A UTI is an infection in the urinary tract. Infections are caused by microbes-organisms too small to be seen without a microscope. Bacteria are the most common cause of UTIs. Normally, bacteria that enter the urinary tract are quickly removed by the body before they cause symptoms. But sometimes bacteria overcome the body's natural defenses and cause infection. The urinary tract is the body's drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located below the ribs, one on each side of the spine, toward the middle of the back. Every minute, the two kidneys process about 3 ounces of blood, removing wastes and extra water. The wastes and extra water make up the 1 to 2 quarts of urine produced each day. Children produce less urine each day; the amount produced depends on their age. The urine travels from the kidneys down two narrow tubes called the ureters. The urine is then stored in a balloonlike organ called the bladder and emptied through the urethra, a tube at the bottom of the bladder. This publication by the National Institutes of Health (Publication No. 12-6075) provides information on the causes, prevention of, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of your child's Urinary Tract Infections.

In most cases, the exact cause of bedwetting is not known. But many possible causes exist. Your child's bladder might be too small. Or the amount of urine produced overnight is too much for your child's bladder to hold. As a result, your child's bladder fills up before the night is over. Some children sleep so deeply that they don't wake up when they need to urinate. Others simply take longer to learn bladder control. Many children wet the bed until they are 5 years old or even older. Bedwetting often runs in families. If both parents wet the bed as children, their child is likely to have the same problem. If only one parent has a history of bedwetting, the child has about a 30 percent chance of having the problem. Some children wet the bed even if neither parent ever did. A child who has been dry for several months or even years may start wetting the bed. The cause might be emotional stress, such as the loss of a loved one, problems at school, a new sibling, or even toilet training too early. Bedwetting is not your child's fault. Children rarely wet the bed on purpose. You can help your child by learning about the different causes and treatments for bedwetting. This publication by the National Institutes of Health (Publication No. 12-5631) provides information on bedwetting, helping your child stay dry, when to see a doctor, and treatments for bedwetting.

Chances are, you already know that physical activity is good for you. "Sure," you may say. "When I get out and move around, I know it helps me to feel and look better." But you may not realize just how important regular physical activity is to your health. According to the U.S. Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health, inactive people are nearly twice as likely to develop heart disease as those who are more active. This is true even if you have no other conditions or habits that increase your risk for heart disease. Lack of physical activity also leads to more visits to the doctor, more hospitalizations, and more use of medicines for a variety of illnesses. The good news is that physical activity can protect your heart in a number of important ways. Moreover, to get benefits, you don't have to run a marathon. Regular activity-something as simple as a brisk, 30-minute walk each day-can help you to reduce your risk of heart disease. This publication (the National Institutes of Health Publication No. 06-5714) will help you to understand the impact of physical activity on your heart, as well as the power of regular activity to help keep you healthy overall. It will also offer plenty of ideas on starting a physical activity program that will be both healthful and enjoyable. Just as important, you'll get tips for keeping up with the activity or activities you choose, since staying active over time is important to long-term health. So use this booklet often for information, ideas, and to keep you motivated.

Liver transplantation is surgery to remove a diseased or injured liver and replace it with a healthy one from another person, called a donor. Many people have had liver transplants and now lead normal lives. Your liver helps fight infections and cleans your blood. It also helps digest food and stores a form of sugar your body uses for energy. The liver is the largest organ in your body. This publication by the National Institutes of Health (Publication No. 10-4951) provides information about the signs and symptoms of liver problems and the treatments that are available.

Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a disease of the large intestine that causes severe constipation or intestinal obstruction. Constipation means stool moves through the intestines slower than usual. Bowel movements occur less often than normal and stools are difficult to pass. Some children with HD can't pass stool at all, which can result in the complete blockage of the intestines, a condition called intestinal obstruction. People with HD are born with it and are usually diagnosed when they are infants. Less severe cases are sometimes diagnosed when a child is older. An HD diagnosis in an adult is rare. This publication by the National Institutes of Health (Publication No. 10-4384) provides information on the causes, symptoms and treatments of Hirschsprung disease.

