This volume comprises a set of high-quality, refereed papers that address the different aspects related to the geotechnical and structural design and construction of deep excavations, tunnels and underground space facilities as well as the effect of their construction on the surroundings. The papers cover planning, design, modeling, monitoring and construction aspects of these essential structures. The utilization of underground space using tunneling and deep excavations has become much needed to support the increasing needs of urban environments and to allow for functional extensions and sustainable developments in heavily congested areas. Recently, more utilities and transportation transit systems have been relocated underground because of scarcity of surface space. The growing interest in the use of underground space has necessitated commensurate advancements in related fields (geotechnical engineering, engineering geology and structural engineering), design tools, construction techniques and analytical and interpretation methods. The volume is based on the best contributions to the 2nd GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2018 - The official international congress of the Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE).

This volume brings together scientific experts in different areas that contribute to the railway track and transportation engineering challenges, evaluate the state-of-the-art, identify the shortcomings and opportunities for research and promote the interaction with the industry. In particular, scientific topics that are addressed in this volume include railway ballasted track degradation/settlement problems and stabilization/reinforcement technologies, switches and crossings and related derailments causes, train-induced vibrations and mitigation measures, operations, management and performance of ground transportation, and traffic congestion and safety procedures. The volume is based on the best contributions to the 2nd GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2018 - The official international congress of the Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE).

This volume deals with the advanced analysis of shallow foundations. Several research studies are considered including soil plasticity, cracking, reaching the soil bearing capacity, creep, etc. Dynamic analyses together with stability analysis are also discussed. It gives wide range of topics dealing with the shallow foundations in different parts of the world. The volume is based on the best contributions to the 2nd GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2018 - The official international congress of the Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE).

This book deals with the attempts made by the scientists, researchers and practitioners to address different emerging issues in transportation and geotechnical engineering. Papers focus on the following: (i) polymer-based dust suppressant,(ii) cement concrete materials, (iii) pavement preservation techniques, (iv) frost front in a cold-region circular tunnel, (v) metro station in non-cemented soil, (vi) seismic-liquefaction, (vii) mechanical responses of asphalt pavement at bridge approach, (viii) warm mix asphalt, and (ix) behavior of pile foundation. This volume is useful for the researchers and practitioners who work in the area transportation and geotechincal engineering. Papers were selected from the 5th GeoChina International Conference 2018 - Civil Infrastructures Confronting Severe Weathers and Climate Changes: From Failure to Sustainability, held on July 23 to 25, 2018 in HangZhou, China.

This volume includes a unique group of chapters focusing on new advances in materials for infrastructure sustainability. Chapters have been well-organized and handled by a group of international experts in order to discuss a timely topic with regards to the sustainable infrastructures. This volume is part of the proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2017.

The book introduces tourism earth-science as a new scientific discipline by applying the principles of earth-science in the study of natural and human tourism resources. It involves studying the geo-scientific characteristics of these tourism resources through surveys, evaluation and aesthetic value assessment. It also discusses about the principles behind geopark establishment and management. It is an important publication providing direction for geopark and tourism developments in China. The book is a tool for geological heritage survey, assessment and research. It can also be used to assist planning of geopark, national parks, heritage protection and scientific interpretation. It is a valuable teaching material for teachers and students of geoscience and tourism as well as providing useful guidance for geopark managers and tour guides in their operation. In addition, the book also offers scientific knowledge of the surrounding natural and cultural landscapes to the public and the general visitors.

As it has grown in length and level through successive edtions, the same author's "Introduction to Ore Geology" (now Ore Geology and Industrial Minerals) has left behind its original audience: first- and second -ear students. This new textbook, designed to fill that niche, was written specifically for introductory courses. Introduction to Economic Geology and Its Environmental Impact covers oil, coal, water and nuclear fuels, as well as economically important ores and bulk minerals. In keeping with current concerns and constraints, particular attention is paid to the impact of mining and drilling on the environment

This book incorporates original and review articles on several aspects of petroleum geosciences from Indian terrains, both onshore and offshore, and includes diverse geological (tectonic, sedimentological, organic geochemical, paleontological, stratigraphic, modelling and various others), geophysical methods and policy aspects.

The book is a thoughtful discussion with scientists studying convergent plate boundaries such as the well-known, active India-Eurasia collision zone. It provides a comprehensive collection of petrographic images of ophiolitic rocks exhumed from oceanic lithosphere and mantle at the India-Asia plate boundary. Ophiolite is exposed in the northwestern Himalayas, eastern Indian plate margin and Andaman-Nicobar Islands. At the eastern margin, it occurs in a narrow strip comprising mantle peridotite tectonite, cummulate peridotite-gabbro-plagiogranite-anorthosite, mafic dyke, volcanics and oceanic sediments. Low temperature/high pressure rocks including blueschists and eclogites were extensively studied recently. Ophiolite derived sediments and podiform chromites will also be discussed to provide complete details. Supplemental maps, geological sections, field sketches and photographs will explain the structure, stratigraphy, ore mineralization, and metamorphic history.

