Volume three 'Companion to Textual Criticism' addresses the history of research of textual criticism from antiquity until today; history of research and editorial history, papyrology, codicology, and paleography, the third volume of THB will therefore engage also extensively with the sciences, hermeneutics, philosophy and translation technique. Table of contents of THB 3: Volume 3A The History of Research by Armin Lange and Russell E. Fuller: surveys the history of research on the textual criticism and textual history of the Hebrew Bible and its versions in both Judaism and Christianity from its ancient beginnings until today for all of its important versions. Volume 3B Modern Editions of the Text of the Bible in Hebrew and the Ancient Versions by Richard D. Weis (d. 2020) Volume 3C Theory and Practice of Textual Criticism by Mika Pajunen Volume 3D Science and Technology by Marilyn Lundberg

Since Freud, the study of dreams has typically involved inquiry into past and present emotional states. The ancients, unfamiliar with the intricate byways of the human soul revealed by modern psychology, typically saw dreams as channels of communication between human beings and external sources. Shaul Bar explores the etymology of key terms for dreams in the Hebrew Bible, presents dozens of examples of biblical dreams and visions, and categorizes them as prophetic, symbolic, or incubation. He studies biblical dreams and visions in the context of similar phenomena in the literature of neighboring cultures and analyzes the functions of dream reports in the biblical corpus. The literature of dream interpretation in Egypt and Mesopotamia informs Bar's treatment of the structure of dream accounts as conforming to the three-part model (setting, message, response) proposed for ancient Near Eastern dream accounts in A. Leo Oppenheim's classic work on dream interpretation. Symbolic dreams, whether or not God is their source, contain no divine appearance and require interpretation to be understood. While oneiro-criticism was a significant profession in ancient Near Eastern cultures, the Hebrew Bible presents only two such experts, Joseph and Daniel. Both were active in royal courts, and the success of both in interpreting the rulers' dreams served to confirm the superiority of the God of Israel. Ambivalence characterizes the attitude toward dreams and visions in prophetic literature. Joel and Job allow that they have some value. But Jeremiah, Zechariah, Isaiah, and Ecclesiates find no religious significance in them and even treat them as tools of deceit. The Talmud presents no consensus about whether dreams are a legitimate form of communication from God. Although a guild of professional interpreters existed in Jerusalem and the Talmud includes a short dream book, many Sages expressed skepticism about such alleged divine messages. Dreams also serve important functions within the literary world of the Hebrew Bible. Bar shows how Jacob's dream at Bethel serves to explain the sanctity of the place and detach it from its Canaanite context, how the dreams in the Joseph cycle show the hand of divine providence in the descent to Egypt followed by the ascent to the Promised Land, how Solomon's dream at Gibeon serves to legitimate Solomon's rule, and how Nebuchadnezzar's dreams served to emphasize once again that it is the Lord who guides universal history.

Die vorliegende neue Auflage des Gesenius'schen Woerterbuches, die funfte von meiner Hand, wird voraussichtlich die letzte sein, die ich bearbeite. Schon deswegen wird man es gewiss begreiflich finden, dall ich, nachdem ich ziemlich viel Zeit und Arbeit an dies Buch ge wendet habe, nicht gesonnen gewesen bin, durch eine vollstii. ndige Umgestaltung ein ganz neues oder gar, wie vorgeschlagen worden ist. zwei neue Bucher daraus zu machen. Eine derartige radikale Umarbeitung muss, falls sie noetig erscheinen sollte, einem kunftigen Herausgeber uber lassen werden. Ich moechte aber wegen des Interesses, das ich fur das Buch hege, die Gelegen heit benutzen, ausdrucklich hervorzuheben, dall der Gedanke, den lexikalischen Stoff auf zwei Ausgaben, ein kurzes Handbuch fur praktische Zwecke und einen umfangreichen "Thesaurus" zu verteilen, mir recht wenig zweckmassig zu sein scheint. In seiner jetzigen Form sind die letzten Auflagen des Buches ziemlich rasch, durchschnittlich nach vier bis funf Jahren, auf einander gefolgt, und es ist dadurch moeglich gewesen, fortwahrend die neueste Literatur zu berucksichtigen und die neuen Funde und Entdeckungen zu verwerten. Es liegt aber in der Natur der Sache, dass ein kurzes Handbuch von diesem uberreichen Stoffe nur einen sehr be grenzten Teil aufnehmen koennte, wahrend andererseits ein umfangreicher, auf den gelehrten Gebrauch berechneter Thesaurus, selbst wenn er nicht das ehrwurdige Alter des vortrefflichen Gesenius'schen Thesaurus von Anno 1835 zu erreichen brauchte, doch mit weit la. ngerenZwischen raumen erscheinen wurde.