Lactose intolerance means you have trouble digesting lactose. Lactose is the sugar found in milk and foods made with milk. The small intestine needs lactase enzyme to break down lactose. With lactose intolerance, you may not feel well when you eat or drink something with lactose because you don't have enough lactase enzyme. Many people have problems digesting lactose. Some people become lactose intolerant as children. In others, the problem starts when they are teenagers or adults. Lactose intolerance is rare in babies. Premature babies may be lactose intolerant for a short time after they are born. This publication by the National Institutes of Health (Publication No. 10-2751) provides information about the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment and management of lactose intolerance.

This book (NIH Publication 05-5213) by the National Institutes of Health and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute provides practical, easy-to-use information for losing and maintaining weight. Reaching and maintaining a healthy weight is good for your overall health and will help you prevent and control many diseases and conditions. We know that an increase in weight also increases a person's risk for heart disease, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, gallbladder disease, gynecologic disorders, arthritis, some types of cancer, and even some lung problems. Maintaining a healthy weight has many benefits, including feeling good about yourself and having more energy to enjoy life. A person's weight is the result of many things-height, genes, metabolism, behavior, and environment. Maintaining a healthy weight requires keeping a balance - a balance of energy. You must balance the calories you get from food and beverages with the calories you use to keep your body going and being physically active. The same amount of energy IN and energy OUT over time = weight stays the same More IN than OUT over time = weight gain; More OUT than IN over time = weight loss. Your energy IN and OUT don't have to balance exactly every day. It's the balance over time that will help you to maintain a healthy weight in the long run. For many people, this balance means eating fewer calories and increasing their physical activity. Cutting back on calories is a matter of choice. Making healthy food choices that are lower in fats, especially saturated and trans fat, cholesterol, added sugars, and salt can help you cut back on calories, as can paying attention to portion sizes. This booklet will provide you with information to figure out your body mass index and weight related risk for disease. It will also give you information on when and how to lose weight, including tips on healthy eating and physical activity, setting weight loss goals, and rewarding your success.

This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis illustrates the large burden that bone disease places on our Nation and its citizens. Like other chronic diseases that disproportionately affect the elderly, the prevalence of bone disease and fractures is projected to increase markedly as the population ages. If these predictions come true, bone disease and fractures will have a tremendous negative impact on the future well-being of Americans. But as this report makes clear, they need not come true: by working together we can change the picture of aging in America. Osteoporosis, fractures, and other chronic diseases no longer should be thought of as an inevitable part of growing old. By focusing on prevention and lifestyle changes, including physical activity and nutrition, as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, Americans can avoid much of the damaging impact of bone disease and other chronic diseases. In recognition of the importance of promoting bone health and preventing fractures, President George W. Bush has declared 2002-2011 as the Decade of the Bone and Joint. With this designation, the United States has joined with other nations throughout the world in committing resources to accelerate progress in a variety of areas related to the musculoskeletal system, including bone disease and arthritis. As a part of its Healthy People 2010 initiative, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has developed an important goal for Americans-to increase the quality and years of healthy life. Our hope is that Americans can live long and live well. Unfortunately, fractures-the most common and devastating consequence of bone disease-frequently make it difficult and sometimes impossible for people to realize this goal. HHS is committed to developing a wide array of creative and innovative approaches that can help make the goal of living long and living well a reality for Americans. Several programs of particular relevance to bone health include: The National Institutes of Health's Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases - National Resource Center. The National Resource Center provides timely information for health professionals, patients, and the public on osteoporosis, Paget's disease of bone, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other metabolic bone diseases; The National Bone Health Campaign. Targeted at 9- to 12-year-old girls and their parents, this campaign uses Web sites and other activities to promote nutritional choices and physical activities that benefit bone health; Steps to a HealthierUS Initiative. HHS launched this initiative in 2003 to advance the President's goal of helping Americans live longer, better, and healthier lives. At the heart of this program lies both personal responsibility for the choices Americans make and social responsibility to ensure that policymakers support programs that foster healthy behaviors and prevent disease. VERBTM. It's what you do. This national, multicultural, social marketing campaign encourages young people ages 9-13 to be physically active every day as a means of promoting overall health, including bone health. This Surgeon General's Report brings together for the first time the scientific evidence related to the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of bone disease. More importantly, it provides a framework for moving forward. The report will be another effective tool in educating Americans about how they can promote bone health throughout their lives.

