The great bulk of the literature on aeroelasticity is devoted to linear models. The oretical work relies heavily on linear mathematical concepts, and experimental results are commonly interpreted by assuming that the physical model behaves in a linear manner. Nevertheless, significant work has been done in nonlinear aero elasticity, and one may expect this trend to accelerate for several reasons: our ability to compute has increased at an astonishing rate; as linear concepts have been assimilated widely, there is a natural increase in interest in the foundations of nonlinear modeling; and, finally, some phenomena long recognized to be of interest, but beyond the effective range of linear models, are now known to be essentially nonlinear in nature. In this volume, an exhaustive review of the literature is not attempted. Rather the emphasis is on fundamental ideas and a representative selection of problems. Despite obvious successes in research on problems of aeroelasticity and the existence of a broad literature, including a number of excellent monographs, up to now little attention has been devoted to a general nonlinear theory of interac tion. For the most part nonlinearity has been considered either solely in the description of the behavior of a shell or in the description of the motion of a gas."

T~~botogy and Vynam~c~ a~e u6uatty con6~de~ed a~ 6epa~ate 6ubject6. Acco~d~ngty, ~e6ea~che~6 ~n th06e two 6~etd6 6etdom meet, de6p~te, the 6act that the~e ~6 a con~~de~a- bie ove~tap 06 ~nte~e~t~ namety when deat~ng w~th ~otat~ng mach~ne~y cond~t~on mon~to~~ng. Rotat~ng mach~ne~ a~e u~ed ~n atmo~t eve~y ~ndu~t~~at appt~cat~on namety m~t~ta~y, powe~ gene~at~on, chem~cat , 600d p~oce6~~ng, etc. Any powe~ u~e~ o~ gene~at~ng ~y~tem ~6 ba6ed on ~otat~ng mach~ne~ 6uch a~ tu~b~ne~, 6an~, pump6, comp~e~~o~~, etc. mak~ng the ~c~ent~6ic e660~t~ in the 6~etd 06 ~otat~ng mach~ne~y in ~ecent yea~~ wett ju~t~6~ed. Fa~tu~e 06 ~otat~ng component~, due to wea~ andlo~ v~b~a- t~on p~obtem~, ~~ 6t~tt d~66~cutt to p~ed~ct and ~e~utt~ 6~eQuentty 6~om ~nadeQuaxe de~~gn. Thi~ i~ o~iginaxed by ~mpe~6ecx knowtedge 06 the acxuat behav~ou~ 06 xhe ~y~tem~ Ve~pixe xhe p~og~e~~ achieved in xhe 6ietd~ 06 x~ibotogy and dynamic~, a tack 06 communicaxion ctea~ty ~xitl exi~x~ between xh06e ~nvolved in de~ign and developmenx ~n ind- x~y and ~e~ea~ch team~ in un~ve~~ixie6 and othe~ li~hmenx~. B~inging togethe~ x~ibotog~6t~ and dynam~c~6t~ ~n o~de~ xo cont~ibute xo inc~ea6e p~og~e~6 ~n both 6ietd~ wa~ the main object~6 06 the NATO AVVANCEV STUVY INSTITUTE (ASI) on "VIBRATION ANV WEAR VAMAGE IN HIGH SPEW ROTATING MACHINERY" hetd ~n T~oia, Po~xugat, 10xh to 22nd Ap~il 1989, and o~ga- n~zed by CEMUL-Cente~ 06 Mechan~c~ and Maxe~ial~ 06 the Technicat Un~ve~~~ty 06 Li~bon.

