The decade ahead will test the nation's nearly 4 million nurses in new and complex ways. Nurses live and work at the intersection of health, education, and communities. Nurses work in a wide array of settings and practice at a range of professional levels. They are often the first and most frequent line of contact with people of all backgrounds and experiences seeking care and they represent the largest of the health care professions. A nation cannot fully thrive until everyone - no matter who they are, where they live, or how much money they make - can live their healthiest possible life, and helping people live their healthiest life is and has always been the essential role of nurses. Nurses have a critical role to play in achieving the goal of health equity, but they need robust education, supportive work environments, and autonomy. Accordingly, at the request of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, on behalf of the National Academy of Medicine, an ad hoc committee under the auspices of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a study aimed at envisioning and charting a path forward for the nursing profession to help reduce inequities in people's ability to achieve their full health potential. The ultimate goal is the achievement of health equity in the United States built on strengthened nursing capacity and expertise. By leveraging these attributes, nursing will help to create and contribute comprehensively to equitable public health and health care systems that are designed to work for everyone. The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity explores how nurses can work to reduce health disparities and promote equity, while keeping costs at bay, utilizing technology, and maintaining patient and family-focused care into 2030. This work builds on the foundation set out by The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2011) report. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Social Determinants of Health and Health Equity 3 The Nursing Workforce 4 The Role of Nurses in Improving Health Care Access and Quality 5 The Role of Nurses in Improving Health Equity 6 Paying for Equity in Health and Health Care 7 Educating Nurses for the Future 8 Nurses in Disaster Preparedness and Public Health Emergency Response 9 Nurses Leading Change 10 Supporting the Health and Professional Well-Being of Nurses 11 The Future of Nursing: Recommendations and Research Priorities Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Project Staff Appendix B: Data Collection and Information Sources Appendix C: Data Sources, Definitions, and Methods Appendix D: Glossary Appendix E: The Future of Nursing 20202030: Meeting America Where We Are: Supplemental Statement of William M. Sage, M.D., J.D. Appendix F: Committee Response to Supplemental Statement Appendix G: Profiles of Nursing Programs and Organizations

This book is intended to serve the needs of clinical educators in medical schools, especially in clinical clerkships. The bulk of the literature written about undergraduate medical education is on the pre-clerkship phase. Clinical clerkship phase is as important as the previous phase and it is intended to be mostly a hands-on experience and training for the students. Most of this training is by exposure to the clinical activities where the students are required to take part in, contribute to and learn during the continuing clinical activities. It is an exciting but a difficult time for the students. They have to learn the basics and sometimes the details of clinical skills, procedures and in many cases they are expected to perform as a young doctor. They are expected to make good differential diagnosis in the busy clinical environment. Considering all these, clinical education should be organized in a systematic way to allow the students grasp the necessary clinical knowledge, skills and attitudes as they experience the complexities and uncertainties of clinical environment. The book provides information about basic concepts of clerkship organization and assessment with various models. Equally important is the clinical skills training which starts in the early phases of medical schools. Three chapters have been devoted to this topic. The organization of clerkships employing various approaches and methods are discussed extensively. Community-based education, use of university and affiliated hospitals, learner-centred clinical education, use of flipped classrooms and integrating basic sciences in clinical clerkships are discussed in separate chapters. As assessment drives learning, the basic principles and the organization of assessment and evaluation including continuous assessment have been covered in three chapters. Believing that more emphasis should be given to interprofessional education, evidence-based medicine, mentoring and providing feedback in the context of organizing clerkships they have been discussed extensively in separate chapters. We hope it will be of help to clinician teachers as well as medical educators involved in clinical training.

Dans cet ouvrage, nous avons evalue l'activite des Superoxides dismutases (SOD) et de la Glucose-6- phosphate deshydrogenase (G6PDH), enzymes dont les carences sont indicatrices du stress oxydatif, dans l'extrait globulaire, chez 50 sujets infectes par le VIH et compare aux resultats de 32 sujets temoins tous recrutes au laboratoire d'hematologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Yaounde.

La chirurgie de l'oreille moyenne, et notamment celle des sequelles de l'otite chronique simple ou cholesteatomateuse, comprend le plus souvent un temps fonctionnel: l'ossiculoplastie. L'ossiculoplastie est la chirurgie reparatrice de la chaine des osselets qui a pour but de retablir la fonction acoustique de l'oreille moyenne. Cette chirurgie fonctionnelle, tres technique, represente le geste operatoire le plus spectaculaire pour le patient, le plus valorisant pour le chirurgien. Elle n'en reste pas moins assujettie a un vaste programme chirurgical: la tympanoplastie, dont elle n'est que l'etape ultime. Nous exposons ici une etude comparative retrospective des differents types de montage utilises dans notre service ces cinq dernieres annees. Le but de ce travail etant de tenter de definir le meilleur materiau pour chaque type d'ossiculoplastie, afin d'obtenir un resultat auditif le plus satisfaisant possible."

