DEFINITION AND NOMENCLATURE A Stirling engine is a mechanical device which operates on a closed regenerative thermodynamic cycle with cyclic compression and expansion of the working fluid at different temperature levels. The flow of working fluid is controlled only by the internal volume changes, there are no valves and, overall, there is a net conversion of heat to work or vice-versa. This generalized definition embraces a large family of machines with different functions; characteristics and configurations. It includes both rotary and reciprocating systems utilizing mechanisms of varying complexity. It covers machines capable of operating as a prime mover or power system converting heat supplied at high tempera ture to output work and waste heat at a lower temperature. It also covers work-consuming machines used as refrigerating systems and heat pumps abstracting heat from a low temperature source and delivering this plus the heat equivalent of the work consumed to a higher tem perature. Finally it covers work-consuming devices used as pressure generators compressing a fluid from a low pressure to a higher pres sure. Very similar machines exist which operate on an open regen erative cycle where the flow of working fluid is controlled by valves. For convenience these may be called Ericsson engines but unfortunate ly the distinction is not widely established and regenerative machines of both types are frequently called 'Stirling engines'."

The German Aerospace Research Establishment (DFVLR) has initiated a new series of seminars concerning fundamental problems in applied engineering sciences. These seminars will be devoted to interdisciplinary topics related to the vast variety of DFVLR activities in the fields of fluid mechanics, flight mechanics, guidance and control, materials and struc tures, non-nuclear energetics, communication technology, and remote sensing. The purpose of the series is twofold, namely, to bring modern ideas and techniques to the attention of the DFVLR in order to stimulate internal activi ties, and secondly, to promulgate DFVLR achievements wi thin the international scientific/technical community. To this end, prominent speakers from Germany and other countries will be invited to join in a series of lectures and discussions on certain topics of mutual interest. The first colloquium of this series dealt with the dynamics of nonlinear systems, especially in relation'to its application to fluid mechanics, particularly in transcritical flows. Of special interest are questions concerning the formation of nonlinear three-dimensional structures in classical fluid mechanical stability problems, the physical process of transition to turbulence, and the appearance of chaotic solutions. The scope of lectures reaches from self-organization in physical systems to structural stability of three-dimensional vortex patterns, the treatment of dissipative and conservative systems, the formation of nonlinear structures in the region of laminar-turbulent transition, and numerical simulation of cumulus cloud convection in meteorology. The seminar should provide an insight into the extent to which theoretical findings in Non linear Dynamics apply to the comprehension of fluid-mechanical problems."

Organized by Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DFVLR)

The use of catalytic converters for the purification of automotive exhaust gases is a relatively new technology which was brought into existence by social pressures for the preservation of acceptable environmental conditions. The majority of catalytic practitioners have been able to watch the growth of this technology from its inception to its current state of sophistication. Automotive catalytic converter technology is now in a mature state, and this chapter from Vol. 5 Catalysis: Science and Technology by Dr. K. C. Taylor provides a review which covers both the process chemistry and the most important converter design factors. Contents 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Emission Regulations in the United States. 3. Exhaust Emission Characteristics. . 3 4. 1981 Emission Control Technology. 5 A. Converters. . . 5 B. Control System. 7 8 ~. Catalyst Screening . 6. Laboratory Testing. .10 7. The Chemical Reactions 13 8. Composition of Three-Way Catalysts. 16 A. Rhodium 17 21 B. Platinum. C. Palladium 22 D. Iridium . 22 23 E. Ruthenium and Nickel. F. Cerium Oxide ..... 23 G. Search for Alternatives to Nohle Metals 24 9. Catalyst Supports . 25 A. Pellets .... 26 B. Monoliths . . 26 10. The Transient Behavior of Three-Way Catalysts 27 II. Deterioration of Three-Way Catalysts. 35 A. Thermal Effects. . . . 35 B. Phosphorus Poisoning. . . 37 C. Lead Poisoning. . . . . . * 38 D. Catalyst Poisoning by Sulfur * 40 12. The 0.4 NO,; Research Objective. * 41 13. Control of Diesel Particulate Emissions.