This book describes the many diverse experiences of a very active pediatrician from 1943 to 1988. This story begins when he started to medical school in 1943 and ends with his retirement thirty-seven years later in 1988. It includes post retirement stints as a Medical Director for a medical software company and being the Medical Director of a commercial plasma collecting center. He vividly describes many different and unusual medical cases including two true Miracles. One occurred in 1952 during the horrendous polio epidemic, "Connie" and the other one in the 1970's, "Thumbelina." These Miracles are described in detail with all of their agonizing twists and turns. Neither patient should have survived with their many complications and circumstances; but with God's grace they did. This book contains unusual and different exotic medical encounters when the author was in Japan in the Army Medical Corps in 1949-50. This book details why and how that he had to become a pseudo-specialist in his early and middle practice years. These fields included such as Neonatology, Endocrinology, Hematology, Nephrology Kidneys], Family Counseling, and fledgling field of Psychiatry. There were no trained specialist in these fields during those early years. Dr. Oberst portrays a full and productive professional life in many ways which are to describe. This book is an pleasant and interesting read for anyone to enjoy. It contains humor, vivid descriptions, happiness, agonies, and pathos.

The National Institutes of Health Publication 07-4051, Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, The EPR--3 Summary Report 2007, provides key information from the full report on the diagnosis and management of asthma. Summary information is provided on measures of assessment and monitoring, education for a partnership in asthma care, control of environmental factors and comorbid conditions that affect asthma, and medications. Key tables and figures from the full report are included for easy reference. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. In the United States, asthma affects more than 22 million persons. It is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood, affecting more than 6 million children (current asthma prevalence, National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005) (NHIS 2005). There have been important gains since the release of the first National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) clinical practice guidelines in 1991. For example, the number of deaths due to asthma has declined, even in the face of an increasing prevalence of the disease (NHIS 2005); fewer patients who have asthma report limitations to activities; and an increasing proportion of people who have asthma receive formal patient education (Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2010 midcourse review). Hospitalization rates have remained relatively stable over the last decade, with lower rates in some age groups but higher rates among young children 0-4 years of age. There is some indication that improved recognition of asthma among young children contributes to these rates. However, the burden of avoidable hospitalizations remains. Collectively, people who have asthma have more than 497,000 hospitalizations annually (NHIS 2005). Furthermore, ethnic and racial disparities in asthma burden persist, with significant impact on African American and Puerto Rican populations. The challenge remains to help all people who have asthma, particularly those at high risk, receive quality asthma care. Advances in science have led to an increased understanding of asthma and its mechanisms as well as improved treatment approaches. To help health care professionals bridge the gap between current knowledge and practice, the NAEPP of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has previously convened three Expert Panels to prepare guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. The NAEPP Coordinating Committee (CC), under the leadership of Claude Lenfant, M.D., Director of the NHLBI, convened the first Expert Panel in 1989. The charge to that Panel was to develop a report that would provide a general approach to diagnosing and managing asthma based on current science. Published in 1991, the "Expert Panel Report: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma" (EPR 1991) organized the recommendations for the treatment of asthma around four components of effective asthma management: Use of objective measures of lung function to assess the severity of asthma and to monitor the course of therapy; Environmental control measures to avoid or eliminate factors that precipitate asthma symptoms or exacerbations; Patient education that fosters a partnership among the patient, his or her family, and clinicians; Comprehensive pharmacologic therapy for long-term management designed to reverse and prevent the airway inflammation characteristic of asthma as well as pharmacologic therapy to manage asthma exacerbations. The NAEPP recognizes that the value of clinical practice guidelines lies in their presentation of the best and most current evidence available. This report presents recommendations for the diagnosis and management of asthma that will help clinicians and patients make appropriate decisions about asthma care.