Dans une cellule normale, les telomeres coiffent l'extremite des chromosomes, tels les embouts des lacets de chaussures. Ils ont pour role la protection des extremites chromosomiques et la prevention contre une perte eventuelle de donnees a ce niveau, lors des divisions cellulaires. Les telomeres s'erodent avec le temps jusqu'a atteindre une taille critique et declenchent alors l'entree en senescence de la cellule. L'existence d'une enzyme transcriptase inverse, la telomerase, capable d'inverser le processus et de synthetiser de nouvelles sequences telomeriques, confere a la cellule le caractere immortel incrimine dans les cellules cancereuses. Et comme il a ete montre que dans les cellules tumorales, plusieurs mecanismes concourent a la reactivation de la telomerase, l'inhibition de cet enzyme s'est averee une voie prometteuse pour le traitement des cancers, par blocage du processus proliferatif."

Realisation d'une enquete prospective, comparant trois groupes de parturientes, le premier comprenant des femmes gardant la meme position pendant le travail (decubitus dorsal et/ou lateral), le deuxieme compose de parturientes alternant les positions sur la table d'accouchement, et le troisieme alternant les positions et utilisant le ballon et/ou la baignoire. Resultats: 110 dossiers ont ete etudies. Le premier interet obstetrical du changement de positions pendant le travail est l'amelioration du confort des parturientes. Puis c'est la diminution du temps de travail, avec une meilleure dynamique uterine et une meilleure dilatation cervicale. Conclusion: Le suivi des parturientes devrait s'accompagner d'une prise en charge de leur mobilite et de propositions de differentes positions a adopter au cours du travail. La sage-femme joue a ce niveau un role primordial, mais egalement en consultation ou en preparation a la naissance, ou elle encourage la femme a etre active quant a sa grossesse et son accouchement. Des moyens simples sont facilement utilisables pour le realiser, qui replacent la clinique avant la technique."

The world of medicine interacts with biology, anatomy, chemistry and physiology. Thus, it takes an extremely talented scientist, scholar and researcher to unwrap and unravel the wonders and complexities of the human body and medical illness, pains and problems. This book attempts to do just that and explain how many biomedical scientists and researchers were able to discover and treat various medical conditions as well as provide insights into the therapeutic process. Some of the words readers will encounter in this book strike fear into the hearts of physicians and nurses everywhereacancer , gout, high cholesterol, catecholamine's, viruses, bacteria, malaria, typhoid, and other ailments. Blood, cells, stem cells, insulin, the immune system and mutagenesis are all involved in the optimal functioning of the human body, yet the average person knows little about blood, the basic of the cell structure, how it operates and what it does in the human body in terms of promoting health and human functioning. Diabetes, Huntington's, cancer are all ailments that impact the human species more or less and, in many instances, result in death. Yet who were the scientists that researched and discovered these ailments and maladies and how did they first analyze the relationship between these illnesses and the human body? Where did they come from? How did they occur? How can we address these illnesses and difficulties so as to live a fruitful robust life? We hear so much about the human genome continually in scientific circles, yet the general public has little understanding of it and in fact, the average citizen knows little about their genetic structure and how it has impacted their lives. Even physicians are only minimally trained in the complexities of genetics, but this text offers at least some introductory information as to this "brave new world" of the human genome and its relevance. Statins is a simple word but one that is imperative to understand and salient to our heart, continued existence and well-being. Homeostasis is, again, a simple word, yet we should learn about it and its importance in our daily functioning and understand it as a basic element of our existence. While it seems a basic concept, it is imperative for human optimal functioning. And of course, the cellaone of the building blocks of the human bodya the surface of the cell, and all of the magical mysteries that revolve around this basic element of the human body, are important elements for scientists, scholars and researchers to understand and grasp. The book is a journey into the lives of famous scientists and scholars who went on to win the Nobel Prize, even though many were rejected by many medical schools. These scholarsaboth men and womenawent on to achieve great things and survive difficulties, discrimination and dire straits. It is only right, just and proper that these famous men and women should be recognized for their contributions to science, medicine and humanity.

Understanding Multiple Sclerosis, Second Edition is a patient-friendly chart that helps to explain multiple sclerosis (MS) with sections that define MS and describe its causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis process, and management. Featured sections: What is multiple sclerosis (MS) What causes MS Types of MS: Relapsing-Remitting (RR-MS), Primary-Progressive (PP-MS), and Secondary-Progressive (SP-MS) Symptoms of MS table: early and late How is MS diagnosed: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), evoked potential tests, and lumbar puncture (spinal tap) Management of MS Images included: The spinal cord and spinal nerves within the body Enlarged view of a nerve fiber Normal nerve cell and nerve cell affected by MS Comparison of a normal myelin sheath to one damaged from MS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 20" x 26" heavy weight paper laminated with grommets at top corners ISBN 9781496394989