Health has been conceptualized by world and national health organizations (WHO, CDC, Healthy People 2010) as more than the absence of disease. It involves a focus on physical, psychosocial, and functional aspects of life as well as the prevention of future illnesses. At this point in the development of quality health care for cancer survivors, there is sufficient knowledge and expert opinion to push efforts forward to improve the health of cancer survivors. Clearly there is more research in the most prevalent forms of cancers (e.g., breast cancer) than others that provide us with guidance on how to optimize their health, but there are data on other forms of cancers that can also better inform practice. There may also be general care practices that can cut across cancer types. There has been an emergence of epidemiological and clinical research in cancer survivors that can form the basis for a revolution in the quality and nature of health care that survivors receive. This book not only provides the reader with diverse perspectives and data but also integrates this information so it can serve as the foundation necessary to improve and maintain the health of cancer survivors. Reporting of symptoms to health care providers is a complex, multi-determined problem influenced not only by the pathophysiology but also, as we have learned over the years through pain research, by societal, cultural, and biobehavioral factors. This book will consider this important aspect of follow-up for millions of cancer survivors because of the strong reliance on symptom reporting for clinical decision making. In order for us to generate meaningful and effective treatment, we need to better understand the symptom experience in cancer survivors. This book provides much information that will assist us to better understand and manage this complicated end point. The presenting problems need to be articulated and "conceptualized" as clearly as possible by both parties so appropriate actions can be taken. Since health care costs are a major concern for patients, payers, and providers, this area will also be addressed in all the relevant sections. In taking an interdisciplinary perspective, this book illustrates the importance of a team approach to the improvement of health care and associated health, well-being, and functioning in cancer survivors. The 17 chapters cover critical topics of which physicians and providers of all types must be aware in order to provide the most comprehensive and responsive care for cancer survivors. All of the clinical care chapters include case studies to illustrate the real-world application of these approaches in cancer survivors. Information about sources of referral both within and outside the traditional health care communities will be provided in tabular form. There is no other text that provides both an overview of the problems and their challenges, case illustrations of direct application, and the reality of reimbursement for such care. The editors hope that there may be no need for the clinician or the survivor to adapt to a "new normal" if the presenting problems are understood and handled from an interdisciplinary perspective as outlined here.

This volume emphasizes metastasis/dissemination as im nective tissues, muscle, tumours of neuronal origins and portant processes in cancer growth and progression. teratomas. Previous volumes in this series have emphasized aspects of The broad array of neoplastic diseases, multiple target cancer progression, tumor invasion and tumor metastasis sites, and patterns of metastasis and dissemination underlie and the importance of these processes to the pathophysiol the importance of achieving crucial insights into particular ogy and morbidity of malignant disease. This volume builds neoplasms. An understanding of metastasis and dissemina on these earlier themes and emphasizes metastasis/disse tion in man remains an essential objective for the design of mination in man. Following a review of general patterns of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the therapy of metastatic spread in man, metastasis to, or progression of established metastatic disease and spread accompanying neoplasms in several organ systems are highlighted, includ site-specific tumor progression. ing: the central nervous system, esophageal cancer, the lung, the large intestine, the liver, bone, epithelial neoplasms, Series Editor Volume Editor endocrine cells, pigmented tissues, supporting tissues, con- Hans E. Kaiser Elizier L. Gorelik VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Inspiration and encouragement for this wide ranging project on cancer distribution and dissemination from a comparative biological and clinical point of view, was given by my late friend E. H. Krokowski.

Since their discovery over 60 years ago, eicosanoids have come to represent a diverse family of bioactive lipid modulators, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins, isoprostanes, hepoxilins, hydroxy acids, epoxy and hydroxy fatty acids. This book contains conference presentations regarding the regulation of eicosanoid enzymes and, in particular, cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and phospholipases. In addition, the latest evidence over the last seven years has led to the identification of a number of receptors for these bioactive lipids. The new field of isoprostanes is also represented. It has become increasingly evident that eicosanoids play a critical role in signal transduction, both in normal cells and in pathological processes. These aspects are discussed in relation to cellular events, such as apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cancer prevention and treatment.

Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research in the field. A variety of topics are covered, including metabolism in the tumor microenvironment, stellate cells and endothelial progenitors in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the effects of HIV, viral hepatitis, and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment, and more. Taken alongside its companion volumes, Tumor Microenvironment: State of the Science updates us on what we know about various aspects of the tumor microenvironment, as well as future directions. This book is essential reading for advanced cell biology and cancer biology students as well as researchers seeking an update on research in the tumor microenvironment.

This book focuses on issues in clinical practice and research that are of general interest. The articles primarily focus on understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases, their prevention, and therapy. The topics addressed include cardiovascular regulation with regard to blood pressure and heart rate variability, and to coupling blood pressure changes with subarachnoid fluid oscillations. In addition, the book discusses recent advances in the diagnostics of and targeted molecular therapy for renal and pancreatic malignancies, growth disorders, vitamin D and calcium homeostasis in children in the context of neonatal urolithiasis, and neurosurgical interventions in multifarious age-related diseases of the vertebrae. Neuropsychological aspects of patients' quality of life and of shaping medical staff's attitude toward patients are also addressed. The respective articles are intended to build a bridge between basic and clinical research. Further, the book enhances the current body of knowledge on diagnostics and patient treatment and offers valuable new perspectives on practical clinical issues. As such, it offers a unique resource for clinicians, family physicians, medical scholars, and professionals engaged in patient management.

The combination of molecular biology, engineering and bioinformatics has revolutionized our understanding of cancer revealing a tight correlation of the molecular characteristics of the primary tumor in terms of gene expression, structural alterations of the genome, epigenetics and mutations with its propensity to metastasize and to respond to therapy. It is not just one or a few genes, it is the complex alteration of the genome that determines cancer development and progression. Future management of cancer patients will therefore rely on thorough molecular analyses of each single case. Through this book, students, researchers and oncologists will obtain a comprehensive picture of what the first ten years of cancer genomics have revealed. Experts in the field describe, cancer by cancer, the progress made and its implications for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer. The deep impact on the clinics and the challenge for future translational research become evident.

The purpose of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Pediatric Oncology for the Cancer Treatment and Research Series is to provide an up-to-date summary of how recent advances in cancer research are being applied to the care of children with solid tumors. The interface of cancer research with clinical practice in pediatric oncology has never been more intimate than today. While researchers are identifying oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and are studying their specific functions, clinicians are using knowledge of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes for diagnosing cancer in children, for therapeutic decision-making purposes, and for prognostic purposes. The first three chapters in this book describe models for understanding the causes of childhood cancer that were perhaps initially identified by clinicians and that are now being studied and understood by researchers. These chapters will describe research evidence that supports roles for the involvement of normal developmental regulatory genes in childhood oncogenesis, of abnormal immune regulation in childhood oncogenesis, and of heredity in childhood oncogenesis. The next eight chapters are devoted to descriptions of the appli cation of new research developments to clinical practice with reference to the most common forms of solid tumors of childhood outside the central nervous system. The final chapter will describe late effects of childhood cancer and its therapy and the impact research is having on understanding and perhaps preventing these late effects.

The "cancer stem cell" hypothesis postulates that cancer arises from a subpopulation of tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). While the idea of cancer stem cells has been around for more than a hundred years, evidence from the fields of hematology and cancer biology has now demonstrated the critical role of stem cells in hematological malignancies and suggested that these same mechanisms are also central to the initiation, progression, and treatment of solid cancers. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that CSCs exhibit many classical properties of normal stem cells, including a high self-renewal capacity and the ability to generate heterogeneous lineages; the requirement for a specific "niche"/microenvironment to grow; and an increased capacity for self-protection against harsh environments, toxins, and drugs. Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors represents a detailed overview of cancer stem cells and their role in solid cancers. Comprised of 24 chapters, this volume will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of this important and evolving field. Topics covered include: Introduction of the CSC hypothesis Historical perspectives and the contributing lessons from leukemia Current knowledge regarding the identification and role of CSCs in various forms of solid cancer including breast, brain, colorectal, pancreatic, prostate, melanoma, lung, ovarian, hepatocellular, and head and neck cancer Molecular pathways involved in driving CSC function, with a particular focus on the novel convergence of embryonic and tumorigenic signaling pathways In vitro and in vivo assays, model systems, and imaging modalities for studying CSCs The clinical importance of CSCs for cancer management and treatment, including important implications for prognosis, prediction, and treatment resistance Consideration of the controversy surrounding the CSC hypothesis and important unanswered questions in this field This collective work was written by a group of prominent international experts in cancer biology, oncology, and/or stem cell biology. It will serve as a valuable resource for established researchers, professors, health care professionals, and students in the medical and scientific community who are investigating stem cells and/or oncology.

Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality associated with cancer, and tumor genomic heterogeneity is a likely source for the cells that support cancer progression, resistance to therapy, and disease relapse. This book connects cancer metastasis with genomic instability in a comprehensive manner. Section 1 outlines the fundamental mechanisms responsible for these cellular and tissue phenotypes. Section 2 discusses in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models used for the experimental study of these processes. Section 3 reviews emerging themes (ex., microenvironment, mechanotransduction, and immunomodulation), and Section 4 highlights new therapeutic approaches to overcome the unique challenges presented by the heterogeneous and metastatic tumor. This book is intended for undergraduates and postgraduates with an interest in the areas of medicine, oncology, and cancer biology as well as for the content expert searching for thorough reviews of current knowledge in these areas.

This volume reviews our current knowledge concerning can Several chapters discuss the contributions of genetic asp cer growth and progression as it relates to the etiology of ects, metabolism, endocrine-related aspects and nutrition to human cancer. As emphasized in Volumes I-V of this series, cancer progression. Moreover, our current knowledge con neoplastic diseases are multistep maladies. There are many cerning urbanization factors, radiation, therapy-induced causes for the appearance of neoplastic diseases. Earlier neoplasms, environmentally induced neoplasms (e. g., chapters in the series have reviewed molecular and cellular mesotheliomas induced by asbestos) and malignant neo aspects of tumor initiation, promotion and progression to plasms in organ transplant recipients are summarized. the invasive and metastatic phenotype. Contributions to the The impact of AIDS on neoplasm development is re initiation and progression of neoplastic diseases are made by viewed from an epidemiologic perspective that explores mul natural features of the environment and by its contaminants tiple facets of immunity, infectious disease, sexual behavior and by nutritional factors. Neoplastic diseases show a dis and blood transfusion. Other chapters investigate the in tinct relationship to a variety of environmental stimuli and fluence of the host immune response in oncogenesis and the to diseases of a non-neoplastic nature. For example, familial relationship between atherosclerotic plaques and tumors."

This issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Glenn J. Hanna, will focus on Head and Neck Cancer. This issue is one of six selected each year by our series consulting editors, Dr. George P. Canellos and Dr. Edward J. Benz. This issue addresses the evaluation and management of the complex head and neck cancer patient with articles focused on unique epidemiology and therapeutic principles by subsite of disease. Additional information relevant to rare head and neck malignancies is included. The issue further focuses on the evolving applications of minimally invasive surgery in oropharynx cancer and the role of immunotherapy in the management of advanced disease. Topics include: Radiologic Evaluation of the Head and Neck Cancer Patient, Robotic and Endoscopic Approaches to Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer of the Oral Cavity and Lip, Cancer of the Oropharynx and the Association with Human Papillomavirus, Cancer of the Larynx and Hypopharynx, Cancer of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses, Cancer of the Nasopharynx and the Association with Epstein-Barr Virus, Salivary Glands Cancers, Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancers, Cutaneous Malignancies of the Head and Neck, Managing Recurrent and Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer, and Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews on head and neck cancer, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

When this book first appeared in 1981, it was the first to deal comprehensively with major issues in the psychotherapeutic treatment of cancer patients. It remains the standard volume in the field, drawing together a broad spectrum of work using psychological approaches to treatment of cancer patients and to understanding the disease's sociological and psychological implications. Distinguished contributors from medicine, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, psychology, social work, family and group therapy, and nursing examine key issues, including the role of aggression in the onset and treatment of cancer; sexual functioning of patients; cancer as an emotionally regressive experience, cancer in children, and the countertransference responses of a therapist working with a cancer patient. This volume will be of particular value to helping professionals who deal with cancer patients and their families.

