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Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Diseases & disorders > Oncology > General
Gene expression studies have revealed diagnostic profiles and upregulation of specific pathways in many solid tumors. The explosion of new information in gene expression profiling could potentially lead to the development of tailored treatments in many solid tumors. In addition many studies are ongoing to validate these signatures also in predicting response to hormonal, chemotherapeutic and targeted agents in breast cancer as well as in other tumors. Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Value of Gene Signatures provides readers a useful and comprehensive resource about the range of applications of microarray technology in oncological diseases. Topics covered include gene signatures and soft tissue sarcomas, prognostic relevance of breast cancer signatures, gene expression profiling of colorectal cancer and liver metastasis, gene signatures in GISTs, CNVs and gene expression profiles in pancreatic cancer, and gene signatures in head/neck, lung and gastric tumors. Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Value of Gene Signatures will be of great value to residents and fellows, physicians, pathologists and medical oncologists.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in
the Western world. CLL has a highly varied clinical course. While
advances in CLL therapy are noted, many patients still succumb to
this illness. Like most progress in medicine, solid advances in the
diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of CLL are rooted in an in-depth
understanding of the basic and translational biology of CLL. In
this book, CLL experts have contributed state-of-the-art summaries
of various important aspects of CLL biology and have discussed the
translational implication of such findings. This book, which is
directed at physicians and researchers alike, aims to educate
broadly and deeply. Intentionally, the many aspects and nuances of
CLL clinical care that can only really be appreciated through
direct patient care are not covered here, but instead, the book
presents basic aspects of CLL that underlie many of the
contemporary decisions that are made in CLL research and clinical
settings.
This volume provides a biological and pharmacological background for regional cancer therapy, strategies and techniques for regional therapies, and specific indications and results for different tumor entities. Clinical trial concepts and detailed treatment protocols are also presented. This book is essential reading for researchers and clinicians engaged in seeking advanced therapeutic options for cancer patients worldwide.
This timely revision of the authoritative handbook gives a wide range of providers practical insights and strategies for treating cancer survivors' long-term physical and mental health issues. Details of new and emerging trends in research and practice enhance readers' awareness of cancer survivor problems so they may better detect, monitor, intervene in, and if possible prevent disturbing conditions and potentially harmful outcomes. Of particular emphasis in this model of care are recognizing each patient's uniqueness within the survivor population and being a co-pilot as survivors navigate their self-management. New or updated chapters cover major challenges to survivors' quality of life and options for service delivery across key life domains, including: Adaptation and coping post-treatment. Problems of aging in survivorship, disparities and financial hardship. Well-being concerns including physical activity, weight loss, nutrition, and smoking cessation. Core functional areas such as work, sleep, relationships, and cognition. Large-scale symptoms including pain, distress, and fatigue. Models of care including primary care and comprehensive cancer center. International perspectives PLUS, insights about lessons learned and challenges ahead. With survivorship and its care becoming an ever more important part of the clinical landscape, the Second Edition of the Handbook of Cancer Survivorship is an essential reference for oncologists, rehabilitation professionals, public health, health promotion and disease prevention specialists, and epidemiologists.
The field of microRNA biology is really emerging in the last couple of years. Several investigators highlighted the importance of miRNAs in cancer. Although there is so much literature on microRNAs exist, a comprehensive book is still not available. Thus this book will be a great use to the scientists in the field of cancer biology. In addition, this book will be a good source of information for undergraduate, graduate students who want to develop their research careers in cancer biology.
Integrative medicine strives to incorporate the best of complementary and conventional modalities. This book details integrative oncology, a nascent field building a rigorous evidenced-based clinical medicine, research, and educational foundation. It examines five prestigious, comprehensive cancer centers based in the US, covering how these centers started their programs, what they are currently doing, and recommendations for starting integrative medicine clinics. The book also discusses the potential harm of alternative and complementary medicine, legal issues, and how to communicate with patients.
Advances in Cancer Research provides invaluable information on the
exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Here once again,
outstanding and original reviews are presented.