In the last decades, a lot of effort has been directed towards manipulation of turbulent boundary layers by passive devices such as external manipulators (thin flat plates or aerofoil section devices embedded in the outer layer) and/or internal manipulators (small streamwise grooves acting directly on the inner region) for the purpose of reducing viscous drag. The former are commonly referred to as LEI3U s or BLADEs and the laHer riblets or grooves. Though the details of the mechanisms are not firmly understood, world-wide experimenta.! data are available and consistent enough in order to assert the potential of such devices for turbulent drag reduction. It should be noted that following on from recent and successful flight tests, the concept of using grooved surfaces is rather close to finding industrial applications. During the last few years, in Europe, there has been considerable interest in lookillg at the behaviour of such passi,'e turbulence manipulators. A lot of intense research, concerning both experimental and theoretical studies. has been carried out in some European research centres. For the last fi\'e years. informal gatherings. called ,.\ \'orking Pi\l'ty i\Ieetings" , have been set up, once a year; the aim of these meetings is not only to bring together European researchers acti,'e in the field of turbulent drag reduction by passi"e means and to hear about recent de\'c!opments but also to o u t1 ine sui tit ble directions for future research or collaborative programmes.

This book provides a step-by-step procedure for formulation and development of Artificial Neural Networks based Vehicular pollution models. It takes into account meteorological and traffic aspects. The book will be useful for professionals and researchers working in problems associated with urban air pollution management and control

This book shows readers new ways to compensate for disturbances in control systems prolonging the intervals between time-consuming and/or expensive fault diagnosis procedures, keeping them up to date in the increasingly important field of adaptive control.

This is the first ever book that provides a comprehensive coverage of automotive control systems. The presentation of dynamic models in the text is also unique. The dynamic models are tractable while retaining the level of richness that is necessary for control system design. Much of the mateiral in the book is not available in any other text.

Large Eddy Simulation is a relatively new and still evolving computatio nal strategy for predicting turbulent flows. It is now widely used in research to elucidate fundamental interactions in physics of turbulence, to predict phe nomena which are closely linked to the unsteady features of turbulence and to create data bases against which statistical closure models can be asses sed. However, its applicability to complex industrial flows, to which statisti cal models are applied routinely, has not been established with any degree of confidence. There is, in particular, a question mark against the prospect of LES becoming an economically tenable alternative to Reynolds-averaged N avier-Stokes methods at practically high Reynolds numbers and in complex geometries. Aerospace flows pose particularly challenging problems to LES, because of the high Reynolds numbers involved, the need to resolve accura tely small-scale features in the thin and often transitional boundary layers developing on aerodynamic surfaces. When the flow also contains a separated region - due to high incidence, say - the range and disparity of the influen tial scales to be resolved is enormous, and this substantially aggravates the problems of resolution and cost. It is just this combination of circumstances that has been at the heart of the project LESFOIL to which this book is devoted. The project combined the efforts, resources and expertise of 9 partner organisations, 4 universities, 3 industrial companies and 2 research institu tes."

The 3rd edition of this practical, hands-on book discusses the range of launch vehicles in use today throughout the world, and includes the very latest details of some of the advanced propulsion systems currently being developed. The author covers the fundamentals of the subject, from the basic principles of rocket propulsion and vehicle dynamics through the theory and practice of liquid and solid propellant motors, to new and future developments. The didactic value of the early chapters on the basics of rocket propulsion, by re-working the derivations and updating the examples will be enhanced.

The 3rd edition will stick to the same principle of providing a serious exposition of the principles and practice of rocket propulsion, but from the point of view of the user and enquirer who is not an engineering specialist. Most chapters will remain substantially the same as the second edition; they will be updated where necessary and errata corrected. In particular the new chapters added for the second edition, on Electric and Nuclear propulsion will remain substantially the same.

In addition to general revision, updating and the correction of errata on all chapters, this updated edition will detail a number of new developments in the field Chapter 3 on Liquid propellant rocket engines will have new sections on air breathing engines and on new engines and propellants for the human exploration program. Chapter 8 will now de-emphasize the SSTO concepts, not longer seen as promising, and include new sections on variable thrust engines, again for human exploration. Other new developments following the announcement and subsequent development of NASA s new man-rated launcher, the ARES, and its Constellation vehicle set. Also covered will be sub-orbital space tourist vehicles and the new rocket engines, which have been developed for them. A new chapter on man-rated launchers and their important characteristics will detail this. New interest in Lunar exploration and the need to supply Lunar bases exposes the requirement for high efficiency engines for Lunar transportation and storage of high energy propellants like liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. New engines designed for in-space transportation and Lunar landing and departure will be added to the relevant chapters."