Leading researchers and clinicians join forces to explain how malignant melanoma develops from its benign precursor cell type. The authors focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in melanogenesis, in the malignant transformation of melanocytes, and in the further progression of primary melanomas into invasive and metastatic melanomas. They also review recent advances in our understanding of the basic biology of melanocytes and the development, migration, and differentiation of melanoblasts into melanocytes. The book provides an up-to-date understanding of the progressive mechanisms of oncological development in malignant melanoma, a likely model of malignant progress for other types of cancer, and the ongoing development of novel therapeutics.

In Leukemia and Lymphoma: Detection of Minimal Residual Disease, hands-on experts describe and discuss the minimal residual disease (MRD) methods they have successfully pioneered for leukemias and lymphomas. They apply reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Other PCR methods are used for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and for the monitoring of follicular lymphoma. Additional chapters address the use of real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR), the emergent method of choice, in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the evaluation of MRD techniques in clinical trials, and the application of flow cytometry techniques.

Biological Basis of Geriatric Oncology highlights research issues that are specific to geriatric oncology in the field of carcinogenesis and cancer prevention and treatment, based on the biologic interactions of cancer and age. It illustrates the benefit of the principles of geriatrics in the management of cancer in the older individual.

This volume provides a frame of reference for practicioners of any specialties involved in the management of older patients and for oncologists involved in the management of cancer of older individuals. It is a source for basic and clinical scientists exploring the interactions and emerging information of cancer and aging.

The present book is a collection of original contributions by specialists in fields related to the more advanced methods presently used or foreseen in the near future for cancer therapy. The use of larger nuclear installations, like particle accelerators and nuclear reactors in oncology is treated in detail, giving an interesting overview of their present and future potential. The aim of the book is to clarify the present state of the art and to encourage new interest in the many fields related to cancer research. The book is particularly suitable for people working in cancer research, but also in other fields, like particle accelerators, nuclear reactors, nuclear medicine and radio-pharmaceutical research. The methods presented in the book are sometimes tentative or not completely established, but clearly reveal the efforts being made to acquire new knowledge for the solution of one of the more serious problems involving the whole of mankind. The book is also required reading for those who want to be informed about the medical research work in large nuclear installations and the most advanced trends in nuclear medicine.

James J. Goedert and a team of leading experimental and clinical researchers provide critical, integrating surveys of those viruses, bacteria, and parasites that are now known to play a major role in cancer-work that opens the way toward novel therapeutic targets. The contributors focus on five types of human carcinogenic infection-herpesviruses, retroviruses, papillomaviruses, hepatitis viruses, and H. pylori-and review in depth the associated malignancies, as well as how these new diagnostic and therapeutic technologies may be implemented. Cutting-edge and cross-disciplinary, Infectious Causes of Cancer: Targets for Intervention provides clinical oncologists and infectious disease specialists, as well as clinical researchers, with insightful reviews of cancer induction by infectious diseases and the high promise of closely targeted new therapeutics and vaccines.

Outstanding Problems in Cancer Risk Assessments: Pharmacodynamic Models for Cancer Risk Assessment; S.H. Moolgavkar. Oncogenes: Review of Current Status and Potential for Contributions to Cancer Risk Assessment Methods: Oncogene Assessment and Human Cancer; D.A. Spandidos, M.L.M. Anderson. Transgenics: Review of Current Status and Potential for Contributions to Cancer Risk Assessment Methods: Oncogenic Transgenic Mice in the Study of Carcinogenesis; C.H. Ahn, W.C. Choi. Case Studies: Review of Methylene Chloride Cancer Risk Assessment: Cancer Dose-Response Modeling and Methylene Chloride; G. Charnley. Case Studies: Review of Benzene Cancer Risk Assessment: Risk Assessments for Benzene-Induced Leukemia; K.S. Crump. Concluding Remarks: Findings and Recommendations; C. Zervos. Index.