Rural Road Engineering in Developing Countries provides a comprehensive coverage of the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of rural roads in developing countries and emerging nations. It covers a wide range of technical and non-technical problems that may confront road engineers working in the developing world, focusing on rural roads which provide important links from villages and farms to markets and offer the public access to health, education, and other services essential for sustainable development. Most textbooks on road engineering are based on experience in industrialised countries with temperate climates or deal only with specific issues, with many aspects of the design and construction of roads in developing regions stemming from inappropriate research undertaken in Europe and the USA. These approaches are frequently unsuitable and unsustainable for rural road network environments, particularly in low to middle income countries. This book takes on board a more recent research and application focus on rural roads, integrating it for a broad range of readers to access current information on good practice for sustainable road engineering in developing countries. The book particularly suits transportation engineers, development professionals, and graduate students in civil engineering.

Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress are selected from nearly 2,000 papers submitted to the 34th FISITA World Automotive Congress, which is held by Society of Automotive Engineers of China (SAE-China ) and the International Federation of Automotive Engineering Societies (FISITA). This proceedings focus on solutions for sustainable mobility in all areas of passenger car, truck and bus transportation. Volume 12: Intelligent Transport System (ITS)& Internet of Vehicles focuses on: *Driver Assistance System *V2X Communication Technology *Telematics and Navigation Systems *Eco Driving Technology *Harmonization and Regulation of ITS Systems Above all researchers, professional engineers and graduates in fields of automotive engineering, mechanical engineering and electronic engineering will benefit from this book. SAE-China is a national academic organization composed of enterprises and professionals who focus on research, design and education in the fields of automotive and related industries. FISITA is the umbrella organization for the national automotive societies in 37 countries around the world. It was founded in Paris in 1948 with the purpose of bringing engineers from around the world together in a spirit of cooperation to share ideas and advance the technological development of the automobile.

Im Jahre 1936 baute TOYOTA sein erstes Auto. 2004 war Toyota mit einem Borsenwert von ca. 120 Milliarden Dollar das hochst bewertete Automobilunternehmen der Welt - dies entspricht dem Wert der gesamten deutschen Automobilindustrie (BMW, DaimlerChrysler, Porsche, Volkswagen) - mit der hochsten Produktivitat und dem hochsten Gewinn. TOYOTA wird in zahlreichen Reports als die "most admired company" aufgefuhrt. Diese beispiellose Entwicklung wirft Fragen auf: Warum ist TOYOTA so erfolgreich? Was macht TOYOTA anders als andere Automobilunternehmen? Der Autor, selbst viele Jahre in der Automobilindustrie tatig, argumentiert uberzeugend, dass der Erfolg von TOYOTA in der Unternehmenskultur begrundet ist. Eine konsequente Beachtung ethischer Normen, die man hierzulande als preussische Tugenden bezeichnen wurde, ist Schlussel zum phanomenalen Erfolg TOYOTAs. Ein "Muss" fur jeden Automanager und fur alle, die sich fur die Erfolgsmechanismen in dieser Industrie interessieren."

Der Band liefert erstmals eine methodische Darstellung zur Verkehrssicherheit in einem begriffs- und systemtheoretischen Ansatz, der sozial- wie technikwissenschaftliche Perspektiven integriert. Vorgestellt werden Methoden fur die Erforschung und Gestaltung von Verkehrssystemen hinsichtlich der Verkehrssicherheit. Ausgehend von der begrifflichen Analyse stellt der Band Ansatze zur Definition von Verkehrssicherheit vor, erklart anhand dieser Modelle die historische Entwicklung und leitet Prognosen fur die weitere Entwicklung der Verkehrssicherung ab.

Eco-driving has the potential to save fuel and reduce emissions without having to make any changes to vehicles or road infrastructure. This book provides an in-depth understanding of the contemporary issues in the human factors aspects of eco-driving strategies and interfaces and the effects on driver behaviour. A review of the literature concerning design, behaviour, and energy use led to an exploration of Ecological Interface Design, and the Skills, Rules, and Knowledge (SRK) taxonomy of human behaviour, particularly with regard to haptic information presented through the accelerator pedal. This book explains that eco-driving can be performed by anyone in control of a vehicle.