¿Drs. Franco and Rohan bring together a timely and comprehensive set of reviews describing the biologic basis of carcinogenesis, issues related to measurement and interpretation of cancer precursors, site specific precancerous conditions, and control of cancer precursors ¿The book has several important strengths, most notably the wealth of current information on cancer precursors and related topics provided by an impressive cast of cancer researchers. ¿ it effectively provides specific and compelling reasons for studying cancer precursors, the most up-to-date and comprehensive collection of reviews on the topic, and a realistic picture of the complexities facing research of cancer precursors.¿ ¿American Journal of Epidemiology "In this book, Drs. Franco and Rohan have succeeded in preparing a comprehensive, timely, and critical review of the substantial progress that has been made in our understanding of cancer precursors. They have enlisted experts in the field who have contributed authoritative chapters to a wide variety of cancers with emphasis on the etiology and natural history, including the role of environmental and heritable factor that provoke normal cells to undergo malignant transformation. Epidemiologic data are linked whenever possible to molecular as well as clasical cellular pathology, providing a fuller understanding of the casual events and mechanisms that initiate the carcinogenic process." -From the Foreward by Joseph F. Fraumeni, Jr., M.D., M.S. Director, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Rockville, MD This book provides an overview of the progress made in the last few years on the epidemiology, detection methods, and preventive stategies for cancer precursors. Contributors to the 25 chapters are among the world's most knowledgeable scientists in the areas of molecular pathology, epidemiology, and control of cancer precursors. Their reviews of the topic are accessible to a large professional base that includes basic cancer researchers, clinical oncologists, pathologists, molecular biologists, epidemiologists, nurses, health professionals working on policy implications, and graduate students in cancer-related fields. Divided into five sections, the book begins with brief overviews of the molecular basis of carcinogenesis and of the histological aspects of cancer precursors. Issues related to the measurement, interpretation, and the study of precursor lesions are addressed in Part II, including timely chapters on epidemiologic approaches to studying intermediate endpoints, the impact of measurement error, and methods of processing biological specimens for molecular epidemiology studies. The main section of the text is found in Part III, with chapters on cancer precursors at the most important anatomical sites at which solid tumors occur, including the lung, breast, colon, esophagus, and prostate. The site-specific reviews include discussions of the epidemiology of those lesions, and, where appropriate, aspects of their detection and prevention. The final sections of the book feature valuable overviews on screening and prevention strategies and the role of evidence-based medicine in judging the value of such strategies for national and international policy guidelines on cancer control.
Of the two disciplines in parallel development for two decades,
tumor immunology and transplantation immunology, the latter has
thrived and has led to some of the most critical discoveries in
immunobiology. The former continues to thwart both scientists and
clinicians alike.
The majority of cancers present at a relatively advanced stage in which invasion within the primary organ is well established and metastases to lymph and distant organs are either clinically apparent or present at the microscopic level. However, it is increasingly recognized that the natural history of cancer formation is a long and complex path taking many years to develop to a clinically apparent stage in most cases. Furthermore, for most solid tumours there is a pre-invasive or intraepithelial stage of disease. This affords the opportunity for early detection and prevention of invasive disease and hence a cure. However, with this advancing knowledge comes a whole plethora of questions which will be explored in this monograph. Firstly, we need to understand the global burden of pre-invasive disease and what the public health implications might be for wide-scale screening programmes. In the western world we already have experience of screening for cervical, breast, prostate and more recently colon cancer. As well as their potential benefits these programmes have financial and psychosocial implications which need to be carefully weighed. This is especially true since many pre-invasive lesions will not progress to cancer in a individual's lifetime. In addition, there are questions concerning whether screening reduces the cancer burden or in fact distorts the survival figures through lead-time bias. Secondly, at the level of epidemiology and molecular pathogenesis there are important questions regarding the aetiology of pre-invasive lesions; an understanding of which might lead to possible chemopreventive strategies. For example, it would be helpful to know the extent to which the likelihood of developing a pre-invasive lesion is influenced by lifestyle or genetic factors and how these factors influence the risk of progression to invasive disease. At the molecular level we need to understand the pathways and molecular mechanisms, both genetic and epigenetic, by which cells achieve the capacity to invade. Thirdly, in order make clinical progress we need biomarkers to identify and risk stratify individuals with pre-invasive lesions. These biomarkers might be applied to the serum as in Prostate Specific Antigen in prostate cancer or be applied to tissue samples, such as oestrogen receptor status in breast cancer. In order to utilize biomarkers in the context of a screening programme there are issue around the invasiveness of the test as well as its positive and negative predictive value. With advances in molecular imaging there is now the exciting possibility of incorporating