Today 's embedded devices and sensor networks are becoming more and more sophisticated, requiring more efficient and highly flexible compilers. Engineers are discovering that many of the compilers in use today are ill-suited to meet the demands of more advanced computer architectures. Updated to include the latest techniques, The Compiler Design Handbook, Second Edition offers a unique opportunity for designers and researchers to update their knowledge, refine their skills, and prepare for emerging innovations. The completely revised handbook includes 14 new chapters addressing topics such as worst case execution time estimation, garbage collection, and energy aware compilation. The editors take special care to consider the growing proliferation of embedded devices, as well as the need for efficient techniques to debug faulty code. New contributors provide additional insight to chapters on register allocation, software pipelining, instruction scheduling, and type systems. Written by top researchers and designers from around the world, The Compiler Design Handbook, Second Edition gives designers the opportunity to incorporate and develop innovative techniques for optimization and code generation.

Electronic services networks--systems of terminals and computers linked by telecommunication apparatus and used to process transactions--have had an increasing influence on industrial structures and commercial practices over the past decade. Margaret Guerin-Calvert and Steven Wildman have assembled diverse essays representing the best of current thinking on these networks. The book provides the reader with varied theoretical perspectives on ESNs and their effects on business and finance and contains five case studies that apply these theoretical ideas to issues raised by the proliferation of these networks.

Unlike other works, which have focused on ESNs as features of specific industries, this collection explores the networks themselves as economic phenomena. The contributions are grouped into two parts. The first presents general theoretical perspectives on the economics of various ESNs, their effects on the industries and markets that employ them, and the policy issues they raise. Among the topics discussed are structural relationships among ESNs, their effect on organizational structures, compatibility between shared networks, and competitive search facilitation. In Part II, the contributors offer a detailed look at the economic policy histories of ESNs in specific industries, including banking, real estate, airlines, and travel. There are discussions of automatic teller machines, computer reservation systems, multiple-listing services, and electronic data interchange. These studies demonstrate the incredible variety of applications of ESN technology and make this an indispensable resource for professionals in all types of businesses that use or could use ESNs, as well as for students in a wide range of law, business, and public policy courses.

Computers that program themselves' has long been an aim of computer scientists. Recently genetic programming (GP) has started to show its promise by automatically evolving programs. Indeed in a small number of problems GP has evolved programs whose performance is similar to or even slightly better than that of programs written by people. The main thrust of GP has been to automatically create functions. While these can be of great use they contain no memory and relatively little work has addressed automatic creation of program code including stored data. This issue is the main focus of Genetic Programming, and Data Structures: Genetic Programming + Data Structures = Automatic Programming!. This book is motivated by the observation from software engineering that data abstraction (e.g., via abstract data types) is essential in programs created by human programmers. This book shows that abstract data types can be similarly beneficial to the automatic production of programs using GP. Genetic Programming and Data Structures: Genetic Programming + Data Structures = Automatic Programming! shows how abstract data types (stacks, queues and lists) can be evolved using genetic programming, demonstrates how GP can evolve general programs which solve the nested brackets problem, recognises a Dyck context free language, and implements a simple four function calculator. In these cases, an appropriate data structure is beneficial compared to simple indexed memory. This book also includes a survey of GP, with a critical review of experiments with evolving memory, and reports investigations of real world electrical network maintenance scheduling problems that demonstrate that Genetic Algorithms can findlow cost viable solutions to such problems. Genetic Programming and Data Structures: Genetic Programming + Data Structures = Automatic Programming! should be of direct interest to computer scientists doing research on genetic programming, genetic algorithms, data structures, and artificial intelligence. In addition, this book will be of interest to practitioners working in all of these areas and to those interested in automatic programming.

Virtual Interaction: Interaction in Virtual Inhabited 3D Worlds answers the basic research questions involved in the development of user-friendly interfaces, such as:
* How does one navigate in and with a virtual inhabited three-dimensional world?
* How can the virtual world and the interface be part of the same world?
* How can the use of these interfaces be supported by implicit narrative structures?
* How can the autonomous agents function as assistants to the end-user?
* How can the current--what you see is what you get--be replaced by What you want is what you get:?
Containing the edited research papers resulting from an ambitious, cross-disciplinary research project, this volume examines the core activity of interfaces: interaction. It takes the reader all the way from general theories and conceptualizations of interaction aspects of virtual inhabited 3D worlds, through theories of and methods for the design of autonomous agents, ending in specific design methodology considerations and suggestions for management in the multimedia industry.