Since the education of aeronautical engineers at Delft University of Technology started in 1940 under tae inspiring leadership of Professor H.J. van der Maas, much emphasis has been placed on the design of aircraft as part of the student's curriculum. Not only is aircraft design an optional subject for thesis work, but every aeronautical student has to carry out a preliminary airplane design in the course of his study. The main purpose of this preliminary design work is to enable the student to synthesize the knowledge ob tained separately in courses on aerodynamics, aircraft performances, stability and con trol, aircraft structures, etc. The student's exercises in preliminary design have been directed through the years by a number of staff members of the Department of Aerospace Engineering in Delft. The author of this book, Mr. E. Torenbeek, has made a large contribution to this part of the study programme for many years. Not only has he acquired vast experience in teaching airplane design at university level, but he has also been deeply involved in design-oriented re search, e.g. developing rational design methods and systematizing design information. I am very pleased that this wealth of experience, methods and data is now presented in this book."

Every one relies on some kind of transportation system nearly every day. Go ing to work, shopping, dropping children at school and many other cultural or social activities imply leaving home, and using some form of transportation, which we expect tobe eflicient and reliable. Of course, efliciency and reliabil ity do not occur by chance, but require careful and often relatively complex planning by transportation system managers, both in the public and private sectors. It has long been recognized that mathematics, and, more specifically, op erations research is an important tool of this planning process. However, the range of skills required to cover both fields, even partially, is very large, and the opportunities to gather people with this very diverse expertise are too few. The organization of the NATO Advanced Studies Institute on "Opera tions Research and Decision Aid Methodologies in Traflic and Transportation Management" in March 1997 in Balatonfured, Hungary, was therefore more than welcome and the group of people that gathered for a very studious two weeks on the shores of the beautiful lake Balaton did really enjoy the truly multidisciplinary and high scientific level of the meeting. The purpose of the present volume is to report, in a chronological order, the various questions that were considered by the lecturers and the' students at the institute. After a general introduction to the topic, the first week focused on issues related to traflic modeling, mostly in an urban context."

The mono graph contains 8 chapters, and their contents cover all principal aspects of the problem: 1. Introduction and brief his tory ofthe radiation problem and background information ofradiation hazard in the near-Earth and interplanetary space. 2. General description of radiation conditions and main sources of charged partic1es in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, effects of space environment on spacecraft. 3. Basic information about physical conditions in space and main sources of charged particles in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, in the context of "Space W eather" monitoring and prediction. 4. Trapped radiation belts of the Earth (ERB): theory of their origin, spatial and temporal dynamics, and experimental and statistical models. 5. Galactic cosmic rays (GCR): variations of energetic, temporal and spatial characteristics, long-term modulation, and anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) component, modeling oftheir dynamics. 6. Production of energetic particles (SEPs) at/ne ar the Sun: available databases, acceleration, propagation, and prediction of individual SEP event, statistical models of solar cosmic rays (SCR). 7. Existing empirical techniques of estimating, prediction and modeling of radiation hazard, methodical approaches and constraints, some questions of changes in the Earth's radiation environment due to changes of the solar activity level. 8. Unresolved problems of radiation hazard prediction and spacecraft protection, radiation experiments on board the spacecraft, estimating of radiation conditions during interplanetary missions. Space does not allow us to explain every time the solar-terrestrial and radiation physics nomencIature used in current English-language literature.

Mobility is a prime need of mankind. It is the basis not only of economical and technical but also of cultural progress. Many questions arise with respect to the development and the problems of mobility in the 21st century. This book presents the results elaborated by a project team consisting of students of the "Bayrische Elite-Akademie." They applied themselves to four main topics: - Bimodal transport system. - Mobility and transport in agglomoration areas. - Analogies of physical and virtual traffic. - How communication technologies influence the future of mobility. The book is of interest to both the industrial and the acadamic community and can also be used by students. It is directed at the group of people interested in future traffic policy in general and in traffic engineering in particular.

