Medical students often feel they understand the theory behind the clinical aspect of medicine but seldom have enough chance to put what they learn into practice. In addition, clinical examinations pose a challenge to students who may be technically and theoretically excellent, but who have poor examination technique. It is quite common for students to lack understanding of how they will be marked, how much emphasis to place upon certain actions or how much detail is expected of them. 'OSCE CASES WITH MARK SCHEMES' is intended to fill this gap. It provides OSCE mark schemes to reflect the real OSCE experience, by encouraging self assessment when practicing the clinical scenarios. The book includes chapters on communication skills, medical ethics, explanation stations, paediatrics and obstetrics and gynaecology subjects which are sometimes neglected elsewhere. All four authors have taken part in medical student teaching and OSCE examinations. They understand what will earn marks in the actual exam. All the OSCE scenarios are from stations previously examined in the UK's top medical schools. This book prepares the student for what the actual finals exam will be like. CONTENTS: SECTION ONE, COMMUNICATION STATIONS - Presenting Complaints - Psychiatry History Taking - Pediatrics History Taking - Obstetrics History Taking - Gynaecology History Taking - Medical Ethics - Difficult Communication Scenarios - Pharmacology - Consenting - Explanation of Management and Results SECTION TWO, PERFORMANCE STATIONS - Examination Skills - Practical Skills - Data Interpretation - Closing Remarks

Most venous leg ulcers can be CURED. Not healed temporarily with dressings and compression, only to come back again - but cured. So why is this revolutionary? Because most patients are not given the chance of a cure. Patients with leg ulcers are consigned to a life of dressings and compression - and are not told that they might be cured with local anaesthetic vein treatments, performed as walk-in, walk-out procedures. Professor Mark Whiteley is an internationally renowned venous surgeon who has spent over 20 years researching venous disease and treatments. He performed the first endovenous surgery in the UK (March 1999), invented the TRLOP procedure in 2001 and founded The Whiteley Clinic in 2003 as a specialist venous clinic - now called Whiteley Clinics. This book is aimed at anyone who has a venous leg ulcer, or who deals with patients who have venous leg ulcers - either as a carer or as a healthcare professional. Written simply and well-illustrated, it takes the reader from first principles through the investigation and treatments of venous leg ulcers - showing how compression and dressings can be avoided in most patients who can walk. With the changing face of medical research, new guidelines and litigation, anyone who has a venous leg ulcer, or who works with those that suffer from venous leg ulcers, should be aware of the messages in this book.