The 2016 International Conference on Automotive Engineering, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (AEMEE 2016) was held December 9-11, 2016 in Hong Kong, China. AEMEE 2016 was a platform for presenting excellent results and new challenges facing the fields of automotive, mechanical and electrical engineering. Automotive, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering brings together a wide range of contributions from industry and governmental experts and academics, experienced in engineering, design and research. Papers have been categorized under the following headings: Automotive Engineering and Rail Transit Engineering. Mechanical, Manufacturing, Process Engineering. Network, Communications and Applied Information Technologies. Technologies in Energy and Power, Cell, Engines, Generators, Electric Vehicles. System Test and Diagnosis, Monitoring and Identification, Video and Image Processing. Applied and Computational Mathematics, Methods, Algorithms and Optimization. Technologies in Electrical and Electronic, Control and Automation. Industrial Production, Manufacturing, Management and Logistics.

Die komplexe Nutzfahrzeugtechnik anschaulich darzustellen ist Ziel dieses Werkes, das aus 9 einzelnen, in sich abgeschlossenen Beiträgen besteht. Kompakt und gut verständlich bietet es den Überblick heutiger Technik im Nutzfahrzeug. Ausgehend von den grundlegenden Anforderungen des Kunden werden die konzeptionsbestimmenden Charakteristika und Systeme in geschlossenen Beiträgen fundiert dargestellt.  Dieser Band Chassis und Achsen erläutert die Grundstruktur des Fahrzeuges, das Chassis, mit seinen Anbauteilen. Federung und Lenkung werden vorgestellt sowie Achsen und Reifen. Der Leser erhält so ein Grundverständnis für den rollenden Unterbau des Nutzfahrzeuges. 

Hydropneumatische Federungen realisieren Federung und Dampfung in einem und bieten daher nicht nur dem Fahrzeugbau grosse Vorteile. Umfassend erlautert der Autor ihre Federungs- und Dampfungseigenschaften und vergleicht verschiedene Systeme miteinander. Konstruktionsbeispiele aus der Fahrwerkstechnik illustrieren die Technologie. Plus: zukunftsweisende Entwicklungen, Konstruktionselemente, Sonderfunktionen, Uberblick uber die Niveauregulierung."

This text identifies and discusses different technology innovation initiatives (TIIs) such as entrepreneurial capability, technology infrastructure capability, organizational culture and climate, and government initiatives. It further evaluates the relationship between various technology innovation initiatives and manufacturing performances using multi-criteria decision-making techniques such as fuzzy set theory (FST), structural equation modeling (SEM), and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in the field of industrial engineering, manufacturing engineering, mechanical engineering, automotive engineering. This book: * Discusses technology innovation initiatives such as entrepreneurial capability, technology infrastructure capability, and organizational culture. * Highlights technology innovation-strategy model in assisting manufacturing industries for enhancing their performance in today's competitive environment. * Examines the effect of technology innovation initiatives on the performance of manufacturing industries. * Covers multi-criteria decision-making techniques such as fuzzy set theory, structural equation modeling, and analytic hierarchy process. * Explores the validation of fuzzy-based technology innovation model through structural equation modeling.

The book comprehensively discusses principles, techniques, research activities, applications and case studies of computer-aided design in a single volume. The textbook will serve as ideal study material for undergraduate, and graduate students in a multitude of engineering disciplines. The book * Discusses techniques for wireframe, surface and solid modelling including practical cases and limitations. * Each chapter contains solved examples and unsolved exercises. * Includes research case studies and practical examples in enabling the user to link academic theory to engineering practice. * Highlights the ability to convert graphic to non-graphic information such as in drawing up bills of materials in practice. * Discusses important topics including constructive solid geometry, Boolean operations on solid primitives and Boolean algebra. This text covers different aspects of computer-aided design, from the basic two-dimensional constructions through modifications, use of layers and dimensioning to advanced aspects such as three-dimensional modelling and customization of the package to suit different applications and disciplines. It further discusses important concepts including orthographic projections, isometric projections, 3D wireframe modelling, 3D surface modelling, solids of extrusion and solids of revolution. It will serve as ideal study material for undergraduate, and graduate students in the fields of mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, civil and construction engineering, aerospace engineering and manufacturing engineering.