This crucial volume arose out of the success of the first workshop of the Cyprus Institute held in 2005. The proceedings present an overview of the implications of climate change for the eastern Mediterranean and the impact of climate change response on regional economic activity, particularly in the hydrocarbon industry. This book is aimed not just at scientists and researchers but should command a much wider audience, including policy makers and politicians.

A new discipline is said to attain maturity when the subject matter takes the shape of a textbook. Several textbooks later, the discipline tends to acquire a firm place in the curriculum for teaching and learning. Computer Aided Engineering Design (CAED), barely three decades old, is interdisciplinary in nature whose boundaries are still expanding. However, it draws its core strength from several acknowledged and diverse areas such as computer graphics, differential geometry, Boolean algebra, computational geometry, topological spaces, numerical analysis, mechanics of solids, engineering design and a few others. CAED also needs to show its strong linkages with Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM). As is true with any growing discipline, the literature is widespread in research journals, edited books, and conference proceedings. Various textbooks have appeared with different biases, like geometric modeling, computer graphics, and CAD/CAM over the last decade. This book goes into mathematical foundations and the core subjects of CAED without allowing itself to be overshadowed by computer graphics. It is written in a logical and thorough manner for use mainly by senior and graduate level students as well as users and developers of CAD software. The book covers (a) The fundamental concepts of geometric modeling so that a real understanding of designing synthetic surfaces and solid modeling can be achieved. (b) A wide spectrum of CAED topics such as CAD of linkages and machine elements, finite element analysis, optimization. (c) Application of these methods to real world problems.

A systematic control of mixture formation with modern high-pressure injection systems enables us to achieve considerable improvements of the combustion pr- ess in terms of reduced fuel consumption and engine-out raw emissions. However, because of the growing number of free parameters due to more flexible injection systems, variable valve trains, the application of different combustion concepts within different regions of the engine map, etc., the prediction of spray and m- ture formation becomes increasingly complex. For this reason, the optimization of the in-cylinder processes using 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) becomes increasingly important. In these CFD codes, the detailed modeling of spray and mixture formation is a prerequisite for the correct calculation of the subsequent processes like ignition, combustion and formation of emissions. Although such simulation tools can be viewed as standard tools today, the predictive quality of the sub-models is c- stantly enhanced by a more accurate and detailed modeling of the relevant pr- esses, and by the inclusion of new important mechanisms and effects that come along with the development of new injection systems and have not been cons- ered so far. In this book the most widely used mathematical models for the simulation of spray and mixture formation in 3D CFD calculations are described and discussed. In order to give the reader an introduction into the complex processes, the book starts with a description of the fundamental mechanisms and categories of fuel - jection, spray break-up, and mixture formation in internal combustion engines.

"Optimal Design of Complex Mechanical Systems" presents the foundations and practical application of multi-objective optimization methods to Vehicle Design Problems with an extensive overview of examples. The first part provides an introduction and a general theoretical information about the optimization of complex mechanical systems and multi-objective optimization methods. Several presented applications such as the global approximation approach are brand new in literature and extensively exposed the first time in this book. The second Part of the book shows some examples of the application of the proposed methods to the solution of real vehicle design problems.

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are at the forefront of advanced materials technology because of their light weight, high strength and toughness, high temperature capabilities, and graceful failure under loading. During the last 25 years, tremendous progress has been made in the development and advancement of CMCs under various research programs funded by the U.S. Government agencies: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Department of Defense (DoD), and Department of Energy (DOE).

Ceramic composites are considered as enabling technology for advanced aeropropulsion, space propulsion, space power, aerospace vehicles, and space structures. CMCs would also find applications in advanced aerojet engines, stationary gas turbines for electrical power generation, heat exchangers, hot gas filters, radiant burners, heat treatment and materials growth furnaces, nuclear fusion reactors, automobiles, biological implants, etc. Other applications of CMCs are as machinery wear parts, cutting and forming tools, valve seals, high precision ball bearings for corrosive environments, and plungers for chemical pumps. Potential applications of various ceramic composites are described in individual chapters of the present handbook.