16 revealing stories about the human brain. Ever wondered how Scandinavians cope with 24-hour darkness, why we feel pain - or whether smartphones really make children stupid? Have you heard about the US army's research into supercharging minds? You need some Brainology. Written for Wellcome, the health charity, these stories follow doctors as they solve the puzzle of our emotions, nerves and behaviour. Discover fascinating and intriguing stories from the world of science. Contents Ouch! The science of pain - John Walsh Why doctors are reclaiming LSD and ecstasy - Sam Wong Inside the mind of an interpreter - Geoff Watts How should we deal with dark winters? - Linda Geddes Smartphones won't* make your kids dumb (*Probably) - Olivia Solon You can train your mind into 'receiving' medicine - Jo Marchant Charting the phenomenon of deep grief - Andrea Volpe The mirror cure for phantom limb pain - Srinath Perur Can you think yourself into a different person? - Will Storr How to survive a troubled childhood - Lucy Maddox What tail-chasing dogs reveal about humans - Shayla Love A central nervous solution to arthritis - Gaia Vince Could virtual reality headsets relieve pain? - Jo Marchant What it means to be homesick in the 21st Century - John Osborne Lighting up brain tumours with Project Violet - Alex O'Brien The US military plan to supercharge brains - Emma Young EXTRACT Ouch! The science of pain. John Walsh One night in May, my wife sat up in bed and said, 'I've got this awful pain just here.' She prodded her abdomen and made a face. 'It feels like something's really wrong.' Woozily noting that it was 2am, I asked what kind of pain it was. 'Like something's biting into me and won't stop,' she said. 'Hold on,' I said blearily, 'help is at hand.' I brought her a couple of ibuprofen with some water, which she downed, clutching my hand and waiting for the ache to subside. An hour later, she was sitting up in bed again, in real distress. 'It's worse now,' she said, 'really nasty. Can you phone thedoctor?' Miraculously, the family doctor answered the phone at 3am, listened to her recital of symptoms and concluded, 'It might be your appendix. Have you had yours taken out?' No, she hadn't. 'It could be appendicitis,' he surmised, 'but if it was dangerous you'd be in much worse pain than you're in. Go to the hospital in the morning, but for now, take some paracetamol and try to sleep.' Barely half an hour later, the balloon went up. She was awakened for the third time, but now with a pain so savage and uncontainable it made her howl like a tortured witch face down on a bonfire. The time for murmured assurances and spousal procrastination was over. I rang a local minicab, struggled into my clothes, bundled her into a dressing gown, and we sped to St Mary's Paddington at just before 4am. The flurry of action made the pain subside, if only through distraction, and we sat for hours while doctors brought forms to be filled, took her blood pressure and ran tests. A registrar poked a needle into my wife's wrist and said, 'Does that hurt? Does that? How about that?' before concluding: 'Impressive. You have a very high pain threshold.' The pain was from pancreatitis, brought on by rogue gallstones that had escaped from her gall bladder and made their way, like fleeing convicts, to a refuge in her pancreas, causing agony. She was given a course of antibiotics and, a month later, had an operation to remove her gall bladder. 'It's keyhole surgery,' said the surgeon breezily, 'so you'll be back to normal very soon. Some people feel well enough to take the bus home after the operation.' His optimism was misplaced. My lovely wife, she of the admirably high pain threshold, had to stay overnight, and came home the following day filled with painkillers; when they wore off, she writhed with suffering. After three days she rang the specialist, only to be told:'

Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 130 begins by discussing proton pump inhibitors (patented in 1979) that selectively target the H,K- ATPase of gastric parietal cells as a reliable therapeutic regimen for management of acid reflux disease and gastric bleeding. Around the same time, H. pylori was recognized as the main cause of peptic ulcer. The following chapter explores how common bile duct stones can be predicted and investigated. In addition, the management of proven ductal calculi is discussed in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative stages. The investigation of ductal stones is partly dependent upon patient presentation and liver function tests, but also on availability of imaging modality and surgical experience. Afterwards, the authors summarize the current knowledge regarding the toxic effects of STZ on mammalian DNA and chromosomes, putting emphasis on the most recent findings on this subject. At the chromosome level, STZ induces chromosomal aberrations (including those ones involving telomeric sequences), micronuclei and sister chromatid exchanges. A review of current state of knowledge of atmospheric parameters pathophysiological mechanisms and its cardiovascular risk effects is included. Additionally, some medical prevention strategies that can provide effective protection against the negative health effects of global climate change are presented. The authors go on to summarize the morphogenesis, 3D structure, and rearrangement of the IHBDs, as well as the cellular changes of cholangiocytes during development and regeneration. Recent advances based on gene targeting, lineage tracing, and threedimensional (3D) analysis of the liver tissue have improved our understanding of the IHBDs morphogenesis and regeneration. The goal of the concluding chapter is to describe the current educational preparation and scope of practice of pediatric advance practice providers (APPs) and provide guidelines with a new practice model as to how to successfully integrate APPs into the pediatric emergency department. The pediatric health care and role of an acute care APP has evolved significantly in the last few years, with APPs seeing patients ranging from non-urgent to all kinds of pediatric emergencies.

In Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 127, the authors discuss Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurological disorder characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and reduced dopamine levels in the striatum. Currently, there are few pharmacological treatments for PD and although Levodopa has frequently been used, it is not a viable treatment option for all patients. Thus, this book presents experimental evidence supporting the claim that endocannabinoid signaling may represent a promising therapeutic target for PD, inducing a reduction in neurodegeneration with minimal psychotropic effects. Subsequently, it presents findings that free-hydroxyproline observed in a physiological system must be resulted from a degradation of protein molecules. Variations in free-hydroxyproline concentrations in the plasma and white muscle of fishes, with genetic differences in growth rates and with different feedings, could indicate differences in protein degradation rates for tissue remodeling and growth. Since the synthesis of the connective tissue framework of muscle is a rate-limiting step in muscle growth, the concentrations of white muscle free-hydroxyproline could be reliable for growth studies, as its levels are correlated with fish specific growth rates (SGR) and feed efficiency. Next, the authors analyze the results of umbilical hernia repair using Ventralex (R) Hernia Patch, a bilayer prosthesis. Preoperative characteristics, surgical procedure details, postoperative complications and recurrence rate were studied. An overview of the most up-to-date findings on the association of NGF with development of schizophrenia is presented, based on literature data as well as the authors own findings. The contributions of other research groups are provided and discussed in the context of prominent existing hypothesis of psychiatric disorder development. Afterwards, hernias are discussed as one of the most common reasons a primary care patient may need referral for surgical intervention. The emergence of next-generation prosthesis seeks to achieve the best possible integration into the tissues, improving their performance on all interfaces and avoiding complications. The authors exhibit a retrospective cohort study to assess the impact of 6-hour versus 4-hour HD sessions in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated with three times per week, daytime, in-center HD. Using data from a cohort of forty-three, stable chronic ESRD patients, the authors compared twenty-one patients undergoing 6-hour HD sessions with twenty-two patients on conventional 4-hour HD sessions. The following chapter begins with an introduction to collagen and the function of Hyp in the collagen molecule, followed by a description of sources of various Hyp fractions in tissues and body fluids. The effects of different toxins on various Hyp fractions in the serum and tissues are also discussed. Then, soy isoflavones or soy derivatives (supplements containing S-equol) are recommended for relieving vasomotor symptoms. The evidences for standardized cohosh preparations are effective and are also be recommended. This book also discusses DNA damage repair, a very important biological process commonly associated with human health and diseases, because a detailed elucidation of DNA repair mechanism is essential for a better understanding of health and disease. Afterwards, the current information on collagen PTMs and their alteration under different pathological conditions are examined. It has been reported that collagen undergoes polyubiquitination in response to S-adenosyl-L-methionine. The polyubiquitination inhibits Collagen processing leading to decreased collagen secretion in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In closing, a critical review about the impact of changes in lifestyle and diet supplementation with natural phytochemicals on cancer statistics is given. This review highlights the new advances in understanding the anticancer activity of flavonoids based on its ability to damage DNA in cancer cells.

12 Week Plan for Verbal Reasoning Success is a proven plan to raise your Verbal Reasoning score when you take the MCAT examination. It helps you understand the test and understand what you need to do to score in the double digits. Others have used it to shorten their learning curve and spend less time being confused and more time getting better at the skills the test aims to measure. Why not you?

The cloud model of data sharing has led to a vast increase in the quantity and complexity of data and expanded access to these data, which has attracted many more researchers, enabled multi-national neuroscience collaborations, and facilitated the development of many new tools. Yet, the cloud model has also produced new challenges related to data storage, organization, and protection. Merely switching the technical infrastructure from local repositories to cloud repositories is not enough to optimize data use. To explore the burgeoning use of cloud computing in neuroscience, the National Academies Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a workshop on September 24, 2019. A broad range of stakeholders involved in cloud-based neuroscience initiatives and research explored the use of cloud technology to advance neuroscience research and shared approaches to address current barriers. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction and Background 2 Harnessing Cloud-Based Technologies to Advance Neuroscience Research: Select Current Initiatives Part 1: Cloud-Based Technologies for Neuroscience Research: Challenges and Potential Solutions 3 Protecting Privacy in the Cloud 4 Managing Data and Promoting Interoperability in the Cloud 5 Assigning Credit, Determining Ownership, and Licensing Data in the Cloud 6 Governing, Funding, and Sustaining Cloud-Based Platforms Part 2: Different Types of Neuroscience Data: Challenges and Potential Opportunities 7 Clinical Trial and Research Data 8 Genetic Data 9 Neuroimaging Data 10 Real-World Data 11 Future Directions Appendix A: References Appendix B: Workshop Agenda Appendix C: Registered In-Person Attendees