If you really want to learn Medical Spanish, there is no better workbook for doing so. Medical Spanish: A Workbook changes all the rules: no boredom with baffling memorizations, no confusion with conjugation after conjugation, and no thinking so much that you just can't get the words to come out of your mouth. This workbook makes learning simple and efficient. Once you master its concepts and content, the words and phrases will flow naturally. You will be able to take a history, perform a physical exam, provide a diagnosis, and implement and explain therapy. Pair it with Medical Spanish: An Audio Companion, Volumes 1 and 2, and you will become nearly fluent in Medical Spanish. Make yourself a far better medical practitioner. And receive tons of gratitude from your Spanish-speaking patients.

A practical, hands-on resource for physicians in all specialties, Medical Teaching in Ambulatory Care is a guide on training medical students and residents in settings such as private practices and hospital clinics. Concise, engaging, and easy to follow, it is an ideal handbook for the busy practitioner looking to upgrade his or her teaching abilities. The authors cover basic education theory, individual teaching skills, strategies for evaluating trainees, and tips on working with challenging learners. Readers can follow along with the storyline of a fictional Dr. Smith, through whom the book provides practical examples that complement each theory, skill, and strategy presented. This new edition has been updated with key medical education theories that are now core to current approaches, expanded details on one-to-one teaching, and information on structured formats to use when reviewing patient encounters with learners. The authors also examine the impact of digital technology on medical education in office-based settings and provide tips on working with the new generation of learners who enjoy - and expect - instant access to information of all kinds.

The Sensors & Receptors chart is an in-depth look at how we sense our environment through various types of receptors. Stimulus transduction and tactile discrimination are portrayed through graphics and text. Sections explain receptor response and adaptation.

Written by two internationally renowned gastroenterologists, this indispensable review book has been designed as a clinical skills refresher for exam purposes for gastroenterology and internal medicine residents and fellows, as well as practicing physicians. This book (part 2 of 2 of this series), covering Neurology, Respirology, and Rheumatology. Endoscopy and Diagnostic Imaging is a gastroenterology resource book which includes esophagus, stomach, small bowel endoscopies and clinical case studies, esophageal manometry, diagnostic imaging, as well as examples of GI-disease associated skin, nail and mouth changes. This book complements GI-Practice Review.

Over 500 Evolve Reach Admissions Assessment exam (HESI A2) practice questions, prepared by a dedicated team of exam experts, with detailed answer key, exam tips and multiple choice strategies
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Please note that HESI is a registered trademark of the Health Education Systems Inc., which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
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learn your strengths and weaknesses familiarize yourself with the exam format familiarize yourself with the types of questions build your self confidence practice your exam time management
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How to Take a Test - The Complete Guide
Let's face it: test-taking is really not easy While some people seem to have the natural ability to know what to study, how to absorb and retain information, and how to stay calm enough while actually taking a test to earn a great score, most of us find taking tests to be sheer misery. This is one of the most important chapters Here you will find out:
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Alphabetical listing of all drugs; prescription, over the counter, brand names and generics. Second half of the book allows reference to drugs used for 36 different medical listings.

Exam Facts presents the COTA - Certified Occupational Therapist Assistant Examination Study Guide. The exam presents "Just the Facts" you need to pass the NBCOT (National Board of Certified Occupational Therapist) Occupational Therapist Assistant certification exam. Kori Callahan was a former college teacher who shifted her focus to Occupational Therapy. She focused long nights going to school to become an Occupational Therapist Assistant. She then became a roving OTA instructor, who has taught Occupational Therapy in over 14 countries. This was on top of being married, running the household and raising two boys Kori is committed to provide readers the knowledge for you to be successful. With this edition, future therapist candidates can rest assured that they will be receiving the latest study material available to advance their career What are the characteristics of the Galant reflex? What splint is used for Median nerve palsy? What is the maximum reachable height for countertops? What are C7 long-term goals for mobility? What does a COTA do to prepare to give an assessment? Exam Facts brings you the best in Healthcare, Finance, Business, Technology and Law study guides. We give you just the facts

