A heavy backlog of gaseous, liquid, and solid pollution has resulted from a lack of development in pollution control. Because of this, a need for a collection of original research in water and wastewater treatment, industrial waste management, and soil and ground water pollution exists. Advanced Treatment Techniques for Industrial Wastewater is an innovative collection of research that covers the different aspects of environmental engineering in water and wastewater treatment processes as well as the different techniques and systems for pollution management. Highlighting a range of topics such as agriculture pollution, hazardous waste management, and sewage farming, this book is an important reference for environmental engineers, waste authorities, solid waste management companies, landfill operators, legislators, environmentalists, and academicians seeking research on waste management.

UV-Visible Spectrophotometry of Water and Wastewater is the first book dedicated to the use of UV spectrophotometry for water and wastewater quality monitoring. Using practical examples the reader is shown how this technique can be a source of new methods of characterization and measurement. Easy and fast to run, this simple and robust analytical technique must be considered as one of the best ways to obtain a quantitative estimation of specific or aggregate parameters (eg. Nitrate, TOC), and simultaneously qualitative information on the global composition of water and its variation.
* First electronic library of UV-spectra providing data readily available for researchers and users
* Provides a theoretical basis for further research in the field of spectra exploitation
* Contains helpful practical applications

This book presents the design and development of an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled, smart sensor to detect nitrate contamination in natural water. It considers three different sensors designed, fabricated and configured for nitrate detection: a Graphite/PDMS and Si-based MEMS sensors, and aFR4-based sensor. It also introduces a selective polymer material developed by means of the ion imprinting polymerization technique that was used as a coating on the Si-based MEMS sensor. Further, the book discusses the development of a smart sensing system that can be used to remotely monitor the nitrate concentration in any water. Fully explaining all the techniques used, the book is of interest to engineers, researchers and scientists working in the field of the water-quality measurement.

This book highlights the need for effective water governance in India given the fact that the country has been facing serious water stress in recent years. The water management in the country needs a serious scientific understanding coupled with the cooperative approach rather than a competitive one. It looks at current water regulations and underlines the need for overhaul of some laws to ensure that high water usage efficiency is attained, groundwater depletion is arrested and management of available resources is carried out in a disciplined manner. It also looks at the role of stakeholder engagement and pricing as a mechanism to manage demand in the wake of rapid population growth and industrialization.

The book is the first of its kind to deal with almost the entire swath of water resources assessment, development and sustainable management. The idea of the book crystallized during the long journey of the Editors on various facets of water issues in India and abroad during their extended association, at all levels with the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, as well as International Organizations dealing with water. Currently water-stressed, India is likely to become water scarce in not too distant a future. The global freshwater supply and its sustainable use for human consumption, and conservation of the ecosystem have never come under such a rigorous scrutiny before. The unplanned and reckless exploitation of this precious resource have led to a crisis situation, compounded by a real threat of climate change. This book is, therefore, timely and of particular relevance not only to India but the entire world. The book contains 20 chapters, beside the lead article by the Editors. The chapters are contributed by the eminent professionals, researchers, academicians and civil society representatives having an in-depth understanding of the issues. The contents of the chapters have been chosen to represent all aspects of water. The assessment of water resources using satellite data and in-depth analyses of groundwater sector like, the Aquifer Mapping Programme initiated by Government of India, application of gravity satellite data to assess the resource build up, artificial recharge of aquifers and its contamination, are dealt with by eminent experts. The articles on sustainable management of water through good governance by community participation and involvement of civil society are placed. Flood management both through a basin level approach as well as by building resilience in vulnerable areas is discussed. Other critical issues like water bodies management, constitutional provisions, water governance and financial issues, hydro-power and need of research and development in this sector are also dealt with aptly. In view of emerging crisis and complexities in this sector the future pathways and the paradigm shift that is required in administrative and policy level is also discussed.

Part 5 of the 5-part Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operations (WSO), this text provides a practical education in mathematics, hydraulics, chemistry, and electricity. Hundreds of problems and examples are included to relate these sciences specifically to municipal water supply operations. This book is referenced in the four other textbooks in the series. It is a required text when used with other WSO series texts, but may be used alone as a basic science text. Designed for self study or classroom use, the Fourth Edition provides many new problems and examples. Includes glossary, index, conversion tables, periodic table of the elements, and color plates.