a molecular tag to a non-invasive imaging modality. Fourthly, in order to justify screening early detection must be coupled to a treatment strategy. If the chemopreventive agent is very well tolerated, then as well as targeting high risk groups, one might consider treatment at the population level. Aspirin is one such drug which has been extensively assessed in the context of colon cancer chemoprevention trials. Trials of aspirin chemoprevention are now being applied to other cancers such as oesophageal adenocarcinoma and since many individuals take aspirin for .chemoprevention of cardiovascular disease the cancer incidence can be ascertained in these populations. In order to understand the more general issues raised from the discussions above it is useful to consider disease specific examples. Our understanding of pre-invasive disease varies according to the organ site and there are lessons to be learned from these experiences. For example, there is now the prospect of a vaccine for cervical cancer with important questions about how this might be applied to the high incidence areas of the developing world. On the other hand, ductal carcinoma in situ is currently treated by mastectomy which is more radical than the treatment received by many women with invasive disease. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma, which is my own area of expertise is interesting because of the rapid rise in incidence in the western world and the clinically accessible pre-invasive lesion called Barrett's oesophagus. However, most cases of Barrett's oesophagus remain undiagnosed and it is not yet clear how to effectively diagnose, monitor and treat this condition without recourse to mass endoscopy with substantial cost implications. In conclusion, in an era in which preventive medicine is a major concern for consumers, health-policy makers and politicians pre-invasive disease is likely to become a major part of cancer medicine.
The possibility of treating cancer, a disease frequently defined
by
With the coming of the new millennium we are witnessing a revolution in our understanding of cancer genetics. These are very exciting times. Today we have at our disposal the technology to diagnose abnormalities in our cancer genes and the means to correct the deficit and very soon we will have the complete sequence of the human genome. With the use of gene chip technology the way doctors will be able to assess patients will change completely. Today we can diagnose abnormalities in ten thousand genes and within a short period of time we will be able to screen through our genome and discover potential abnormalities in our proto-oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes, differentiating genes, apoptotic genes and pro-inflammatory genes. In this book various authors have highlighted specific genes that could be expressed, overexpressed, neutralised or h- nessed to achieve cancer control. The problem of transferring the therapeutic gene into the cancer cell has been partly addressed with major developments in the field of naked plasmid DNA, adenovirus, retrovirus and adeno-associated viruses. However, further improvements are yet to be made to achieve significant gene transfer. Gene expression, in particular specificity of gene transfer, is obviously an important issue and one which is highlighted in this book by the use of specific promoter.
This volume is a valuable and timely resource for a broad audience with interests in basic and translational cancer biology, cancer drug development, as well as in the practice of personalized oncology. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Cancer Gene Networks aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this evolving and vital field. Ultimately these efforts will guide development of transformative strategies for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
This volume will detail the current state and perspectives of autophagy-based cancer therapy. Covering a wide range of topics, it will include an overview of autophagy as a therapeutic target in cancer, autophagy modulators as cancer therapeutic agents, implications of micro-RNA-regulated autophagy in cancer therapy, modulation of autophagy through targeting PI3 kinase in cancer therapy, targeting autophagy in cancer stem cells, and roles of autophagy in cancer immunotherapy. In addition, the volume will review applications of system biology and bioinformatics approaches to discovering cancer therapeutic targets in the autophagy regulatory network. The volume will be beneficial for a variety of basic and clinical scientists, including cancer biologists, autophagy researchers, pharmacologists, and clinical oncologists who wish to delve more deeply into this field of cancer research. This volume will be the first book to focus solely on autophagy as a target in cancer therapy. As well, it will comprehensively discuss the roles of autophagy in most currently available cancer treatments.
This comprehensive text provides a much-needed review of a disease that is currently garnering the interest of molecular biologists, translational scientists, and clinicians. The volume includes emerging developments in the molecular genetics of endometrial carcinoma. In addition to covering the basic genetics of endometrial carcinoma, chapters also cover a wide range of signaling pathways implicated in endometrial carcinoma. A section of the book includes a number of genetically engineered mouse models, which contribute to understanding the role of various genetic alterations in the development and progression of endometrial carcinoma. These models also provide preclinical models for developing effective targeted therapeutic approaches. Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract in the United States and the number of cases continues to increase around the world. This book is a meant to serve as a resource for a wide range of scientists, from molecular geneticists to signal transduction biologists, as well as to both clinicians and scientists interested in developing targeted therapeutic approaches for women with endometrial carcinoma.
