In this book we provide insights into liver - cancer and immunology. Experts in the field provide an overview over fundamental immunological questions in liver cancer and tumorimmunology, which form the base for immune based approaches in HCC, which gain increasing interest in the community due to first promising results obtained in early clinical trials. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer related death in the United States. Treatment options are limited. Viral hepatitis is one of the major risk factors for HCC, which represents a typical "inflammation-induced" cancer. Immune-based treatment approaches have revolutionized oncology in recent years. Various treatment strategies have received FDA approval including dendritic cell vaccination, for prostate cancer as well as immune checkpoint inhibition targeting the CTLA4 or the PD1/PDL1 axis in melanoma, lung, and kidney cancer. Additionally, cell based therapies (adoptive T cell therapy, CAR T cells and TCR transduced T cells) have demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with B cell malignancies and melanoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in particular have generated enormous excitement across the entire field of oncology, providing a significant benefit to a minority of patients.

This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the art review of current and new therapies in treating pancreatic cancer. In addition to discussing the current landscape for treating various stages of pancreatic cancer, the text highlights several standard and emerging approaches, with a particular emphasis on novel endoscopic, surgical, chemotherapeutic, radiotherapeutic, targeted, and immunotherapeutic strategies. The volume also features concepts on the potential economic effects associated with the development and implementation of new treatments in pancreatic cancer. Written by experts from a variety of integrative disciplines, Current and Emerging Therapies in Pancreatic Cancer is a valuable resource for oncologists, gastroenterologists, surgeons, and other professionals who treat and manage patients with pancreatic cancer.

Because the concept and discoveries of cancer stem cells are relatively new, scientists and researchers need an introduction to this dynamic area. Cancer Stem Cells presents a consolidated account of the research done to date and recent progresses in the studies of cancer stem cells. Such a presentation facilitates a better understanding of and draws attention to stem cell and cancer biology - two fields that enhance, move, and evolve into each other continuously. It provides an informative study in designing approaches to apply stem cell principles to cancer biology while offering an overview of the challenges in developing combination stem and cancer biology targets for therapeutics. This book serves as a primer for new researchers in the field of cancer biology.

Advances in research and the treatment of cancer mean that more patients and their carers are asking healthcare professionals about the latest treatments and how they may be of benefit. It is essential that staff working with cancer patients understand fully how these new treatments work in order to disseminate timely and appropriate information to patients.

The application of biology to the delivery of cancer care is playing an ever-increasing role in the management of these diseases. "The Biology of Cancer: Second Edition" provides details of the most recent developments in cancer care and is divided into three sections:

Understanding Cancer - examines predisposing factors to developing cancer, diagnosis and its implications on the individual and society. The Science of Cancer - a closer look at the cell, genetics, the immune system, tumour markers and monoclonal antibodies. Research and Treatment - exploring translational oncology, applying research methodology to cancer research and research ethics relating to cancer.

This fully updated edition also looks at evidence-based research that can be translated directly to patient care and gives details recent developments. Written by experienced, practicing healthcare professionals, "The Biology of Cancer: Second Edition" can easily be applied to patient care. It is an informative text for students, newly qualified nurses and practising oncology/palliative care nurses.

Cover image reproduced by permission of Prof Ian Cree, Translational Oncology Research Centre, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

The book deals briefly with the normal structure, functioning and biochemistry of the esophagus and with the histological and genetic changes accompanying the development of esophageal cancer in humans and animals. Factors implicated in causing esophageal cancer are described in relation to its very dramatic epidemiology. Thus dietary deficiencies and consumption of foods contaminated by Fusaria mycotoxins are discussed in connection with the extremely high incidence of the disease in certain sharply demarcated regions in China and South Africa, and alcohol and tobacco use are discussed in relation to the epidemiology in Europe and USA. Other hazards mentioned include opium in Iran, betel nut in Asia and bracken in Japan. The sole group of chemicals known to be very potent esophageal carcinogens in animal experiments, the nitrosamines, are described especially in terms of the widespread human exposure.