The object oriented paradigm has become one of the dominant forces in the computing world. According to a recent survey, by the year 2000, more than 80% of development organizations are expected to use object technology as the basis for their distributed development strategies.
Handbook of Object Technology encompasses the entire spectrum of disciplines and topics related to this rapidly expanding field - outlining emerging technologies, latest advances, current trends, new specifications, and ongoing research.
The handbook divides into 13 sections, each containing chapters related to that specific discipline. Up-to-date, non-abstract information provides the reader with practical, useful knowledge - directly applicable to the understanding and improvement of the reader's job or the area of interest related to this technology.
Handbook of Object Technology discusses:
o the processes, notation, and tools for classical OO methodologies as well as information on future methodologies
o prevalent and emerging OO languages
o standards and specifications
o frameworks and patterns
o databases
o metrics
o business objects
o intranets
o analysis/design tools
o client/server application development environments

The book describes state-of-the-art advances in simulators and emulators for quantum computing. It introduces the main concepts of quantum computing, defining q-bits, explaining the parallelism behind any quantum computation, describing measurement of the quantum state of information and explaining the process of quantum bit entanglement, collapsed state and cloning. The book reviews the concept of quantum unitary, binary and ternary quantum operators as well as the computation implied by each operator. It provides details of the quantum processor, providing its architecture, which is validated via execution simulation of some quantum instructions.

Fast, Efficient and Predictable Memory Accesses presents techniques for designing fast, energy-efficient and timing predictable memory systems. By using a careful combination of compiler optimizations and architectural improvements, we can achieve more than what would be feasible at one of the levels in isolation. The described optimization algorithms achieve the goals of high performance and low energy consumption. In addition to these benefits, the use of scratchpad memories significantly improves the timing predictability of the entire system, leading to tighter worst case execution time bounds (WCET). The WCET is a relevant design parameter for all timing critical systems. In addition, the book covers algorithms to exploit the power down modes of main memories in SDRAM technology, as well as the execute-in-place feature of Flash memories. The final chapter considers the impact of the register file, which is also part of the memory hierarchy.

This book gathers the latest experience of experts, research teams and leading organizations involved in computer-aided design of user interfaces of interactive applications. This area investigates how it is desirable and possible to support, to facilitate and to speed up the development life cycle of any interactive system: requirements engineering, early-stage design, detailed design, development, deployment, evaluation and maintenance. In particular, it stresses how the design activity could be better understood for different types of advanced interactive systems such as context-aware systems, multimodal applications, multi-platform systems, pervasive computing, ubiquitous computing and multi-device environments.

ITIL(R) 4 Direct, Plan and ImproveIf you've achieved your ITIL(R) 4 Foundation certificate, you're probably planning the next stage in your ITIL journey and which qualification to work towards. DPI provides essential knowledge and capabilities for service management professionals, supporting those involved in directing or planning based on strategy and continual improvement - a must-have skillset practitioners should seek beyond Foundation level. DPI is the only one of the ITIL 4 advanced level courses that leads to both Managing Professional (MP) and Strategic Leader (SL) status. The module is aimed at managers and aspiring managers at all levels, providing them with the practical skills needed to improve themselves and their organisation by way of effective strategic direction and delivering continual improvement. An excellent supplement to any training courseITIL(R) 4 Direct, Plan and Improve (DPI) - Your companion to the ITIL 4 Managing Professional and Strategic Leader DPI certification is a study guide designed to help students pass the ITIL(R) 4 Direct, Plan and Improve module. The majority of this book is based on the AXELOS ITIL(R) 4: Direct, Plan and Improve publication and the associated DPI Strategist syllabus. It provides students with the information they need to pass the DPI exam, and help them become a successful practitioner. Suitable for existing ITIL v3 experts, ITIL 4 Managing Professional (MP) students, ITSM (IT service management) practitioners who are adopting ITIL 4, approved training organisations, IT service managers, IT managers and those in IT support roles, the book covers: Key concepts: Scope, key principles and methods; The role of governance, risk and compliance; Continual improvement; Organisational change management; Measurement and reporting; Value streams and practices; and Exam preparation. A useful tool throughout your careerIn addition to being an essential study aid, the author - a seasoned ITSM professional - also provides additional guidance throughout the book which you can lean on once your training and exam are over. The book includes her own practical experience from which she gives advice and points to think about along the way so that you can refer back to this book for years to come - long after you've passed your exam. The essential link between your ITIL qualification and the real world - buy this book today!ITIL(R) is a registered trade mark of AXELOS Limited. All rights reserved. This book is an official AXELOS licensed product.

