible to all readers. It covers the subject from several angles but in particular shows the links to existing ADAS technologies already in use in all modern vehicles. There is a lot of hype in the media at the moment about autonomous or driverless cars, and while some manufacturers expect to have vehicles available from 2020, they will not soon take over and it will be some time before they are commonplace. However, it is very important to be ready for the huge change of direction that automated driving will take. This is the first book of its type available and complements Tom Denton's other books.

This textbook provides a guide to the fundamental principles of acoustics in a straightforward manner using a solid foundation in mathematics and physics. It is designed for those who are new to acoustics and noise control, and includes all the necessary material for a comprehensive understanding of the topic. It is written in lecture-note style and can be easily adapted to an acoustics-related one semester course at the senior undergraduate or graduate level. The book also serves as a ready reference for the practicing engineer new to the application of acoustic principles arising in product design and fabrication.

Hydropneumatische Federungen realisieren Federung und Dampfung in einem und bieten daher nicht nur dem Fahrzeugbau grosse Vorteile. Umfassend erlautert der Autor ihre Federungs- und Dampfungseigenschaften und vergleicht verschiedene Systeme miteinander. Konstruktionsbeispiele aus der Fahrwerkstechnik illustrieren die Technologie. Plus: zukunftsweisende Entwicklungen, Konstruktionselemente, Sonderfunktionen, Uberblick uber die Niveauregulierung."

This book introduces the Internet access for vehicles as well as novel communication and computing paradigms based on the Internet of vehicles. To enable efficient and reliable Internet connection for mobile vehicle users, this book first introduces analytical modelling methods for the practical vehicle-to-roadside (V2R) Internet access procedure, and employ the interworking of V2R and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) to improve the network performance for a variety of automotive applications. In addition, the wireless link performance between a vehicle and an Internet access station is investigated, and a machine learning based algorithm is proposed to improve the link throughout by selecting an efficient modulation and coding scheme. This book also investigates the distributed machine learning algorithms over the Internet access of vehicles. A novel broadcasting scheme is designed to intelligently adjust the training users that are involved in the iteration rounds for an asynchronous federated learning scheme, which is shown to greatly improve the training efficiency. This book conducts the fully asynchronous machine learning evaluations among vehicle users that can utilize the opportunistic V2R communication to train machine learning models. Researchers and advanced-level students who focus on vehicular networks, industrial entities for internet of vehicles providers, government agencies target on transportation system and road management will find this book useful as reference. Network device manufacturers and network operators will also want to purchase this book.

Die Lebensdauer von Verzahnungen wird durch Zahnbruch (Zahnfusstragfahigkeit), Grubchenbildung (Zahnflankentragfahigkeit) oder Verschleiss (Fresstragfahigkeit) be- grenzt. Die jeweiligen Festigkeiten sind dabei bestimmt durch die Beanspruchung, die Geometrie der Verzahnung sowie durch die gewahlten Werkstoffe. In DIN 3990 [7/11 werden zur Berechnung der Tragfahigkeit funf Verfahren (A, B, C, D, E) darge- stellt. Die folgenden Ausfuhrungen beschranken sich ausschliesslich auf Verfahren B, das fur die numerische Berechnung besonders geeignet ist. Grundlage der Tragfahigkeitsberechnung von Gerad- und Schragstirnradern bilden Berechnungsmethoden nach DIN 3990 [7/1] . Nach dieser Norm umfasst die vollstan- dige Tragfahigkeitsberechnung einer Zahnradpaarung die UEberprufung der Zahn- fuss-, Zahnflanken- und Fresstragfahigkeit. Als Belastung des Zahnradpaares wird dabei die statische Nenn-Umfangskraft Ft (am Teilkreis im Stirnschnitt) angesetzt, die direkt aus der vom Zahnpaar ubertragenen Leistung berechnet werden kann. 1) 2M an F - 2P (7.1) t(t) - dt1-w1 = dt1 Um die von innen und aussen auf ein Getriebe wirkenden dynamischen Zusatzkrafte sowie die durch Toleranzen und Verformungen hervorgerufene ungleichmassige Lastver- teilung zu berucksichtigen, werden allgemeine Einflussfaktoren bestimmt. Die mit die- sen Einflussfaktoren und der statischen Umfangskraft Ft ermittelte Belastung geht in der Berechnung der Tragfahigkeit als massgebliche Belastung ein.

Practical Road Safety Auditing 3rd edition, explains the systematic process for checking the safety of new road schemes to comply with the brand new 2014 update to the Road Safety Audit Summary, which includes risk assessment as a potential part of the Road Safety Audit and the need for the professional certification of Road Safety Auditors. Practical Road Safety Auditing ensures that all highways schemes operate as safely as is practicable, by minimising future accident numbers and severity. The book aims to raise awareness of the safety of all road users, and in particular vulnerable road users such as the visually and mobility impaired, cyclists, pedestrians, equestrians, motorcyclists, children and the elderly. The new edition is fully updated and includes new developments in the field such as shared streets and surfaces, reducing street clutter and managed motorways. It is essential reading for Road Safety engineers, auditors and project clients and sponsors involved in the design, construction and maintenance of roads.