This book presents a novel molecular description for understanding the regulatory mechanisms behind the autonomy and self-organization in biological systems. Chapters focus on defining and explaining the regulatory molecular mechanisms behind different aspects of autonomy and self-organization in the sense of autonomous coding, data processing, structure (mass) formation and energy production in a biological system. Subsequent chapters discuss the cross-talk among mechanisms of energy, and mass and information, transformation in biological systems. Other chapters focus on applications regarding therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine. Molecular Mechanisms of Autonomy in Biological Systems is an indispensable resource for scientists and researchers in regenerative medicine, stem cell biology, molecular biology, tissue engineering, developmental biology, biochemistry, biophysics, bioinformatics, as well as big data sciences, complexity and soft computing.

Progress in Cell Cycle Research is a new annual series designed to be the source for up-to-date research on this rapidly expanding field. Review articles by international experts examine various aspects of cell division regulation from fundamental perspectives to potential medical applications. Researchers as well as advanced undergraduate and graduate students in cell biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology will benefit from this series.

This book is a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on cytokines and cancer. Cytokines play a variety of roles in cancer, both as components of pathogenetic mechanisms, as well as agents used in the treatment of certain malignancies. To date, there has not been a book that covers both basic science and translational/clinical research in the field of cytokines in malignancies. This book is written by leading figures in the field of cytokine biology and cytokine therapeutics and is specifically focused on this subject. The book is divided into two parts. The first part is focused on current developments in the basic science field. There is a particular emphasis on novel mechanisms of cytokine actions in malignant cells. The second part deals with translational and clinical research in the field, and many of the authors of these chapters were among the first to introduce several cytokines in the treatment of certain tumors. Collectively, the information provided in this book will be helpful to people in the medical field at several levels, including medical students, interns, residents, clinical and basic science researchers, as well as oncologists in practice.

This book covers topics that range from fundamental studies of DNA replication, chromosomal and nuclear function through growth factor control of endocrine tumor initiation and progression. The basic and translational insights gained from Hormonal Control of Cell Cycle will be of interest to those studying the biology of endocrine tumors as well as those deriving novel therapeutic approaches for these benign and malignant disorders.

Written for residents and practitioners of otolaryngology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, and maxiollofacial surgery, this book provides the reader with a comprehensive, concise discussion of the best evidence available on which to base clinical decisions needed when managing patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. Because of its accessible and practical format, this book is considerably different than other related titles on the market. Formatted with questions at the beginning of each chapter that are then answered with evidence and best practices available for each case, each chapter addresses situations the clinician is likely to face in the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of a patient with cancer of the head and neck. Most clinical decisions in the management of cancers of the head and neck region are based on the results of a few controlled, randomized clinical trial trials (Evidence Level I). However, most decision-making is based on the results of case-control studies (Evidence Level II), descriptive studies, reports of expert committees, or opinions of respected authorities (Evidence Level III). This information is scattered throughout the literature and often comingled with information about other topics. Therefore, there is a need for a publication in which the evidence pertinent to making decisions regarding a particular clinical problem is distilled from the literature and presented in a single concise, clinical, situation-driven source. Cancer of the Oral Cavity, Pharynx and Larynx: Evidence-Based Decision Making is just such a resource.

At the moment, there is no dedicated book to summarize the roles, the significance, and potential therapeutic targeting of transcriptional factors from the perspective of signaling cascade, and thus, directly impacting the functionality of transcriptional factors in cancer. In addition, this book will offer a comprehensive basic and clinical science behind the functions of representative core transcriptional factors. These chapters will serve as a treasure for all those who have an interest in the basis, progression, and targeting of human cancer. Each chapter will be intended to provide comprehensive, up-to-date information by the leaders about the physiologic and pathologic roles of TFs in specific representative organ systems of prime importance. The book will consist of chapters that will give biomedical students, under and graduate students, basic sciences and clinical cancer fellows, residents and researchers, and oncology educators will get a thorough summary of the overall subject. The readers will be able to understand the important current information and views on specific TFs and its role in cancer in areas outside their own expertise or experience. A special emphasis will be also placed on the "classic" papers as well as perspectives on future directions for the field.