Multidisciplinary authors provide a holistic overview Details the key principles and models of cancer-related distress Guides through assessment and treatment Illustrated with case studies Printable tools for clinical use Psychosocial oncology is a health psychology specialty that focuses on the psychological, behavioral, emotional, and social challenges faced by patients with cancer and their loved ones. Cancer can cause significant distress, and psychosocial interventions are known to be effective for helping patients and families navigate the many issues that can arise at any stage of the cancer continuum. This volume provides psychologists, physicians, social workers, and other health care providers with practical and evidence-based guidance on the delivery of psychological interventions to patients with cancer. The multidisciplinary team of authors succinctly present the key principles, history, and theoretical models of cancer-related distress. They then move on to explore clinical assessment and interventions in cancer care, in particular psychological and psychiatric treatments, multidisciplinary care management, and complementary supportive interventions. Case vignettes give the reader insight into diagnostic processes and effective treatment planning. Practitioners will find the printable handout and screening tool for clients invaluable in their daily work.

Interventional radiological techniques are becoming increasingly important in the treatment of both primary and secondary malignant liver tumours. Surgery for liver tumours can be effective but carries considerable risks and new techniques have recently been developed. This volume provides an account of interventional radiological methods by some of the greatest experts in the field. It includes chapters on cryotherapy, chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation and an extensive chapter on imaging techniques. The scientific background of these techniques, the pathology of the diseases involved and an analysis of more traditional surgical methods are also described. This text brings together the latest advances in this fast-developing field.

There have been very significant advances across many areas of the study, investigation and treatment of breast cancer. This publication surveys how scientific advances have influenced, improved and extended therapeutic options. The volume spans prevention, screening, genetics, and treatment of pre-invasive breast cancer, before focusing in depth on management of established breast cancer. This includes chapters on the various therapeutic options available and their role in treating breast cancer from the very earliest stage through to advanced and metastatic breast cancer. In addition, the text looks forward at the potential for emerging experimental strategies to become adopted into medical management in the future. The volume concludes with a chapter on palliative care. This wide-ranging account will be essential for breast cancer specialists, trainees in oncology and clinical research scientists.

This book aims to present current state of understanding of the role of metals in human health and disease. As it will be difficult to cover all of the metals, about two scores of them, the authors will instead provide a detailed analysis of a select set of essential (Calcium, Magnesium, Selenium, Iron, copper and Zinc) and non-essential metals (Nickel, Chromium, Cadmium and Arsenic, Tungsten and Asbestos). Each chapter will have a dedicated section focusing on the binary role that some of these metals play, their carcinogenic and cancer therapeutics, by integrating epidemiological, experimental evidence with special emphasis and focus on molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. The biological analysis will also include emerging lines of evidence such as micro RNAS, kinase families, receptors, endoplasmic, mitochondrial players and epigenetics. As part of integrating the human, experimental and mechanistic data, as well as a detailed analysis into the modes of action for different cancer outcomes will be discussed in each chapter wherever deemed feasible. These approaches are ones in which no other book in this area has attempted to do.

As there are a number of nuances in terms of how to manage mutation carriers (both with and without a concomitant diagnosis of breast cancer), this text provides a comprehensive, state-of-the art review of this field. It represents a valuable resource for a myriad of clinicians and healthcare personnel who interface with these patients. The text discusses the latest recommendations for genetic counseling and risk assessment, provides a framework for considering reducing risk in mutation carriers who do not present with a concomitant diagnosis of breast cancer, and finally elucidates the many considerations of managing a breast cancer patient with a BRCA mutation. The text presents a multidisciplinary approach gleaning insights from imaging, breast surgery, gynecology, plastic surgery, medical oncology, radiation oncology and psycho-oncology. Managing BRCA Mutation Carriers will be a useful resource for physicians and healthcare providers from a myriad of disciplines who manage BRCA mutation carriers. All chapters are written by experts in their fields and include the most up to date scientific and clinical information.

