Himalaya, the world's most prominent mountain system of the world is a source of sustainence for the social, cultural and economic development of population across different countries. Unscientific, small-scale mining for harnessing reounrces including minerals has caused ecosystem damage. Therefore, an integrated and holistic approach to deal with the resource management is required. This book makes a focussed effort to explain how mining in the Himalaya is practiced with discussions pertaining to critiques and lacunas of mining and environmental practices. Status of mining practices in Himalaya is included along with the legal/environmental repercussions of mining.

Utah's Uinta Basin contains one of the largest oil shale resources in the United States. This book examines many of the issues surrounding oil shale development in the Uinta Basin. Focusing on research conducted by investigators associated with The University of Utah's Institute for Clean and Secure Energy (ICSE), the chapters in this book build on each other across a range of scales and of disciplines to present a comprehensive picture of the opportunities and challenges facing this nascent industry. Scales range from the molecular analysis of kerogen to the basin-scale analysis of oil shale geology. Legal, policy, geologic, chemical, economic, and engineering perspectives provide insight into the nature of the Uinta Basin oil shale resource and the potential costs (both financial and environmental) of its extraction. This book integrates the various analyses in two ways. First, the Skyline 16 oil shale core, which was drilled in the Uinta Basin as part of this research, was the source of samples for much of the work that is discussed in this book. Second, the latter chapters of this book incorporate models and data from the earlier chapters to (1) produce a suite of in situ simulation scenarios that study the effect of well arrangement on energy ratio and (2) evaluate costs and air quality issues associated with these scenarios.

The sustainable use of natural resources is an important global challenge, and improved metal sustainability is a crucial goal for the 21st century in order to conserve the supply of critical metals and mitigate the environmental and health issues resulting from unrecovered metals. Metal Sustainability: Global Challenges, Consequences and Prospects discusses important topics and challenges associated with sustainability in metal life cycles, from mining ore to beneficiation processes, to product manufacture, to recovery from end-of-life materials, to environmental and health concerns resulting from generated waste. The broad perspective presented highlights the global interdependence of the many stages of metal life cycles. Economic issues are emphasized and relevant environmental, health, political, industrial and societal issues are discussed. The importance of applying green chemistry principles to metal sustainability is emphasized. Topics covered include: Recycling and sustainable utilization of precious and specialty metals Formal and informal recycling from electronic and other high-tech wastes Global management of electronic wastes Metal reuse and recycling in developing countries Effects of toxic and other metal releases on the environment and human health Effect on bacteria of toxic metal release Selective recovery of platinum group metals and rare earth metals Metal sustainability from a manufacturing perspective Economic perspectives on sustainability, mineral development, and metal life cycles Closing the Loop Minerals Industry Issues The aim of this book is to improve awareness of the increasingly important role metals play in our high-tech society, the need to conserve our metal supply throughout the metal life cycle, the importance of improved metal recycling, and the effects that unhindered metal loss can have on the environment and on human health.

Contents:
Preface 1. Fundamental Concepts and Definitions 1.1 Non-ferrous Metals 1.2 Deposits and Ores of Non-ferrous Metals 1.3 Technogenic Deposits 1.4 Ways of Valuable Component Extraction 1.5 Evaluation of Deposits and Mineral Resources 1.6 Definition of Minerals by Processing 1.7 mineral Losses, Waste and Secondary Resources 2. Geology and Geography of Non-ferrous Metals Ore Distribution in the Former USSR 2.1 General Information 2.2 Regional Geology and Deposits of Russia 2.3 Mineral Resources of Ukraine 2.4 Mineral Resources of Georgia 2.5 Mineral Resources of Armenia 2.6 Mineral Resources of Azerbaijan 2.7 Mineral Resources of Kazakhstan 2.8 Mineral Resources of Uzbekistan 2.9 Mineral Resources of Kyrgyzstan 2.10 Mineral Resources of Tajikistan 2.11 Mineral Resources of Turkmenistan 3, Ores, Ore Complexes, Orebodies 3.1 Geochemical Description of Deposits 3.2 Geochemistry of Minerals 3.3 Genesis of Ores and Minerals 3.4 Paragenesis of Minerals 3.5 Ore Complexes 3.6 Technogenic Ores of Non-ferrous Metals 3.7 Orebodies 3.8 Mining of Ore Deposits 4. Mineralurgy. Ore Dressing 4.1 The Technological Systemization of Minerals 4.2 Mineralogy of Non-ferrous Metals 4.3 Mechanical Properties of Minerals. Ore Preparation 4.4 Physical Properties of Minerals. Primary Concentration 4.5 Physicochemical Properties and Floatability of Minerals. Flotation 4.6 Chemical and Thermal Properties of Minerals. Hydrometallurgy 4.7 Concentrating and Selection of Minerals 4.8 Prediction of Ore Dressability 4.9 Interaction of Conversion Stages. Production Combination References Appendix Index

