Thousands of dams, essential to populations worldwide, are in need of maintenance and refurbishment within the next decade. The understanding of dam hydraulics and the principles behind them are of huge importance, and this is reflected in the fundamental importance of dams to water supply, irrigation, flood storage, and hydro-electric power generation. This book is intended to educate the reader by presenting the fundamental background knowledge needed to appreciate dam hydraulics, and presenting current design procedures. Illustrated with a wealth of selected figures and photographs to show the state-of-the-art, and possibilities of dam design, this reference work reviews many fundamental topics: overflows, energy dissipation, outlet structures, reservoir sedimentation, waves due to landslides, and dambreak waves.

Ideas and concepts in sedimentology are changing rapidly but fundamental field work and data collection remain the basis of the science. This book is intended as a guide to the recognition and description of sedimentary rocks in the field. It aims to help the geologist know what to observe and record and how best to interpret this data.

The emphasis is on illustrating the principal types of sedimentary rocks and the book contains over 400 superb colour photos and drawings. The introductory chapter defines the main types of sedimentary rock and their initial recognition, followed by a section highlighting safety in the field. The author goes on to describe the main field techniques and provides a comprehensive summary of the principal characteristics of sedimentary rocks. There is a chapter on each of the main rock types and on how to interpret facies and their features in terms of depositional environments and economic significance.

This book is of value to students, amateur enthusiasts and professional geologists.

Table of Contents

Preface

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Field techniques

Principal characteristics of sedimentary rocks

Conglomerates

Sandstones

Mudrocks

Carbonate rocks

Cherts and Siliceous sediments

Phosphorites

Coal

Evaporites

Ironstones

Soils, palesols and duricrusts

Volcaniclastic sediments

Interpretation: depositional environment and economic significance

The compaction guide to greater profits, less hassle. Boost your bottom line with the expert, efficient soil compaction techniques and technological solutions in this fully updated Second Edition. This revision will provide the contractor, fill inspector, and geotechnical engineer with greater coverage of environmental topics, including.
* Septic system site investigation, evaluation, design, and construction, plus existing system renovation, repair, maintenance, and management
* The latest uses of artificial fills from around the world--foam plastics, Elastizell, Geocell, Solite, and waste materials like shredded tires and wood chips
* New material and helpful case studies on the correlation of Standard and Modified Proctor densities and a method for determining numerical values of bearing capacities for Proctor densities
In addition to the current state of the art of fill technology, basic insights into soil behavior are provided. Innovative and patented methods of design are presented, especially valuable for young practitioners and those responsible for their supervision and continuing education. Reviewed as "conversational," "humorous," "full of wisdom," and "practical," this unusually readable resource is a profit-maker no construction professional can afford to do without.

Based on the past 30-years' research on the technical and cultural values of China's Grand Canal, this book, based on interdisciplinary research, studies the natural and social background of the evolution and development of different sections of the Grand Canal in different historical periods, as well as the interrelations between the Grand Canal and the Chinese politics, economics, and culture. It also assesses the effects of the Grand Canal on the progress of the Chinese civilization, engineering technology achievement, the natural environment, and the society, providing the readers with an understanding of China's Grand Canal from the perspectives of hydraulic engineering and history.

Focusing attention on gravity-fed water-flow systems in medieval cities and monasteries, "Water Technology in the Middle Ages: Cities, Monasteries, and Waterworks after the Roman Empire" challenges the view that hydraulic engineering died with the Romans and remained moribund until the Renaissance. Roberta Magnusson explores the systems' technologies--how they worked, what uses the water served--and also the social rifts that created struggles over access to this basic necessity.

Mindful of theoretical questions about what hastens technological change and how society and technology mutually influence one another, the author supplies a thoughtful and instructive study. Archeological, historical, and literary evidence vividly depicts those who designed, constructed, and used medieval water systems and demonstrates a shift from a public-administrative to a private-innovative framework--one that argues for the importance of local initiatives.