This book focuses on the most recent, relevant, comprehensive and significant advances in cancer and chemo prevention. It broadly discusses cancer, its hallmarks and classification, molecular mechanisms of outbreak, contributing factors, role of oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators and evading apoptosis, which leads to the progression of disease. Though modern medicine has left us with no option to treat this deadly disease due to drawbacks associated with conventional treatment - like its non-targeted nature, drug resistance, varied organ toxicities and unaffordability - chemoprevention offers a viable therapeutic window. Given chemoprevention's importance in the present scenario, the book highlights various chemo preventive strategies currently used in the management of cancer; a selection of novel chemo preventive agents used at clinics and in the pre-clinical stage; hurdles to effective chemoprevention; future prospects and the road ahead. It offers a valuable guide for all graduate students and researchers seeking information on cancer and chemoprevention in general, irrespective of the specific type/pathways involved in its onset.

This book provides readers with a thorough review on cervical cancer, treatment guidelines and emerging therapies available for the disease. It reviews the epidemiology clinical features, diagnosis, and medical management of cervical cancer. Given the increasing need for preventive strategies, treatment optimization with collaborative and integrative work, this book improves the actual and integral knowledge in this neoplasm. Given the high prevalence of this disease in Latin America, this is an important text for clinicians in this region. This book outlines the state of the art in cervical cancer treatments and is an indispensable companion for oncologists, gynecologists, surgeons and medical students.

This textbook discusses core principles and practices in gastrointestinal oncology and covers a wide range of practice areas such as pathology and radiologic images, epidemiology, genetics, staging, multidisciplinary management of specific gastrointestinal cancer, and pathology for each primary tumor site. The comprehensive coverage makes Textbook of Gastrointestinal Oncology a useful resource for the practitioner wishing to gain a greater understanding of the principles of managing malignant gastrointestinal disease, as well as medical oncology fellows, surgeons, radiation oncologists, gastroenterologists and fellows, and residents.

Written and reviewed by registered dietitian nutritionists practicing in oncology, this comprehensive resource from the Oncology Nutrition Dietetic Practice Group provides both evidence- and experienced-based information for application in clinical practice. This fully updated second edition addresses nutrition through the cancer continuum - from carcinogenesis and prevention to treatment, survivorship, and palliative care. All steps of the Nutrition Care Process are addressed. The second edition of Oncology Nutrition for Clinical Practice includes: Chapters covering nutrition screening, assessment, diagnosis and treatment of nutrition impact symptoms, and intervention and monitoring through medical nutrition therapy. Nutritional effects of cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy. Thirteen chapters that address medical nutrition therapy for specific cancer sites, including a new chapter covering hematologic malignancies. A new chapter covering medical cannabis for cancer symptom management. Appendixes that summarize evidence-based diets and alternative or unfounded diets for cancer prevention and treatment and select dietary supplements and functional foods.

This volume provides the reader with an overview of the diverse functions of the RUNX family of genes. As highlighted in the introduction and several of the 29 chapters, humans and other mammals have three RUNX genes that are known to play specific roles in blood, bone and neuronal development. However, their evolutionary history has recently been traced back to unicellular organisms and their involvement in many well-known signaling pathways (Wnt, TGFb, Notch, Hippo) is indicative of a more general function in cell biology. Their documented roles in cell fate decisions include control of proliferation, differentiation, survival, senescence and autophagy. The pleiotropic effects of RUNX in development are mirrored in cancer, where RUNX genes can function as oncogenes that collaborate strongly with Myc family oncogenes or as tumour suppressor genes. In the latter role, they display hallmarks of both 'gatekeepers' that modulate p53 responses and 'caretakers' that protect the genome from DNA damage. Several chapters focus on the importance of these genes in leukemia research, where RUNX1 and CBFB are frequently affected by chromosomal translocations that generate fusion oncoproteins, while recent studies suggest wider roles for RUNX modulation in solid cancers. Moreover, RUNX genes are intimately involved in the development and regulation of the immune system, while emerging evidence suggests a role in innate immunity to infectious agents, including HIV. At the biochemical level, the RUNX family can serve as activators or repressors of transcription and as stable mediators of epigenetic memory through mitosis. Not surprisingly, RUNX activity is controlled at multiple levels, this includes miRNAs and a plethora of post-translational modifications. Several chapters highlight the interplay between the three mammalian RUNX genes, where cross-talk and partial functional redundancies are evident. Finally, structural analysis of the RUNX/CBFB interaction has led to the development of small molecule inhibitors that provide exciting new tools to decipher the roles of RUNX in development and as targets for therapy. This volume provides a compendium and reference source that will be of broad interest to cancer researchers, developmental biologists and immunologists.