In recent decades, cytopathology has assumed an increasing role in the primary diagnosis of mass lesions owing to its ability to deliver rapid, non-invasive, and timely information. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the role of cytology at various body sites. The diagnostic details covered are abbreviated in comparison with those in pathology texts. Instead, a more clinical approach is taken, with the focus on the advantages and limitations of techniques and the key features of entities that are important to clinicians. Pathological-clinical correlation is highlighted throughout the book, ensuring that it will be highly relevant for clinicians. In particular, physicians who deal with oncology patients will find it to be a rich source of guidance on how to use and understand cytopathology in the diagnosis and exclusion of malignancy.
Opening Speech; E.D. Hondros. Welcome Address; H.H. van der Kroonenberg. Safety and Efficacy in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; D. Gabel. Some Aspects of BNCT at the Brookhaven National Laboratory; D.D. Joel, et al. INEL BNCT Program Directions with Respect to Clinical Trials of BNCT; R.V. Dorn III. The Department of Energy Research Program in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; R.W. Wood, D.W. Cole Jr. Current Overview on the Approach of Clinical Trials at Petten; R.L. Moss. Review of the Physics Calculations Performed for the BNCT Facility at the HFR Petten; P. Watkins, et al. From Filter Installation to Beam Characterization; F. Stecher-Rasmussen, et al. Neutron Spectrometry Measurements of the Petten HFR, HB11 Neutron Beam; C.A. Perks, H.J. Delafield. A Semi-Empirical Method of Treatment Planning for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; C.P.J. Raaijmakers, et al. Present Status of the Three-Dimensional Treatment Planning Methodologies for the Petten BNCT Facility; P. Watkins. A Phase 1 Biodistribution study of p-Boronophenylalanine; J.A. Coderre. RBE in Normal Tissue Studies; R.A. Gahbauer, et al. Treatment planning and optimization for Pion Therapy; H. Blattmann. Dose Calculations Based on Images Reconstructions; F.J. Wheeler, D.E. Wessol. Borocaptate Sodium (BSH) Pharmacokinetics in Glioma Patients; H. Fankhauser, et al. BSH in Patiens with Malignant Glioma: Distribution in Tissue, Comparison between BSH Concentration and Histology; D. Haritz, et al. Macroscopic and Microscopic Biodistribution of BSH in a Rat Glioma Model; C.P. Ceberg, et al. Healthy Tissue Tolerance Studies for BNCT at the High Flux Reactor in Petten-First Results; A. Siefert. Cellular Pharmacokinetics of BNCT Compounds and their Cellular Localization with EELS/ESI; R. Verrijk, et al. Large Animal Model Studies of Normal Tissue Tolerance using an Epithermal Neutron Beam and Borocaptate Sodium; P.R. Gavin, et al. Proposal for Patient Selection Criteria and Follow-up for BNCT in Patients with Supratentorial Malignant Gliomas; H. Fankhauser, G. Stragliotto. A Proposal for Phase 1 Clinical Trials of Glioma Patients; H. Bartelink. Approaches to the Design and Evaluation of Compound for BNCT; A.H. Soloway, et al. The implementation Strategy for BNCT Trials in Australia; B.J. Allen. Author Index. Participants. Subject Index. [End of file]
This volume, Biological and Hormonal Therapies of Cancer, which is part of the series Cancer Treatment and Research, presents selected new information concerning biologic and hormonal therapy of cancer. We have attempted to provide the reader with topics of major interest in a timely fashion. There is renewed interest in biologic therapy of cancer. Two chapters review the role of interferon in the hematologic malignancies and in solid tumors. Vaccine therapies have come to the forefront of cancer therapy re cently, and two chapters approach different strategies of vaccine therapies; one reviews the cellular vaccine therapies and another the anti-idiotype ap proach. The hormonal therapy chapters focus on current uses of endocrine therapy in endometrial, breast, and prostate cancer. In addition, hormonal strategies for the prevention of breast cancer and endometrial cancer, including excit ing information relating to phytochemicals, are presented. The effects of tamoxifen on endometrium is a topic of major interest and is discussed in detail. Finally, there is a chapter on estrogen receptor expression and regula tion in human breast cancer. These chapters are all written by experts in the field and contain timely and relevant information of interest to laboratory and clinical scientists and practitioners alike. Biologic and endocrine therapies represent major areas of cancer research interest. The advent of newer biologic therapies, including new antibody targeted treatments, and the use of biologics as tumor modulators to enhance the effects of other treatment regimens is an exploding avenue of research."