This edited volume brings together findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of structural engineering, applied to buildings, bridges and infrastructures in general. It focuses on the application of advanced experimental and numerical techniques and new technologies to the built environment. This volume is part of the proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2017.

The widespread mafic-ultramafic complexes in the Earth are well-known as their hosting Ni-Cu-PGE ore deposits, and their petrogenesis and mineralization have become hot issues in the geological studies. This thesis comprehensively investigated the petrology, mineralogy, geochemistry and geochronology of several mafic-ultramafic complexes in the Beishan Terrane, southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt aimed at systematically determining the mineralization and petrogenetic processes responsible for the formation of the complexes and placing constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Eastern Tianshan and Beishan, and the Early Permian mantle plume. The thesis identified mineralizing indicators of Ni-Cu sulfide deposits and defined the roles of partial melting, fractional crystallization, crustal assimilation and magma injection. The systematical isotopic compositions revealed the mantle source of the mafic-ultramafic complexes had undergone the subduction-related modifications both from the South Tianshan Ocean and subsequently the Junggar Ocean, and that the complexes were emplaced in the period of 269-285 Ma coeval with the 280 Ma mantle plume event in the Tarim Craton. The results of this thesis provide new insights about the tectonic setting, magma evolution, ore genesis, and exploration implications of the mafic-ultramafic complexes in Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Dr. Benxun Su works at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

This book provides a representative assessment of the state of the art of research on Paleogene rotaliid larger foraminifera. It gives an overview of the current understanding of systematics of this group and, in particular, of its biostratigraphic importance and palaeobiogeography. The senior author of the work, late Professor Hottinger, a leading scientist in the field, both from a systematic and applied side, presents in this book his most recent advances. The foraminiferal family Rotaliidae is a traditional group used frequently which plays an important role for petroleum exploration in the biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography of Paleogene shallow water deposits in the Middle East. This book aims to introduce rotaliid representatives as index fossils that can be recognized in random thin-sections of cemented rocks. The book is generously illustrated with an unprecedented degree of accuracy. The selection of taxa is restricted to forms having lived in the Paleocene and the Eocene, where their biostratigraphic significance is much higher than during later epochs. However, some additional rotaliid taxa, from the Late Cretaceous or that do not belong to the family Rotaliidae sensu stricto, are included in this book in order to demonstrate particular roots of rotaliid phylogenetic lineages in the previous community maturation cycle or to delimit the taxon Rotaliidae with more precision. This book can be considered as a reference in the field.

Presented here is the story of the mining and sale of uranium and radium ore through biographical vignettes, chemistry, physics, geology, geography, occupational health, medical utilization, environmental safety and industrial history. Included are the people and places involved over the course of over 90 years of interconnected mining and sale of radium and uranium, finally ending in 1991 with the abandonment of radium paint and medical devices, Soviet nuclear parity, and the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act.

Over the last six decades, the field of geophysics has experienced rapid development. Seismic methods, magnetic studies, hydrology and atmospheric sciences have expanded thanks to a boom in the computer sciences and measurement techniques. The frontiers of geophysics have also expanded, now including research on the polar areas, both Arctic and Antarctic. All these events are clearly reflected in the 60-year-long history of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences. This volume describes the most prominent achievements, the history of research and also the future potential of the Institute of Geophysics PAS. It describes measurements in various projects, methods of interpreting scientific data, and last but not least the people who have driven this research in many scientific projects.

This volume on "Advancement in the Design and Performance of Sustainable Asphalt Pavements" includes a collection of research and practical papers from an international research and technology activities on Mixture Design Innovation, Structural Pavement Design, Advancement in Production and Construction, Climate Changes and Effects on Infrastructure, Green Energy, Technology and Integration. The volume constitutes an important contribution in view of the urgent need to develop materials, designs, and practices to ensure the sustainability of transportation infrastructure. This volume is part of the proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2017.

With high urbanization rates, advancement in technologies, and changes in consumption behavior of people, wastes generated through the daily activities of individuals and organizations pose many challenges in their management. The articles presented in this edited volume deal with the attempts made by the scientists and practitioners to address contemporary issues in geoenvironmental engineering such as characterization of dredged sediments, geomaterials & waste, valorization of waste, sustainability in waste management and some other geoenvironmental issues that are becoming quite relevant in today's world. This volume is part of the proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2017.