This book applies interactive perspectives, which have historically mainly been discussed in the context of Western European countries, to case studies on water governance in Asia. It examines how these perspectives can be used to reveal complex and dynamic interactions in water governance in Asia, and how interactions between policies and practices, as well as those between formal institutes and emerging informal institutes, come to pass. In two introductory chapters and seven case studies in Asia (two from China, and each one from Japan, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, and India), the book reveals the interactive forms currently emerging in Asia under hierarchical but often fragmented administrative systems. In addition, it explores emerging hybrid forms of interactive governance, which bring together governmental and non-governmental actors, and discusses how the expected role of government and roles of non-governmental actors could be changed to solve problems in a more cooperative manner. In this context, researchers from outside the locality could play an important role, helping facilitate such forms of interactive governance. The book offers extensive information on the essential features of interactive forms, and on the role of such transdisciplinary approaches, making it a valuable resource not only for scholars and university students, but also for policymakers and grass-roots practitioners directly involved in the interactive process of water governance.

Listed alphabetically from A-Z, Crtis Notes on Water and Ion Exchange was compiled with over 50 years of water treatment field service experience. George Crits has produced a full body of work on water treatment and ion exchange system maintenance which includes: - His compilation of field notes, charts, and formulas, for the water treatment professional. - Real world examples, references and observations that are used in the field. - Contact listings of suppliers, including company specific products and prices. - Field exercises and experiments that are useful to the professional working in the water treatment field. - Observations and tips that George Crits has compiled over his long career in the field of water treatment. A number of real world examples including charts, illustrate how to set up systems for different types of water treatment applications.

Water is at the core of all life on Earth and exists as one of the main components of the human body. Because water is essential to life, addressing water pollution and sustainability issues is of great concern to environmentalists and public health specialists alike. Impact of Water Pollution on Human Health and Environmental Sustainability highlights several important water-related issues and explores a number of potential solutions to the problem of water sustainability. Focusing on research-based perspectives on water availability, industrial and agricultural pollution, water contamination, and their impacts on the human population as well as the environment, this crucial publication is a necessary addition to academic and government libraries serving graduate-level students, environmental scientists, public health workers, policy makers, and legislators seeking the latest information on sustainable and contaminant-free water resources.

This timely book provides a concise, yet complete guide to the installation of UST systems. It addresses the EPA requirements for UST systems and offers practical, step-by-step suggestions for all aspects of installation, including management practices and the removal and closure of old systems. This information, as well as the book's excellent illustrations and appendices, make it an important complimentary guide to specific UST manufacturer's training and installation manuals.

Arsenic contamination poses a major environmental problem, especially in Southeast Asian countries like Bangladesh and India. Threatening the health of millions of people due to arsenic's toxicity and carcinogenicity, the major routes of arsenic exposure for humans are either through drinking water or crops. Rice is the crop most affected by arsenic owing to its cultivation in major arsenic contaminated areas, biogeochemical factors in the soil during rice growth, and specific features of rice that enable it take up more arsenic than other crop plants. This book addresses the problem of arsenic by pursuing a holistic approach. It presents the status quo in different parts of the world (North and South America, Europe, Asia, etc.) and provides essential information on food-related arsenic exposure risks for humans, and possible preventive and curative measures for tackling arsenic poisoning. It covers the arsenic contamination status of rice, rice-based products, other vegetables, fishes, mushrooms, and other foods, with a special focus on rice-arsenic interactions. The mechanisms of arsenic uptake, translocation and distribution in plants and grains are also explained. In closing, the book reviews a variety of prospective agronomic and biotechnological solutions to the problem of arsenic accumulation in rice grains. The book is intended for a broad audience including researchers, scientists, and readers with diverse backgrounds including agriculture, environmental science, food science, environmental management, and human health. It can also be used as an important reference guide for undergraduate and graduate students, university faculties, and environmentalists.