Handbook of Ceramic Composites is different from the other books available on this topic. Here, a ceramic composite system or a class of composites has been covered in a separate chapter, presenting a detailed description of processing, properties, and applications. Each chapter is written by internationally renowned researchers in the field. The handbook is organized into five sections: Ceramic Fibers, Non-oxide/Non-oxide Composites, Non-oxide/Oxide Composites, Oxide/Oxide Composites, and Glass and Glass-Ceramic Composites.

This handbook should be a valuable source of information for scientists, engineers, and technicians working in the field of CMCs, and also for designers to design parts and components for advanced engines, and various other industrial applications.

The current economic crisis is cutting the automotive sector to the quick. Public authorities worldwide are now faced with requests for providing loans and accepting guarantees and even for putting large automotive companies under state control. Assessing the long-term benefits of such help and wei- ing the needs of different sectors against each other poses a major challenge for the national policies. Given the upcoming change of customer preferences and state regulations towards safety, sustainability and comfort of a car, the automotive industry is particularly called to prove its ability to make nec- sary innovations available in order to accelerate its pace to come out of the crisis. Consequently the Green Car is assuming a prominent role in the current debate. Various power train concepts are currently under discussion for the Green Car including extremely optimised internal combustion engines, hybrid drives and battery-electric traction. Electrical cars are the most appealing option because they are free of local emissions and provide the opportunity to use primary energy from sources other than crude oil for transport. Well to wheel analysis show that their green-house gas emissions can be rated negligibly small if electricity from renewable sources like wind and solar is used.

Presenting the latest research in the control of fuel cell technology, this book will contribute to the commercial viability of the technology. The authors background in automotive technology gives the work added authority as a vital element of future planning.

This volume offers of the EU-funded 5th Framework project, FLOMANIA (Flow Physics Modelling - An Integrated Approach). The book presents an introduction to the project, exhibits partners' methods and approaches, and provides comprehensive reports of all applications treated in the project. A complete chapter is devoted to a description of turbulence models used by the partners together with a section on lessons learned, accompanied by a comprehensive list of references.

This book provides the latest information in intelligent vehicle control and intelligent transportation. Detailed discussions of vehicle dynamics and ground-vehicle interactions are provided for the modeling, simulation and control of vehicles. It includes an extensive review of past and current research achievements in the intelligent vehicle motion control and sensory field, and the book provides a careful assessment of future developments.

This book examines the testing and modeling of materials and structures under dynamic loading conditions. Readers get an in-depth analysis of the current mathematical modeling and simulation tools available for a variety of materials, alongside discussions of the benefits and limitations of these tools in industrial design. Following a logical and well organized structure, this volume uniquely combines experimental procedures with numerical simulation, and provides many examples.

Although huge, Chinese Railways are a bottleneck for economic growth in China. The state-owned enterprise returns a small profit but is severely capacity constrained and burdened with inefficiency. Based on interviews with Chinese experts, benchmarking with railways in the US, Germany, Russia, and Japan as well as broad coverage of Chinese-language sources, the book makes detailed recommendations on how to design a comprehensive turnaround program for Chinese Railways.

Analog Circuit Design contains in total 18 tutorials. They reflect the contributions of 6 experts in each of the three fields covered by the three chapters mentioned in the subtitle, as presented at the 15th workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design (AACD) held in Maastricht, April 2006.

This book is number 15 in this successful series of Analog Circuit Design, providing valuable information and excellent overviews of analog circuit design and related CAD, mainly in the fields of basic analog modules, mixed-signal electronics, AD and DA converters, RF systems, and automotive electronics.

Analog Circuit Design is an essential reference source for analog circuit designers and researchers wishing to keep abreast with the latest developments in the field. The tutorial coverage also makes it suitable for use in an advanced design course.