Fundamentals of Cancer Detection, Treatment, and Prevention The professional guide to cancer diagnosis and therapy for researchers and clinicians In Fundamentals of Cancer Detection, Treatment, and Prevention, distinguished researcher Surya K. De delivers a concise and authoritative guide to cancer treatment, diagnosis, and prevention. The book offers a comprehensive overview of cancer in humans, from its causes, symptoms, and diagnosis to the variety of treatment options available today. Intuitively organized by cancer type, this guide provides concise information on risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options for all commonly encountered tumors, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. All US FDA-approved drugs--like small molecules, peptides, monoclonal antibodies, whole antibodies, gene therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, and cell therapies--are considered, and information about their generic and brand names, clinical uses, and mechanisms of action is presented. Readers will also find: A thorough overview of human cancers, including cancer risk factors and possible preventions Comprehensive explorations of bladder, blood, brain, and spinal cord cancers Practical discussions of breast, colorectal, cervical, kidney, and liver cancer In-depth examinations of lung, skin, ovarian, vaginal, vulvar, pancreatic, and prostate cancers, as well as mesothelioma Perfect for pharmaceutical chemists, oncologists, pharmacologists, and medicinal chemists, Fundamentals of Cancer Detection, Treatment, and Prevention is an indispensable guide for professional researchers, whether they are working in the clinic or the pharmaceutical industry.

This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the art review of this field, and will serve as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers with an interest in the management of thyroid nodules and cancer, including both surgeons and endocrinologists. The book reviews new data about risk factors for nodular disease and cancer, details the management of toxic and non-toxic benign thyroid nodular disease, discusses controversies in the management of indeterminate thyroid nodules and cancer, and reviews the latest data on use of molecular testing for diagnosis and prognosis. Lastly, the book reviews the management of difficult-to-treat thyroid cancers. Management of Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Practical Guide will serve as a useful resource for physicians and researchers dealing with, and interested in thyroid nodular disease and cancer. It will provide a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of the field that will help guide patient management and stimulate investigative efforts. All chapters are written by experts in their fields and include the most up to date scientific and clinical information.

This book provides a wide-ranging overview of the sexual consequences of cancer and its treatment with the aim of equipping physicians and other health care providers with the awareness and knowledge required in order to offer patients effective treatment. While sexuality may not be the primary focus for cancer patients, at some point, whether because of sexual changes or relationship issues, many patients come to acknowledge the effects that cancer and its treatment have had on their sexuality. Although the impacts are frequently similar, significant variation is observed. Some patients experience changes in all phases of sexual response, while others experience none; moreover, the consequences of the effects may be felt differently by patients and partners. Unfortunately, many physicians and health care providers remain insufficiently aware of the impact of cancer on sexuality and/or lack knowledge about the concerns of patients and the available treatments and coping strategies. A further issue is the reticence of physicians to discuss sexuality and the fear of sexologists to talk to patients about cancer. Readers will find this book to be a rich source of help in overcoming these constraints and delivering suitable care to patients.

This book focuses on malignant melanoma, discussing the current state of scientific knowledge and providing insights into the underlying basic mechanisms, the molecular changes, genetics and genomics. Human Melanoma is a dangerous type of skin cancer affecting an increasing population, and a better understanding of its development will help in finding sophisticated targeted therapies. The second revised edition features the latest research findings and offers updates on the latest advances and potential novel melanoma therapies. It is a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians working in the fields of melanoma, cancer research and therapy as well as dermatology.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common killers of the 21st century. "Bowel Cancer" will develop the reader's knowledge and skills in both theory and practice and will enable nurses to demonstrate a good understanding of the problems posed by bowel cancer. This increased awareness provides opportunities for nurses to develop strategies that further enhance the quality and effectiveness of patient care. Acknowledging the vital role of a good working relationship for those engaged in the different aspects of care, the book provides a comprehensive introduction to colorectal cancer for all health professionals. From evolution and treatment to patient and family-centred care, including consideration of an individual's social, spiritual and psychological needs, either in the hospital or the community setting, "Bowel Cancer" is an excellent overall guide for all healthcare professionals.