PARTIAL CONTENTS - PART - I. BOILER BASICS - Chapter 1. Boiler - An Introduction - Chapter 2. Classification of Boilers - Chapter 3. Common Terms and Explanation - PART - II. BOILER WATER TROUBLES - Chapter 4. Impurities in Water and Their Effects - Chapter 5. Boiler Water Troubles - A Prelude - Chapter 6. Scale Formation - Chapter 7. Silica Carryover - Chapter 8. Scale Formation in Economizers - Chapter 9. Super Heater and Turbine Deposits - Chapter 10. Corrosion - Basic Information - Chapter 11. General Corrosion (Overall Corrosion / Acidic Corrosion) - Chapter 12. Dissolved Oxygen Corrosion (Pitting Corrosion) - Chapter 13. Carbondioxide Corrosion - Chapter 14. Corrosion caused by Unstable Salts - Chapter 15. Corrosion caused by Other Substances - Chapter 16. Corrosion caused by Chelants (Chelant Corrosion) - Chapter 17. Caustic Embrittlement and Caustic Gouging - Chapter 18. Hydrogen Embrittlement - Chapter 19. Condensate Corrosion - Chapter 20. Preboiler Corrosion - Chapter 21. Economizer Corrosion - Chapter 22. Super Heater and Turbine Corrosion - Chapter 23. Foaming, Priming & Carryover - PART - III. WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND TREATMENT PROGRAMS - Chapter 24. Quality Requirements for Feed Water and Boiler Water - Chapter 25. Objectives of Boiler Water Treatment - Chapter 26. External Treatment and Internal Treatment - Chapter 27. Water Treatment programs - Guidelines - PART - IV. EXTERNAL TREATMENT - Chapter 28. External Treatment - A Prelude - Chapter 29. Coagulation (Removal of Color, Turbidity and Suspended Matter) - Chapter 30. Filtration - Chapter 31. Softening by Chemical Method (Lime - Soda Softening) - Chapter 32. Ion Exchange Resins and Treatment Methods - Chapter 33. Softening by Ion-Exchange Method - Chapter 34. Dealkalization - Chapter 35. Demineralization (Deionization) - Chapter 36. Mixed Bed Deionization - Chapter 37. Reverse Osmosis - Chapter 38. Evaporation - Chapter 39. Silica Removal - Chapter 40. Oil Removal - Chapter 41. Condensate Treatment (Condensate Polishing) - Chapter 42. Deaeration (Mechanical Removal of Oxygen) - PART - V. INTERNAL TREATMENT - Chapter 43. Internal Boiler Water Treatment - A Prelude - Chapter 44. Organic Polymers and Their Role as Scale Inhibitors, Dispersants and Sludge Conditioners in Boiler Water Treatment - Chapter 45. Internal Treatment - Chemical Feeding - Chapter 46. Prevention of Scale Formation - Chapter 47. Sludge Conditioning - Chapter 48. Prevention of Corrosion - An Introduction - Chapter 49. Prevention of Corrosion Due to Low pH - Chapter 50. Prevention of Pitting Corrosion Using Oxygen Scavengers (Chemical Removal of Oxygen) - Chapter 51. Prevention of Caustic Embrittlement and Caustic Gouging - Chapter 52. Prevention of Chelant Corrosion - Chapter 53. Prevention of Condensate Corrosion - Chapter 54. Prevention of Pre-Boiler Corrosion - Chapter 55. Prevention of Economizer Corrosion - Chapter 56. Prevention of Foaming, Priming & Carryover - Chapter 57. Prevention of Silica Carryover - Chapter 58. Boiler Blow Down - PART - VI. BOILER WATER TREATMENT - IMPORTANT CALCULATIONS - Chapter 59. Basic Conversion Factors - Chapter 60. Water Softening - Calculations - Chapter 61. Cycles of Concentration, Blowdown, Feed Water and Makeup Water - Calculations - Chapter 62. Determination of Dosage of Chemicals - PART - VII. BOILER START UP, CLEANING, LAY UP AND MAINTENANCE - Chapter 63. Boiler Startup (Pre-operational Cleaning) - Chapter 64. Descaling and Boiler Cleaning - Chapter 65. Boiler LayUp - Chapter 66. Boiler Maintenance - PART - VIII. CHEMICALS HANDLING, SOLUTION PREPARATION AND FEEDERS - Chapter 67. Chemicals Handling and Storage - Chapter 68. Preparation of Solutions and Suspensions - Chapter 69. Chemical Feeders - PART - IX. ANALYSIS OF WATER AND STEAM - See Website for full TOC

Free Surface Flow: Environmental Fluid Mechanics introduces a wide range of environmental fluid flows, such as water waves, land runoff, channel flow, and effluent discharge. The book provides systematic analysis tools and basic skills for study fluid mechanics in natural and constructed environmental flows. As the prediction of changes in free surfaces in rivers, lakes, estuaries and in the ocean directly affects the design of structures that control surface waters, and because planning for the allocation of fresh-water resources in a sustainable manner is an essential goal, this book provides the necessary background and research.