This volume on "Advances in Analysis and Design of Deep Foundations" contains 22 technical papers which cover various aspects of analysis and design of deep foundations based on full-scale field testing, numerical modeling, and analytical solutions. The technical papers are 8-10 pages long that present the results and findings from research as well as practical-oriented studies on deep foundations that are of interest to civil/geotechnical engineering community. The topics cover a wide spectrum of applications that include evaluation of the axial and lateral capacity of piles, pile group effects, evaluation of the increase in pile capacity with time (or pile setup), influence of excavation on pile capacity, study the behavior of pile raft caisson foundations, evaluate the bearing capacity and settlement of piles from cone penetration tests, etc. This volume is part of the proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2017.

The ongoing population growth is resulting in rapid urbanization, new infrastructure development and increasing demand for the Earth's natural resources (e.g., water, oil/gas, minerals). This, together with the current climate change and increasing impact of natural hazards, imply that the engineering geology profession is called upon to respond to new challenges. It is recognized that these challenges are particularly relevant in the developing and newly industrialized regions. The idea beyond this volume is to highlight the role of engineering geology and geological engineering in fostering sustainable use of the Earth's resources, smart urbanization and infrastructure protection from geohazards. We selected 19 contributions from across the globe (16 countries, five continents), which cover a wide spectrum of applied interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research, from geology to engineering. By illustrating a series of practical case studies, the volume offers a rather unique opportunity to share the experiences of engineering geologists and geological engineers who tackle complex problems working in different environmental and social settings. The specific topics addressed by the authors of chapters included in the volume are the following: pre-design site investigations; physical and mechanical properties of engineering soils; novel, affordable sensing technologies for long-term geotechnical monitoring of engineering structures; slope stability assessments and monitoring in active open-cast mines; control of environmental impacts and hazards posed by abandoned coal mines; assessment of and protection from geohazards (landslides, ground fracturing, coastal erosion); applications of geophysical surveying to investigate active faults and ground instability; numerical modeling of seabed deformations related to active faulting; deep geological repositories and waste disposal; aquifer assessment based on the integrated hydrogeological and geophysical investigation; use of remote sensing and GIS tools for the detection of environmental hazards and mapping of surface geology. This volume is part of the proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2017.

Earthwork projects are critical components in civil construction and often require detailed management techniques and unique solution methods to address failures. Being earth bound, earthwork is influenced by geomaterial properties at the onset of a project. Hence, an understanding of the in-situ soil properties is essential. Slope stability is a common problem facing earthwork construction, such as excavations and shored structures. Analytical methods for slope stability remain critical for researchers due to the mechanical complexity of the system. Striving for better earthwork project managements, the geotechnical engineering community continues to find improved testing techniques for determining sensitive properties of soil and rock, including stress-wave based, non-destructive testing methods. To minimize failure during earthwork construction, past case studies and data may reveal useful lessons and information to improve project management and minimize economic losses. This volume is part of the proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2017.

This volume presents innovative work on innovative methods, tools and practices aimed at supporting the transition of Asian and Middle Eastern cities and regions towards a more smart and sustainable dimension. The role of the built and urban environment are becoming more pronounced in Asia and Middle East as the regions continues to experience rapid increase in population and urbanisation, which have only led to an increase in environmental degradation but also rise in energy consumption and emissions. Individual chapters covers timely topics such as sustainable infrastructure, transportation, renewable energy, water and methods supporting an innovative and sustainable development of urban areas. Real-world examples are presented to highlight recent developments and advancements in design, construction and transportation infrastructures. This volume is part of the proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2017.

Diamonds are a multi-billion dollar business involving some of the world's largest mining companies, a million and a half artisanal diggers, more than a million cutters and polishers and a huge retail jewellery sector. But behind the sparkle of the diamond lies a murkier story, in which rebel armies in Angola, Sierra Leone and the Congo turned to diamonds to finance their wars. Completely unregulated, so-called blood diamonds became the perfect tool for money laundering, tax evasion, drug-running and weapons-trafficking. Diamonds brings together for the first time all aspects of the diamond industry. In it, Ian Smillie, former UN Security Council investigator and leading figure in the blood diamonds campaign, offers a comprehensive analysis of the history and structure of today's diamond trade, the struggle for effective regulation and the challenges ahead. There is, he argues, greater diversification and competition than ever before, but thanks to the success of the Kimberley Process, this coveted and prestigious gem now represents a fragile but renewed opportunity for development in some of the world's poorest nations. This part of the diamond story has rarely been told.