Papers cover: laboratory and in-situ testing; coupled effects and permeability; creep damage and dilatancy; constitutive modelling; crushed salt behaviour; numerical modelling; storage and disposal projects; mining applications; case studies; and salt pillars and cavities.

An understanding of the behavioural properties of water is fundamental to gaining an appreciation of many scientific processes and principles. Science students and teachers will therefore find Water not only interesting reading but also of considerable relevance to their studies.

Originally published in 1984. This book addresses the economics of the changing mineral industry, which is highly affected by energy economics. The study estimates, in quantitative terms, the short- to mid-term consequences of rising energy prices alongside falling ore quality for the copper and aluminum industries. The effects of changing cost factors on substitution between metals is assessed as is the potential for relying on increased recycling. Copper and aluminum industry problems should be representative of those faced by the mineral processing sector as a whole. Two complex econometric models presented here produce forecasts for the industries and the book discusses and reviews other econometric commodity models.

Information on the petroleum geology of the North Sea continues to accrue at an astounding rate, which alone would warrant a fourth edition of this classic work. However, since the publication of the third edition emphasis within the petroleum industry has shifted from exploration to the appraisal and development of existing hydrocarbon resources. This change is reflected in this new edition, which has been significantly expanded to accomodate the additional material. The centrepiece of the book, however, remains a series of descriptions, in stratigraphic order, of the depositional history and

Aggregate Resources provides a comprehensive collection of 27 diverse scientific papers on aggregate topics, such as geology of deposits, geophysical exploration techniques, deposit prediction and modeling, land-use case studies, production values and trends, geotechnical properties, legislation politics and others. This diversity in subject matter is further enhanced by relying on contributions from a number of countries including Australia, Belgium, Canada, Lebanon, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. The range of topical papers and representative countries, coupled with the global significance of the resources prompted the title Aggregate Resources: A global perspective. The book will appeal to all those involved with aggregate resources: geologists, producers, technicians, construction engineers, developers, land-use planners, legislators, academics and the public consumer, especially since all of us are in some manner, directly dependent or indirectly affected by this resource.

*Each chapter is a study on a particular area of importance for aggregate producers. Pit & Quarry, April 1998.

Introduces geophysical methods used to explore for natural resources and to survey earth structure for purposes of geological and engineering knowledge. These methods include seismic refraction and reflection surveying, gravity and magnetic field surveying, electrical resistivity and electromagnetic field surveying, and geophysical well logging. Covers modern field procedures and instruments, as well as data processing and interpretation techniques, including graphical methods. All basic surveying methods are described step-by-step, and illustrated by practical examples. Well illustrated.

Covering the subject of ground control in mining, this volume looks at such topics as: rock-slab theory of ground pressure in work and practice, the role of in situ-stress in mine planning, and the status of the art of cable bolting.

This volume contains papers presented at the 30th International Geological Congress on coal. It includes information on the applications of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy to paralicand terrestrial coal-bearing strata and petrology and depositional environment of Early Jurassic coal.

The behaviour of gold in sedimentary, magmatic and postmagmatic processes are studied and 40 gold-bearing minerals including ten which were recently discovered are described. The results are presented of new experimental studies on phase relations in gold-sulphide systems. The solubility & form of gold migration in high-temperature chloride, sulphide and arsenic solutions are determined. Based on the new data, the genesis of gold deposits is studied and a geochemical classification proposed. This book is designed for specialists in the field of gold chemistry, geochemistry and mineralogy and for field geologists surveying and prospecting for gold.