1) Presents fundamental concepts including mechanism kinematics, synthesis, statics and dynamics 2) Focuses on analytical and computer-based quantitative methods 3) Provides a guide to MATLAB and Simscape Multibody suitable for those with no experience 4) Provides an extensive library of MATLAB and Simscape Multibody files to directly apply the equations and methods presented in each chapter

Die Lebensdauer von Verzahnungen wird durch Zahnbruch (Zahnfusstragfahigkeit), Grubchenbildung (Zahnflankentragfahigkeit) oder Verschleiss (Fresstragfahigkeit) be- grenzt. Die jeweiligen Festigkeiten sind dabei bestimmt durch die Beanspruchung, die Geometrie der Verzahnung sowie durch die gewahlten Werkstoffe. In DIN 3990 [7/11 werden zur Berechnung der Tragfahigkeit funf Verfahren (A, B, C, D, E) darge- stellt. Die folgenden Ausfuhrungen beschranken sich ausschliesslich auf Verfahren B, das fur die numerische Berechnung besonders geeignet ist. Grundlage der Tragfahigkeitsberechnung von Gerad- und Schragstirnradern bilden Berechnungsmethoden nach DIN 3990 [7/1] . Nach dieser Norm umfasst die vollstan- dige Tragfahigkeitsberechnung einer Zahnradpaarung die UEberprufung der Zahn- fuss-, Zahnflanken- und Fresstragfahigkeit. Als Belastung des Zahnradpaares wird dabei die statische Nenn-Umfangskraft Ft (am Teilkreis im Stirnschnitt) angesetzt, die direkt aus der vom Zahnpaar ubertragenen Leistung berechnet werden kann. 1) 2M an F - 2P (7.1) t(t) - dt1-w1 = dt1 Um die von innen und aussen auf ein Getriebe wirkenden dynamischen Zusatzkrafte sowie die durch Toleranzen und Verformungen hervorgerufene ungleichmassige Lastver- teilung zu berucksichtigen, werden allgemeine Einflussfaktoren bestimmt. Die mit die- sen Einflussfaktoren und der statischen Umfangskraft Ft ermittelte Belastung geht in der Berechnung der Tragfahigkeit als massgebliche Belastung ein.

The book provides easy interpretable explanations for the key technologies involved in Electric Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles. The authors discuss the various electrical machines, drives, and controls used in EV and HEV. The book provides a detailed coverage of Regenerative Braking Systems used in EV and HEV. The book also illustrates the battery technology and battery management systems in EV and HEV. This book is intended for academicians, researchers and industrialists. In addition, this book has the following features Discusses the various Economic and Environmental Impact of Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles Discusses the role of Artificial Intelligence in Electric / Hybrid Electric Vehicles Illustrates the concept of Vehicle to Grid Technology and the smart charging station infrastructure and issues involved in the same Elucidates the concept of Internet of Vehicles Presents the latest research and applications in alternate energy vehicles

This book highlights the challenges of using hydrogen as a fuel for sustainable transportation including introduction of various hydrogen storage technologies, storage requirement for fuel cell vehicles, compressed hydrogen storage system, and refueling analysis with thermal management. Furthermore, thermodynamics and kinetics involved during refuelling, heat transfer issues in storage tank and effect of severe operating conditions on structure of storage tank under SAEJ2601 refueling conditions are discussed in detail. Features: Covers design and analysis of on-board storage/tank for compressed hydrogen in fuel-cell vehicle applications. Discuss heat transfer issues and effect of severe operating conditions on structure of storage the tank. Includes the structural analysis of composite storage tank. Provides assessment on refueling process of compressed hydrogen storage system and novel refueling process. Deals with thermodynamic and kinetic involved during refueling as per SAEJ2601. This book aims at researchers, professionals, and graduate students in automotive engineering, energy and power, materials, and chemical engineering.

Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology, Fourth Edition, provides a complete text and reference to the design, construction and operation of the many and varied components of modern motor vehicles, including the knowledge needed to service and repair them. This book provides incomparable coverage of both cars and heavier vehicles, featuring over 1000 illustrations.
This new edition has been brought fully up to date with modern practices and designs, whilst maintaining the information needed to deal with older vehicles. Two entirely new sections of the book provide a topical introduction to alternative power sources and fuels, and battery-electric, hybrid and fuel-cell vehicles. More information on the latest developments in fuel injection, diesel engines and transmissions has also been added. An expanded list of technical abbreviations now contains over 200 entries - a useful resource for professional technicians in their day-to-day work.
This book is an essential textbook for all students of automotive engineering, particularly on IMI / C&G 4000 series and BTEC courses and provides all the underpinning knowledge required for NVQs to level 3. By bridging the gap between basic and more advanced treatments of the subject, it also acts as a useful source of information for experienced technicians and technically minded motorists, and will help them to improve their knowledge and skills.
-Incomparable breadth and depth of coverage, with over 1000 illustrations
-The core book for all students of automotive engineering up to level 3
-This new edition covers the latest developments in alternative power sources and fuels, diesel systems and transmissions

Kanalnetzuberlastungen, Grundwasserabsenkungen und Hochwasserspitzen sind nur einige negative Auswirkungen der Versiegelung auf den naturlichen Wasserhaushalt. Gerade die neueren Entwicklungen hinsichtlich der Neufassung von Bodenschutzgesetzgebung, Landeswassergesetzen und kommunalen Abwassersatzungen zur Foerderung des schonenden Umgangs mit Boden und Wasser lassen die Bedeutung von oekologischen Bauweisen immer wichtiger erscheinen. Der Einsatz versickerungsfahiger Verkehrsflachenbefestigungen ist hierbei ein zunehmend unentbehrlicher Baustein, um Regenwasser wieder naturnah zu bewirtschaften und damit die weitreichenden Folgen der Versiegelung zu verringern. Beim Einsatz versickerungsfahiger Befestigungssysteme sollen aufgrund ihrer Konstruktion Niederschlage direkt auf der Flache aufgenommen und somit durch verringerte Oberflachenabflusse die Kanalisation entlastet und die Versiegelung vermindert werden.

The story of America's first government-sponsored highway. The National Road was the first major improved highway in the United States built by the federal government. Built between 1811 and 1837, this 620-mile road connected the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and was the main avenue to the West. Roger Pickenpaugh's comprehensive account is based on detailed archival research into documents that few scholars have examined, including sources from the National Archives, and details the promotion, construction, and use of this crucially important thoroughfare.America's First Interstate looks at the road from the perspective of westward expansion, stagecoach travel, freight hauling, livestock herding, and politics of construction as the project goes through changing presidential administrations. Pickenpaugh also describes how states assumed control of the road once the US government chose to abandon it, including the charging of tolls. His data-mining approach—revealing technical details, contracting procedures, lawsuits, charges and countercharges, local accounts of travel, and services along the road—provides a wealth of information for scholars to more critically consider the cultural and historical context of the Road's construction and use. While most of America's First Interstate covers the early days during the era of stagecoach and wagon traffic, the story continues to the decline of the road as railroads became prominent, its rebirth as US Route 40 during the automobile age, and its status in the present day.

Electric drive vehicles (EDVs) are seen on American roads in increasing numbers. Related to this market trend and critical for it to increase are improvements in battery technology. Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles examines in detail at the research support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for the development of nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries used in EDVs. With public support comes accountability of the social outcomes associated with public investments. The book overviews DOE investments in advanced battery technology, documents the adoption of these batteries in EDVs on the road, and calculates the economic benefits associated with these improved technologies. It provides a detailed global evaluation of the net social benefits associated with DOEs investments, the results of the benefit-to-cost ratio of over 3.6-to-1, and the life-cycle approach that allows adopted EDVs to remain on the road over their expected future life, thus generating economic and environmental health benefits into the future.