This book tries to answer the question how different communities in such an arid area as the Iranian central plateau could have shared their limited water resources in a perfect harmony and peace over the course of history. They invented some indigenous technologies as well as cooperative socio-economic systems in order to better adapt themselves to their harsh environment where the scarce water resources had to be rationed among the different communities as sustainably as possible. Those stories hold some lessons for us on how to adjust our needs to our geographical possibilities while living side by side with other people. This work gives insight into the indigenous adaptation strategies through the territorial water cooperation, and describes how water can appear as a ground for cooperation. It explains the water supply systems and social aspects of water in central Iran. Topics include the territorial water cooperation, qanat's, the traditional water management and sustainability, the socio-economic context, the sustainable management of shared aquifers system and more.

This book presents the applications of ion-exchange materials in the chemical and food industries. It includes topics related to the application of ion exchange chromatography in water softening, purification and separation of chemicals, separation and purification of food products and catalysis. This title is a highly valuable source of knowledge on ion-exchange materials and their applications suitable for postgraduate students and researchers but also to industrial R&D specialists in chemistry, chemical, and biochemical technology. Additionally, this book will provide an in-depth knowledge of ion-exchange column and operations suitable for engineers and industrialists.

This book presents a collection of chapters covering research on the Litani River Basin. The Litani River Basin occupies about a quarter of Lebanon's surface area, and it has recently been subject to severe geo-environmental conditions such as water contamination and decreased discharge. This motivated the Lebanese government to take action and start working on the remediation of the river. These actions are also supported by international organizations including the World Bank.

The establishment of clean, safe water is one of the major challenges facing societies around the globe. The continued urbanization of human populations, the increasing manipulation of natural resources, and the resulting pollution are driving remarkable burden on water resources. Increasing demands for food, energy, and natural resources are expected to continue to accelerate in the near future in response to the demands of these changing human populations. In addition, the complexity of human activities is leading to a diversity of new chemical contaminants in the environment that represent a major concern for water managers. This will create increased pressure on both water quantity and quality, making it increasingly difficult to provide a sustainable supply of water for human welfare and activities. Although protection of water resources is the best long-term solution, we will also need innovative novel approaches and technologies to water treatment to ensure an adequate superior quality resource to meet these needs. Solving tomorrow's water issues will require unique approaches that incorporate emerging new technologies. Great advances have been made in the area of nanotechnology. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, nanomaterials are extensively used in antibacterial medical products, membrane filters, electronics, catalysts, and biosensors. Nanoparticles can have distinctly different properties from their bulk counterparts, creating the opportunity for new materials with a diversity of applications. Recent developments related to water treatment include the potential use of carbon nanotubes, nanocompositae, nanospheres, nanofibers, and nanowires for the removal of a diversity of chemical pollutants. By exploiting the assets and structure of these new materials, such as increased surface area, high reactivity, and photocatalytic action, it will be possible to create technologies that can be very efficient at removing and degrading environmental pollutants. Understanding and using these unique properties should lead to innovative, cost-effective applications for addressing the complexities of emerging needs for water treatment and protection. Although still in the early stages, research into the application of nanotechnology shows great promise for solving some of these major global water issues. This comprehensive text describes the latest research and application methods in this rapidly advancing field.

This book provides a wide-range exploration on the ongoing research and developmental events in environmental nanotechnology. Emerging nanomaterials and its technology have been known to offer unique advantages and are continually showing promising potential attracting continuous global attention. This work thus discusses experimental studies of various nanomaterials along with their design and applications and with specific attention to chemical reactions and their challenges for catalytic systems. It will make a noteworthy appeal to scientists and researchers working in the field of nanotechnology for environmental sciences.

This unique volume offers an up-to-date overview of all the main aspects of groundwater in the Nile Delta and its fringes, as well as latest research findings. The themes covered include: * Nile Delta aquifer formation and its characteristics * The use of the groundwater in the Nile Delta and its implications * Sedimentology and hydrogeophysical characteristics * Groundwater investigations and aquifer characterization using current direct resistivity and induced polarization * Groundwater contamination and degradation * Saltwater intrusion and its control * Delineation of groundwater flow and seawater intrusion using various techniques, including one-dimensional subsurface temperature profiles, geoelectrical resistivity, and integrated subsurface thermal regime and hydrogeochemical data * Modeling of groundwater and of saltwater intrusion in the Nile Delta aquifer * Excessive pumping and groundwater quality assessment for irrigation and drinking purposes * Groundwater management for sustainability in the Nile Delta. The volume appeals to postgraduate students, researchers, scientists, professionals, decision makers and planners.