Parallel to the growth of computer usage in society is the growth of programming instruction in schools. This informative volume unites a wide range of perspectives on the study of novice programmers that will not only inform readers of empirical findings, but will also provide insights into how novices reason and solve problems within complex domains. The large variety of methodologies found in these studies helps to improve programming instruction and makes this an invaluable reference for researchers planning studies of their own. Topics discussed include historical perspectives, transfer, learning, bugs, and programming environments.

With this book, Christopher Kormanyos delivers a highly practical guide to programming real-time embedded microcontroller systems in C++. It is divided into three parts plus several appendices. Part I provides a foundation for real-time C++ by covering language technologies, including object-oriented methods, template programming and optimization. Next, part II presents detailed descriptions of a variety of C++ components that are widely used in microcontroller programming. It details some of C++'s most powerful language elements, such as class types, templates and the STL, to develop components for microcontroller register access, low-level drivers, custom memory management, embedded containers, multitasking, etc. Finally, part III describes mathematical methods and generic utilities that can be employed to solve recurring problems in real-time C++. The appendices include a brief C++ language tutorial, information on the real-time C++ development environment and instructions for building GNU GCC cross-compilers and a microcontroller circuit. For this fourth edition, the most recent specification of C++20 is used throughout the text. Several sections on new C++20 functionality have been added, and various others reworked to reflect changes in the standard. Also several new example projects ranging from introductory to advanced level are included and existing ones extended, and various reader suggestions have been incorporated. Efficiency is always in focus and numerous examples are backed up with runtime measurements and size analyses that quantify the true costs of the code down to the very last byte and microsecond. The target audience of this book mainly consists of students and professionals interested in real-time C++. Readers should be familiar with C or another programming language and will benefit most if they have had some previous experience with microcontroller electronics and the performance and size issues prevalent in embedded systems programming.

In Symbolic Analysis for Parallelizing Compilers the author presents an excellent demonstration of the effectiveness of symbolic analysis in tackling important optimization problems, some of which inhibit loop parallelization. The framework that Haghighat presents has proved extremely successful in induction and wraparound variable analysis, strength reduction, dead code elimination and symbolic constant propagation. The approach can be applied to any program transformation or optimization problem that uses properties and value ranges of program names. Symbolic analysis can be used on any transformational system or optimization problem that relies on compile-time information about program variables. This covers the majority of, if not all optimization and parallelization techniques. The book makes a compelling case for the potential of symbolic analysis, applying it for the first time - and with remarkable results - to a number of classical optimization problems: loop scheduling, static timing or size analysis, and dependence analysis. It demonstrates how symbolic analysis can solve these problems faster and more accurately than existing hybrid techniques.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) technology, or peer computing, is a paradigm that is viewed as a potential technology for redesigning distributed architectures and, consequently, distributed processing. Yet the scale and dynamism that characterize P2P systems demand that we reexamine traditional distributed technologies. A paradigm shift that includes self-reorganization, adaptation and resilience is called for. On the other hand, the increased computational power of such networks opens up completely new applications, such as in digital content sharing, scientific computation, gaming, or collaborative work environments.

In this book, Vu, Lupu and Ooi present the technical challenges offered by P2P systems, and the means that have been proposed to address them. They provide a thorough and comprehensive review of recent advances on routing and discovery methods; load balancing and replication techniques; security, accountability and anonymity, as well as trust and reputation schemes; programming models and P2P systems and projects. Besides surveying existing methods and systems, they also compare and evaluate some of the more promising schemes.

The need for such a book is evident. It provides a single source for practitioners, researchers and students on the state of the art. For practitioners, this book explains best practice, guiding selection of appropriate techniques for each application. For researchers, this book provides a foundation for the development of new and more effective methods. For students, it is an overview of the wide range of advanced techniques for realizing effective P2P systems, and it can easily be used as a text for an advanced course on Peer-to-Peer Computing and Technologies, or as a companion text for courses on various subjects, such as distributed systems, and grid and cluster computing.