The subject matter of this book is the application of EMR/ESR/EPR spectroscopy for characterization of nanomaterials. Initial chapters deal with nanomaterials and their classification. Characterization of metallic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles and rare earth impurity doped nanoparticles from the (ESR) spectrum parameters are covered in the chapters that follow. A special feature of the book is EMR/ESR/EPR spectroscopic characterization of nanoparticles which are important due to their bactericidal and anticancerous properties. Strength of continuous wave (CW) is explained with the help of suitable examples. The book focuses on applications and data interpretation avoiding extensive use of mathematics so that it also caters to the need of young scientists in the life science disciplines. The book includes a comparison with other spectroscopic characterization methods so as to give an integrated approach to the reader. It will prove useful to biomedical scientists and engineers, chemists, and materials engineers in student, researcher, and practitioner positions.

This is a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to the diagnosis, clinical features and management of inherited disorders conferring cancer susceptibility. This new edition is fully updated with much more molecular, screening and management information. It covers risk analysis and genetic counseling for individuals with a family history of cancer, and also discusses predictive testing and the organization of the cancer genetics service. It aims to provide such details in a practical format for geneticists and clinicians in all disciplines. This book differs from others in the field in that it is a practical handbook for easy reference for a wide clinical audience. There is a large reference list for further details, as well as information about the genes causing mendelian cancer predisposing condition and their mechanism of action.

This second edition provides a comprehensive view of consolidated and innovative concepts, in terms of both diagnosis and treatment. Written by leading international physicians and investigators, this book emphasizes the necessity of combining local and systemic treatments to achieve the objective of yielding higher cure rates and lower toxicities. Heavily updated from the previous edition, it highlights new surgery and radiotherapy techniques, disease awareness, patient quality of life, and comprehensive management. Head-and-neck cancers are a complex clinical entity and their response to treatment is also known to vary markedly in function of host-related factors. Notwithstanding the impressive progresses observed in the field of imaging, head and neck cancers are often diagnosed at a late stage and the presence of locally advanced disease in a significant number of patients implies the use of aggressive treatments in order to both ensure local disease control and reduce distant metastasis risks. In comparison with the first edition, Head and Neck Cancer, Second Edition provides a detailed update of innovative concepts in chemo- and bio-radiation, viral infection impact on tumor growth and response to treatment, and impact of tumor- and host-related factors on treatment outcome.

This edited volume discusses the complexity of tumor microenvironments during cancer development, progression and treatment. Each chapter presents a different mathematical model designed to investigate the interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding stroma and stromal cells. The topics covered in this book include the quantitative image analysis of a tumor microenvironment, the microenvironmental barriers in oxygen and drug delivery to tumors, the development of tumor microenvironmental niches and sanctuaries, intravenous transport of the circulating tumor cells, the role of the tumor microenvironment in chemotherapeutic interventions, the interactions between tumor cells, the extracellular matrix, the interstitial fluid, and the immune and stromal cells. Mathematical models discussed here embrace both continuous and agent-based approaches, as well as mathematical frameworks of solid mechanics, fluid dynamics and optimal control theory. The topics in each chapter will be of interest to a biological community wishing to apply the mathematical methods to interpret their experimental data, and to a biomathematical audience interested in exploring how mathematical models can be used to address complex questions in cancer biology.

Much has changed since the first book "Paediatric Oncology: Acute Nursing Care" (1999), therefore, this new edition encompasses these changes in relation to the practice itself and the evidence that underpins it. Emphasis is placed on ensuring terminology is accurate, in keeping with the language of the current day.

The book is divided into six sections: Chemotherapy, Haematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation, General Surgery, Radiotherapy, Late Effects of cancer therapies, and Palliative Care. There is a brief commentary at the end of each section/chapter by a 'novice' author but experienced practitioner, highlighting to the reader what is already known and what the section/chapter adds to their current knowledge and practice.