Chances are you're reading this book (the National Institutes of Health Publication 06-5270) because you or someone close to you has heart disease. Perhaps your doctor has recently told you that you have a heart condition, and you're looking for information on how to take good care of yourself. Perhaps you've known about your condition for some time and are interested in the latest knowledge on treatment and self-care. Perhaps you've recently had a heart attack or heart surgery and want some guidance on making the best possible recovery. This book will address all of these concerns. It is a step-by-step guide to helping people with heart disease make decisions that will protect and improve their heart health. It will give you information about lifestyle habits, medicines, and other treatments that can lessen your chances of having a heart attack-either a first attack or a repeat one. If you have already had a heart attack or have undergone a heart procedure, you will find guidance on how to recover well, both physically and emotionally. But this book is not just about preventing and treating problems. It is also about how to live well with heart disease. It will help you to make decisions that allow you to live as fully, healthfully, and enjoyably as possible, even as you cope with the demands of your heart condition. As you read this book, you will find that caring for your heart and caring for yourself are deeply intertwined. To find out why and how, read on.

You may think bladder control problems are something that happen when you get older. The truth is that women of all ages have urine leakage. The problem is also called incontinence. Men leak urine too, but the problem is more common in women. Many women leak urine when they exercise, laugh hard, cough, or sneeze. Often women leak urine when they are pregnant or after they have given birth. Women who have stopped having their periods-menopause-often report bladder control problems. Female athletes of all ages sometimes have urine leakage during strenuous sports activities. Urine leakage may be a small bother or a large problem. About half of adult women say they have had urine leakage at one time or another. Many women say it's a daily problem. Urine leakage is more common in older women, but that doesn't mean it's a natural part of aging. You don't have to "just live with it." You can do something about it and regain your bladder control. Incontinence is not a disease. But it may be a sign that something is wrong. It's a medical problem, and a doctor or nurse can help. This publication by the National Institutes of Health (Publication No. 07-4195) provides information in bladder control problems, causes, diagnosis, and treatment.

Research on women's heart health is exploding. Nearly every week, it seems, the media report on new ways to prevent and treat heart disease in women-and it can be hard to keep track of it all. In this updated edition of "The Healthy Heart Handbook for Women," we have put together all of this new knowledge in one easy-to-use handbook. This guide is part of The Heart Truth, a national public awareness campaign for women about heart disease sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and many other groups. (See "Getting the Word Out" on page 10.)"The Healthy Heart Handbook for Women" will give you new information on women's heart disease and practical suggestions for reducing your own personal risk of heart-related problems. You'll find out about a little-known form of heart disease in women and how to get it diagnosed properly. The handbook will also help you make sense of widely publicized research on the impact of a lower fat diet on women's heart disease risk. There is much good news in these pages, including new findings that people who avoid heart disease risk factors tend to live healthier and longer lives. The handbook will give you the latest information on preventing and controlling those risks. You'll also find new tips on following a nutritious eating plan, tailoring your physical activity program to your particular goals, and getting your whole family involved in heart healthy living. The handbook will also advise you on the warning signs of heart attack, as well as how to act quickly to get help.

This book by the National Institutes of Health (Publication 06-4082) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute provides information and effective ways to work with your diet because what you choose to eat affects your chances of developing high blood pressure, or hypertension (the medical term). Recent studies show that blood pressure can be lowered by following the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan-and by eating less salt, also called sodium. While each step alone lowers blood pressure, the combination of the eating plan and a reduced sodium intake gives the biggest benefit and may help prevent the development of high blood pressure. This book, based on the DASH research findings, tells how to follow the DASH eating plan and reduce the amount of sodium you consume. It offers tips on how to start and stay on the eating plan, as well as a week of menus and some recipes. The menus and recipes are given for two levels of daily sodium consumption-2,300 and 1,500 milligrams per day. Twenty-three hundred milligrams is the highest level considered acceptable by the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. It is also the highest amount recommended for healthy Americans by the 2005 "U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans." The 1,500 milligram level can lower blood pressure further and more recently is the amount recommended by the Institute of Medicine as an adequate intake level and one that most people should try to achieve. The lower your salt intake is, the lower your blood pressure. Studies have found that the DASH menus containing 2,300 milligrams of sodium can lower blood pressure and that an even lower level of sodium, 1,500 milligrams, can further reduce blood pressure. All the menus are lower in sodium than what adults in the United States currently eat-about 4,200 milligrams per day in men and 3,300 milligrams per day in women. Those with high blood pressure and prehypertension may benefit especially from following the DASH eating plan and reducing their sodium intake.