An introduction to operating systems, covering processes, states of processes, synchronization, programming methods of synchronization, main memory, secondary storage and file systems. Although the book is short, it covers all the essentials and opens up synchronization by introducing a metaphor: producer--consumer that other authors have employed. The difference is that the concept is presented without the programming normally involved with the concept. The thinking is that using a warehouse, the size of which is the shared variable in synchronization terms, without the programming will aid in understanding to this difficult concept. The book also covers main memory, secondary storage with file systems, and concludes with a brief discussion of the client-server paradigm and the way in which client-server impacts the design of the World-Wide Web.

Compiler technology is fundamental to computer science since it provides the means to implement many other tools. It is interesting that, in fact, many tools have a compiler framework - they accept input in a particular format, perform some processing and present output in another format. Such tools support the abstraction process and are crucial to productive systems development. The focus of Compiler Technology: Tools, Translators and Language Implementation is to enable quick development of analysis tools. Both lexical scanner and parser generator tools are provided as supplements to this book, since a hands-on approach to experimentation with a toy implementation aids in understanding abstract topics such as parse-trees and parse conflicts. Furthermore, it is through hands-on exercises that one discovers the particular intricacies of language implementation. Compiler Technology: Tools, Translators and Language Implementation is suitable as a textbook for an undergraduate or graduate level course on compiler technology, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners interested in compilers and language implementation.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the IFIP Industry Oriented Conferences held at the 20th World Computer Congress in Milano, Italy on September 7-10, 2008.

The IFIP series publishes state-of-the-art results in the sciences and technologies of information and communication. The scope of the series includes: foundations of computer science; software theory and practice; education; computer applications in technology; communication systems; systems modeling and optimization; information systems; computers and society; computer systems technology; security and protection in information processing systems; artificial intelligence; and human-computer interaction. Proceedings and post-proceedings of refereed international conferences in computer science and interdisciplinary fields are featured. These results often precede journal publication and represent the most current research. The principal aim of the IFIP series is to encourage education and the dissemination and exchange of information about all aspects of computing.

In Europe, standardization activities in healthcare informatics officially started in the 90s. The papers featured in this publication were presented at a conference which presented the current standing of important activities connected with healthcare informatics/telematics standards and to explore the ways of ensuring international coordination and cooperation worldwide. The publications shows interest from communities from Europe, United States, Australia and Japan. This guarantees the elaboration of high quality implementable healthcare informatics standards, which play an important role in the achievement of better healthcare to the benefit of the patient.

Automatic transformation of a sequential program into a parallel form is a subject that presents a great intellectual challenge and promises great practical rewards. There is a tremendous investment in existing sequential programs, and scientists and engineers continue to write their application programs in sequential languages (primarily in Fortran), but the demand for increasing speed is constant. The job of a restructuring compiler is to discover the dependence structure of a given program and transform the program in a way that is consistent with both that dependence structure and the characteristics of the given machine. Much attention in this field of research has been focused on the Fortran do loop. This is where one expects to find major chunks of computation that need to be performed repeatedly for different values of the index variable. Many loop transformations have been designed over the years, and several of them can be found in any parallelizing compiler currently in use in industry or at a university research facility. Loop Transformations for Restructuring Compilers: The Foundations provides a rigorous theory of loop transformations. The transformations are developed in a consistent mathematical framework using objects like directed graphs, matrices and linear equations. The algorithms that implement the transformations can then be precisely described in terms of certain abstract mathematical algorithms. The book provides the general mathematical background needed for loop transformations (including those basic mathematical algorithms), discusses data dependence, and introduces the major transformations. The next volume will build a detailed theory of looptransformations based on the material developed here. Loop Transformations for Restructuring Compilers: The Foundations presents a theory of loop transformations that is rigorous and yet reader-friendly.