The latest knowledge on mineral ore genesis and the exploration of ore deposits Global demand for metals has risen considerably over the past decade. Geologists are developing new approaches for studying ore deposits and discovering new sources. Ore Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation is a compilation of diverse case studies on new prospects in ore deposit geology including atypical examples of mineral deposits and new methods for ore exploration. Volume highlights include: Presentation of the latest research on a range of ore deposit types Application of ore deposits to multiple areas of geology and geophysical exploration Emphasis on diverse methods and tools for the study of ore deposits Useful case studies for geologists in both academia and industry Ore Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation is a valuable resource for economic geologists, mineralogists, petrologists, geochemists, mining engineers, research professionals, and advanced students in relevant areas of academic study. Read an interview with the editors to find out more: https: //eos.org/editors-vox/developments-in-the-continuing-search-for-new-mineral-deposits

The research work on the topic of ‘‘Tomography of the Earth’s Crust: From Geophysical Sounding to Real-Time Monitoring’’ has focused on the development of cross-scale multiparameter methods and their technological application together with the development of innovative field techniques. Seismic wave field inversion theory, diffusion and potential methods were developed and optimized with respect to cost and benefit aspects. This volume summarizes the scientific results of nine interdisciplinary joint projects funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research in the framework of the Research and Development Program GEOTECHNOLOGIEN. Highlights and innovations presented cover many length scales and involve targets ranging from applications in the laboratory, to ground water surveys of heterogeneous aquifer, geotechnical applications like tunnel excavation, coal mine and CO2 monitoring and the imaging and monitoring of tectonic and societally relevant objects as active faults and volcanoes. To study these objects, the authors use the full spectrum of geophysical methods (ultrasonics, seismic and seismology, electromagnetics, gravity, and airborne) in combination with new methods like seismic interferometry, diffuse wave field theory and full-wave-form inversion in 3D and partially also in 4D. Geophysical Sounding to Real-Time Monitoring’’ has focused on the development of cross-scale multiparameter methods and their technological application together with the development of innovative field techniques. Seismic wave field inversion theory, diffusion and potential methods were developed and optimized with respect to cost and benefit aspects. This volume summarizes the scientific results of nine interdisciplinary joint projects funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research in the framework of the Research and Development Program GEOTECHNOLOGIEN. Highlights and innovations presented cover many length scales and involve targets ranging from applications in the laboratory, to ground water surveys of heterogeneous aquifer, geotechnical applications like tunnel excavation, coal mine and CO2 monitoring and the imaging and monitoring of tectonic and societally relevant objects as active faults and volcanoes. To study these objects, the authors use the full spectrum of geophysical methods (ultrasonics, seismic and seismology, electromagnetics, gravity, and airborne) in combination with new methods like seismic interferometry, diffuse wave field theory and full-wave-form inversion in 3D and partially also in 4D. 2 monitoring and the imaging and monitoring of tectonic and societally relevant objects as active faults and volcanoes. To study these objects, the authors use the full spectrum of geophysical methods (ultrasonics, seismic and seismology, electromagnetics, gravity, and airborne) in combination with new methods like seismic interferometry, diffuse wave field theory and full-wave-form inversion in 3D and partially also in 4D.

This Brief offers a comprehensive study covering the different aspects of gas allocation optimization in petroleum engineering. It contains different methods of defining the fitness function, dealing with constraints and selecting the optimizer; in each chapter a detailed literature review is included which covers older and important studies as well as recent publications. This book will be of use for production engineers and students interested in gas lift optimization.

Cities built on unconsolidated sediments consisting of clays, silt, peat, and sand, are particularly susceptible to subsidence. Such regions are common in delta areas, where rivers empty into the oceans, along flood plains adjacent to rivers, and in coastal marsh lands. Building cities in such areas aggravates the problem for several reasons: 1. Construction of buildings and streets adds weight to the region causing additional soil deformations. 2. Often the regions have to be drained in order to be occupied. This results in lowering of the water table and leads to hydro-compaction. 3. Often the groundwater is used as a source of water for both human consumption and industrial use. 4. Levees and dams are often built to prevent or control flooding. Earth fissures caused by ground failure in areas of uneven or differential compaction have damaged buildings, roads and highways, railroads, flood-control structures and sewer lines. As emphasized by Barends , "in order to develop a legal framework to claims and litigation, it is essential that direct and indirect causes of land subsidence effects can be quantified with sufficient accuracy from a technical and scientific point of view." Most existing methods and software applications treat the subsidence problem by analyzing one of the causes. This is due to the fact that the causes appear at different spatial scales. For example, over-pumping creates large scale subsidence, while building loading creates local subsidence/consolidation only. Then, maximum permissible land subsidence (or consolidation) is a constraint in different management problems such as: groundwater management, planning of town and/or laws on building construction. It is, therefore, necessary to quantify the contribution of each cause to soil subsidence of the ground surface in cities urban area. In this text book, we present an engineering approach based on the Biot system of equations to predict the soil settlement due to subsidence, resulting from different causes. Also we present a case study of The Bangkok Metropolitan Area (BMA).