The present volume is the first in the advances in oncobiology series. It is meant to be useful not only to clinical and non-clinical oncologists but also to graduate students and medical students. The individual chapters are presented as self-contained summaries of current knowledge rather than as reviews. The last chapter deals with the subject of chemotherapy.
Advances in Cancer Research provides invaluable information on the
exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Here once again,
outstanding and original reviews are presented.
This volume represents a collection of contributions from the 6th International Conference on Eicosanoids and Other Bioactive Lipids in Cancer, Inflammation, and Related Diseases held in Boston from September 12-15, 1999. The mission of this meeting was to bring together senior and junior investigators to both announce and examine their recent advancements in cutting-edge research on the roles and actions of lipid mediators and their impact in human physiology and disease pathogenesis. The meeting focused on new concepts in these areas of interest to both clinicians and researchers. The program included several outstanding plenary lectures and presentations by leading experts in the fields of cancer and inflammation. In addition, the Boston meeting presented three Young Investigator awards, one in each of the major focus areas. The meeting was exciting and proved to be very memorable. The program was developed with an emphasis on recent advances in molecular and of lipid mediators relevant in cellular mechanisims involved in the formation and actions inflammation and cancer. Plenary lectures were presented by Prof. Bengt Sammuelsson (Karolinska Institute, Stockholm; 1982 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine) and Prof. E. 1. Corey (Harvard University; 1990 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry). Both of these plenary lectures were held on Day 1, which set an exciting tone for this meeting. Immediately following these plenary lectures, three simultaneous breakout sessions were held, one of inflammation, a second on cancer and synthesis of novel inhibitors, and a third on enzymes-lipoxygenases/cyclooxygenases and inhibitors.
My training started in 1971, when I joined the First Department of Medicine of Chiba University, as Dr. Kunio Okuda became chair ofthe department. To acquire training ingeneralpathology, Iapplied for the Intern MatchingProgram and started as aninternin the DepartmentofPathologyofYale University, in 1973.While Iwas achiefresident, Ispent 10months in Dr. GeraldKlatskin'sofficestudyingthe com plete set of his famous liver biopsy samples (the Klatskin Collection). In 1976, I movedtoJohnWesleyHospital, where therewasagroup from the USC (University ofSouthern California) Liver Unit, to obtain further pathology training under the guidanceofDr. Robert L. Peters. Those experiences have given me ample opportu nity to see the differences between the United States and Japan. Ofcourse, 28 years ago in downtown Los Angeles there were enormous num bers ofpatients suffering from typical alcoholic liver diseases. Now in Japan, in contrast, we have an enormous number ofpatients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), due in particular to hepatitis C viral infection. Last year, in the DepartmentofGastroenterology at the University ofTokyo, we had approximately 500 admissions due to HCC. Thus, we have an urgent need to prevent the develop ment ofHCC and to provide better treatment for such patients through a basic un derstanding ofvirology, clinical features, and treatment modalities. The first single-topic conference on "TherapyofViral Hepatitis and Prevention ofHepatocellular Carcinoma" was organized by the Japan Society ofHepatology (Kiwamu Okita, Director General) and was held November 14-15,2002, near Mt. Fuji. Thisbook, which is asummaryofthe meeting, helps toupdate relevantinforma tion on this vital topic. June 28, 2003 Masao Ornata, M.D."
Protein kinase CK2 (formerly casein kinase II or 2) is known to play a critical role in the control of cell growth and cell death and is thus intimately involved in the development of cancer. More specifically, CK2 has been found to be elevated in all cancers examined. While CK2 levels are known to be high in proliferating normal cells, CK2 has also been found to be a potent suppressor of apoptosis and is a link to the cancer cell phenotype, which is characterized by deregulation of both cell proliferation and cell death. Indeed, it would appear that CK2 impacts many of the hallmarks of cancer and it has now gained considerable attention as a potential target for cancer therapy. Protein Kinase CK2 and Cellular Function in Normal and Disease States increases knowledge of the role of CK2 in the development of cellular dysfunction and emphasizes that this protein may serve as a target of drug development for improved cancer therapy. In addition, it is a handy tool that provides cancer researchers, graduate students, and all scientists involved in CK2 research with one main source for the latest advances in CK2 research. |
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