This remarkable anthology allows the pioneers who orchestrated the major breakthroughs in operating system technology to describe their work in their own words. From the batch processing systems of the 1950s to the distributed systems of the 1990s, Tom Kilburn, David Howarth, Bill Lynch, Fernando Corbato, Robert Daley, Sandy Fraser, Dennis Ritchie, Ken Thompson, Edsger Dijkstra, Per Brinch Hansen, Soren Lauesen, Barbara Liskov, Joe Stoy, Christopher Strachey, Butler Lampson, David Redell, Brian Randell, Andrew Tanenbaum, and others describe the systems they designed. The volume details such classic operating systems as the Atlas, B5000, Exec II, Egdon, CTSS, Multics, Titan,Unix, THE, RC 4000, Venus, Boss 2, Solo, OS 6, Alto, Pilot, Star, WFS, Unix United, and Amoeba systems. An introductory essay on the evolution of operating systems summarizes the papers and helps puts them into a larger perspective. This provocative journey captures the historic contributions of operating systems to software design, concurrent programming, graphic user interfaces, file systems, personal computing, and distributed systems. It also fully portrays how operating systems designers think. It's ideal for everybody in the field, from students to professionals, academics to enthusiasts.

This two-part book puts the spotlight on how a TCP/IP stack works using Micri m's uC/TCP-IP as a reference. Part I includes an overview of the basics of the Internet Protocol and walks through various aspects of C/TCP-IP implementation and usage. Part II provides examples for the reader, using the Renesas YRDKRX62N Evaluation Board. The board features the Renesas RX62N, a high-performance 32-bit Flash MCU with FPU and DSP capability, and rich connectivity including Ethernet. Together with the Renesas e2Studio, the evaluation board provides everything necessary to get you up and running quickly, as well as a fun and educational experience, resulting in a high-level of proficiency in a short time. This book is written for serious embedded systems programmers, consultants, hobbyists, and students interested in understanding the inner workings of a TCP/IP stack. uC/TCP-IP is not just a great learning platform, but also a full commercial-grade software package, ready to be part of a wide range of products. The topics covered in this book include: Ethernet technology and device drivers IP connectivity Client and Server architecture Socket programming UDP performance TCP performance System network performance

Learn the essentials of Networking and Embedded TCP/IP stacks. Part I of this comprehensive book provides a thorough explanation of Micri m's C/TCP-IP stack including its implementation and usage. Part II describes practical, working applications for embedded medical devices built on C/OS-III, C/TCP-IP and Freescale's TWR-K53N512 medical board (ARM Cortex -M4) using IAR developments tools. Each of the included examples feature hands-on working projects, which allow you to get your application running quickly, and can serve as a reference design to develop an embedded system connected to the Internet of Things. This book is the perfect complement to C/OS-III: The Real-Time Kernel for the ARM Cortex -M4 by Jean Labrosse (ISBN 978-0-9823375-2-3), as it uses the same medical application examples but connects them via TCP/IP. This book is written for serious embedded systems programmers, consultants, hobbyists, and students interested in understanding the inner workings of a TCP/IP stack. C/TCP-IP is more than just a great learning platform. It is a full commercial-grade software package, ready to serve as the foundation for a wide range of products. Some of the key topics covered in this book are: Ethernet technology and device drivers IP connectivity Client and Server architecture Socket programming UDP and TCP performance tuning

This book will attempt to give a first synthesis of recent works con cerning reactive system design. The term "reactive system" has been introduced in order to at'oid the ambiguities often associated with by the term "real-time system," which, although best known and more sugges tive, has been given so many different meanings that it is almost in evitably misunderstood. Industrial process control systems, transporta tion control and supervision systems, signal-processing systems, are ex amples of the systems we have in mind. Although these systems are more and more computerized, it is sur prising to notice that the problem of time in computer science has been studied only recently by "pure" computer scientists. Until the early 1980s, time problems were regarded as the concern of performance evalu ation, or of some (unjustly scorned) "industrial computer engineering," or, at best, of operating systems. A second surprising fact, in contrast, is the growth of research con cerning timed systems during the last decade. The handling of time has suddenly become a fundamental goal for most models of concurrency. In particular, Robin Alilner 's pioneering works about synchronous process algebras gave rise to a school of thought adopting the following abstract point of view: As soon as one admits that a system can instantaneously react to events, i. e."

((keine o-Punkte, sondern 2 accents aigus auf dem o in Szokefalvi, s. auch Titel ))

In August 1999, an international conference was held in Szeged, Hungary, in honor of Bela Szokefalvi-Nagy, one of the founders and main contributors of modern operator theory. This volume contains some of the papers presented at the meeting, complemented by several papers of experts who were unable to attend. These 35 refereed articles report on recent and original results in various areas of operator theory and connected fields, many of them strongly related to contributions of Sz.-Nagy. The scientific part of the book is preceeded by fifty pages of biographical material, including several photos."