David I. Spanagel explores the origins of American geology and the culture that promoted it in nineteenth-century New York. Focusing on Amos Eaton, the educator and amateur scientist who founded the Rensselaer School, and DeWitt Clinton, the masterful politician who led the movement for the Erie Canal, Spanagel shows how a cluster of assumptions about the peculiar landscape and entrepreneurial spirit of New York came to define the Empire State. In so doing, he sheds light on a particularly innovative and fruitful period of interplay among science, politics, art, and literature in American history.

Originally published in 1984. This book addresses the economics of the changing mineral industry, which is highly affected by energy economics. The study estimates, in quantitative terms, the short- to mid-term consequences of rising energy prices alongside falling ore quality for the copper and aluminum industries. The effects of changing cost factors on substitution between metals is assessed as is the potential for relying on increased recycling. Copper and aluminum industry problems should be representative of those faced by the mineral processing sector as a whole. Two complex econometric models presented here produce forecasts for the industries and the book discusses and reviews other econometric commodity models.

Originally published in 1976, this study was undertaken to fill a gap in knowledge about non-fuel resources and the advantages and disadvantages of specific methodologies of analysing material modelling. Mineral Materials Modeling examines the influence of factors such as raw material price and availability, technological aspects and related environmental questions in relation to both economic and mathematical models. The results are particularly helpful in terms of forecasting, policy development and decision-making about mineral materials as well as assessing the usefulness of different types of model. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental Studies as well as policy makers and professionals.

This book review series presents current trends in modern biotechnology. The aim is to cover all aspects of this interdisciplinary technology where knowledge, methods and expertise are required from chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, genetics, chemical engineering and computer science. Volumes are organized topically and provide a comprehensive discussion of developments in the respective field over the past 3-5 years. The series also discusses new discoveries and applications. Special volumes are dedicated to selected topics which focus on new biotechnological products and new processes for their synthesis and purification. In general, special volumes are edited by well-known guest editors. The series editor and publisher will however always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Manuscripts are accepted in English.

Unique in focus, Surface Chemistry and Geochemistry of Hydraulic Fracturing examines the surface chemistry and phenomena in the hydrofracking process. Under great scrutiny as of late, the physico-chemical properties of hydrofracking are fully detailed and explained. Topics include the adsorption-desorption of gas on the shale reservoir surface and relevant waste-water treatment dependent on various surface chemistry principles. The aim of this book is to help engineers and research scientists recognize the basic surface chemistry principles related to this subject. Written by a long-time expert in the field, this book presents an unbiased account of the hard science and engineering involved in a resource that is gaining growing attention within the community.

David I. Spanagel explores the origins of American geology and the culture that promoted it in nineteenth-century New York. Focusing on Amos Eaton, the educator and amateur scientist who founded the Rensselaer School, and DeWitt Clinton, the masterful politician who led the movement for the Erie Canal, Spanagel shows how a cluster of assumptions about the peculiar landscape and entrepreneurial spirit of New York came to define the Empire State. In so doing, he sheds light on a particularly innovative and fruitful period of interplay among science, politics, art, and literature in American history.

Electrokinetics is a term applied to a group of physicochemical phenomena involving the transport of charges, action of charged particles, effects of applied electric potential and fluid transport in various porous media to allow for a desired migration or flow to be achieved. These phenomena include electrokinetics, electroosmosis, ion migration, electrophoresis, streaming potential and electroviscosity. These phenomena are closely related and all contribute to the transport and migration of different ionic species and chemicals in porous media. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of a porous medium and the pore fluid, and the magnitudes of the applied electrical potential all impact the direction and velocity of the fluid flow. Also, an electrical potential is generated upon the forced passage of fluid carrying charged particles through a porous medium. The use of electrokinetics in the field of petroleum and environmental engineering was groundbreaking when George Chilingar pioneered its use decades ago, but it has only been in recent years that its full potential has been studied. This is the first volume of its kind ever written, offering the petroleum or environmental engineer a practical "how to" book on using electrokinetics for more efficient and better oil recovery and recovery from difficult reservoirs. This groundbreaking volume is a must-have for any petroleum engineer working in the field, and for students and faculty in petroleum engineering departments worldwide.

Originally published in 1976, this study was undertaken to fill a gap in knowledge about non-fuel resources and the advantages and disadvantages of specific methodologies of analysing material modelling. Mineral Materials Modeling examines the influence of factors such as raw material price and availability, technological aspects and related environmental questions in relation to both economic and mathematical models. The results are particularly helpful in terms of forecasting, policy development and decision-making about mineral materials as well as assessing the usefulness of different types of model. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental Studies as well as policy makers and professionals.

Studies the Environmental, Cosmetic, and Pharmaceutical Applications of Bentonite Clay Bentonite clay, of which members of the smectite family of clay minerals are particularly important, has proven to be effective in sealing off wastes from groundwater. Bentonite Clay: Environmental Properties and Applications explores the mineralogy of clays in general and of smectites in particular that represent challenging conditions for geotechnical professionals responsible for earth dam construction, the foundations of roads and buildings, and the long-term isolation of chemical and radioactive wastes. The author, a world-renowned expert on the subject, places special emphasis on the environmental behavior of bentonite clay when focused on the isolation of hazardous wastes and also considers its use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Based on classical literature and current research and development, this text provides an in-depth introduction to bentonite soil, explains the origin of smectite-rich clays, and pinpoints where they can be found. The book describes the interaction of expandable clay minerals, gas, and fluids, followed by a description of the physical and chemical properties of smectite clay saturated with water or chemical solutions. It also provides relevant findings and conclusions concerning the function of bentonite-based sealing repositories for dangerous waste. This text: Describes the constitution of smectite minerals as a basis for understanding the behavior of smectite clays and their performance in the isolation of hazardous waste Factors in the longevity of smectite clays in bentonite beds and in the form of canister-embedding buffers in repositories for deep geological disposal of highly radioactive waste (HLW) Covers the design principles for clay seals and considers their function in the isolation of waste and redirecting groundwater flow Bentonite Clay: Environmental Properties and Applications documents the origin, properties, and characteristics of bentonite and its uses. A resource for researchers, practitioners, regulators, and policy makers, the text examines the use of clay in hazardous waste and nuclear waste management and provides readers with detailed descriptions of related technical solutions.

Natural gas is the world s cleanest fossil fuel; it generates less air pollution and releases less CO2 per unit of useful energy than liquid fuels or coals. With its vast supplies of conventional resources and nonconventional stores, the extension of long-distance gas pipelines and the recent expansion of liquefied natural gas trade, a truly global market has been created for this clean fuel. Natural Gas: Fuel for the 21st Century discusses the place and prospects of natural gas in modern high-energy societies. Vaclav Smil presents a systematic survey of the qualities, origins, extraction, processing and transportation of natural gas, followed by a detailed appraisal of its many preferred, traditional and potential uses, and the recent emergence of the fuel as a globally traded commodity. The unfolding diversification of sources, particularly hydraulic fracturing, and the role of natural gas in national and global energy transitions are described. The book concludes with a discussion on the advantages, risks, benefits and costs of natural gas as a leading, if not dominant, fuel of the 21st century. This interdisciplinary text will be of interest to a wide readership concerned with global energy affairs including professionals and academics in energy and environmental science, policy makers, consultants and advisors with an interest in the rapidly-changing global energy industry.

One major goal of the World Materials Research Institute Forum - WMRIF is to promote young scientists in the field of materials science and engineering. To enhance the international knowledge exchange between young postdoctoral scientists all over the world, WMRIF meanwhile regularly organizes joint workshops among the member institutes. These workshops also represent an increasingly appreciated platform to get known to each other and to build co-operations. For such workshops, various topics are selected, pointing to future perspectives and challenges in the field of Materials Science and Engineering.

This time, the presentations of the workshop focused on the four subjects

Challenges in conclusive, realistic and system oriented materials testing

Materials challenges for water supply

Materials challenges in the extraction and recovery of scarce elements and minerals

Materials challenges for nuclear fission and fusion.

This book comprises the peer-reviewed contributions during the 2nd International Workshop for Young Materials Scientists at BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany. It also provides a very informative overview of recent results for all materials scientists.