"The following chapters attempt to chart a course between the Scylla and Charybdis of technological and social determinism. While writing them, I have tried to strike a balance between the technical and human aspects of medieval hydraulic systems, and to remember that beneath the welter of documents and diffusion patterns, configurations and components, ordinances and expenditures, lie the perceptions, the choices, and often the plain hard work of individual men and women." --from the Preface

This two-volume set addresses both current and developing topics of advanced machining technologies and machine tools used in industry. The treatments are aimed at motiving and challenging the reader to explore viable solutions to a variety of questions regarding product design and optimum selection of machining operations for a given task. This two-volume set will be useful to professionals, students, and companies in the areas of mechanical, industrial, manufacturing, materials, and production engineering fields. Traditional Machining Technology covers the technologies, machine tools, and operations of traditional machining processes. These include the general-purpose machine tools used for turning, drilling, and reaming, shaping and planing, milling, grinding and finishing operations. Thread and gear cutting, and broaching processes are included along with semi-automatic, automatic, NC and CNC machine tools, operations, tooling, mechanisms, accessories, jigs and fixtures, and machine tool dynamometry are discussed. Non-Traditional and Advanced Machining Technologies covers the technologies, machine tools, and operations of non-traditional mechanical, chemical and thermal machining processes. Assisted machining technologies, machining of difficult-to-cut materials, design for machining, accuracy and surface integrity of machined parts, environment-friendly machine tools and operations, and hexapods are also presented. The topics covered throughout this volume reflect the rapid and significant advances that have occurred in various areas in machining technologies.

This book presents key principles of the hydraulics of river basins, with a unique focus on the interplay between stream flows and sediment transport. Addressing a number of basic topics related to the hydraulics of river systems, above all it emphasizes applicative aspects in order to provide the reader with a solid grasp of river engineering. The understanding of the river hydraulics is essential for the assessment of optimum locations for the conservation of water resources and its structures. This book will be interesting to readers and researchers working in the specialized area of river hydraulics of Ganga basin, Narmada, Tapi, Godavari, and other basins of India. It consists of review on hydraulics of meandering river; hydraulic design of reservoir in permeable pavement; optimization of hydraulic design; hydraulic investigations to optimize the design of spillway and design of energy dissipater; and analysis of performance of orifice spillway using computational fluid dynaics

This book explores many recent techniques including ANN, fuzzy logic, hydraulic models and IWRM utilized for integrated water resources management, a real challenge in India for obtaining high irrigation efficiency. The book deals with topics of current interest, such as climate change, floods, drought, and hydrological extremes. The impact of climate change on water resources is drawing worldwide attention these days; for water resources, many countries are already stressed and climate change along with burgeoning population, rising standard of living, and increasing demand are adding to the stress. Further, river basins are becoming less resilient to climatic vagaries. Fundamental to addressing these issues is hydrological modelling which is covered in this book Further, integrated water resources management is vital to ensure water and food security. Integral to the management is groundwater and solute transport. The book encompasses tools that will be useful to mitigate the adverse consequences of natural disasters.

Dynamic programming is a method of solving multi-stage problems in which decisions at one stage become the conditions governing the succeeding stages. It can be applied to the management of water reservoirs, allowing them to be operated more efficiently. This is one of the few books dedicated solely to dynamic programming techniques used in reservoir management. It presents the applicability of these techniques and their limits on the operational analysis of reservoir systems. The dynamic programming models presented in this book have been applied to reservoir systems all over the world, helping the reader to appreciate the applicability and limits of these models. The book also includes a model for the operation of a reservoir during an emergency situation. This volume will be a valuable reference to researchers in hydrology, water resources and engineering, as well as professionals in reservoir management.

Focusing primarily on understanding the steady-state hydraulics that form the basis of hydraulic design and computer modelling applied in water distribution, Introduction to Urban Water Distribution elaborates the general principles and practices of water distribution in a straightforward way. The workshop problems and design exercise develop a temporal and spatial perception of the main hydraulic parameters in the system for given layout and demand scenarios. Furthermore, the book contains a detailed discussion of water demand, which is a fundamental element of any network analysis, and principles of network construction, operation, and maintenance. The attached CD contains all spreadsheet applications mentioned in the text, and the network model used in the design exercise. Written in a manner that is easily understood by those who know little about the subject, this introductory text will also benefit experts dealing with advanced problems who wish to refresh their knowledge.

This book gathers contributions from the 15th ICOLD Benchmark Workshop on Numerical Analysis of Dams. The workshop provided an opportunity for engineers, researchers and operators to present and exchange their experiences and the latest advances in numerical modelling in the context of the design, performance and monitoring of dams. Covering various aspects of computer analysis tools and safety assessment criteria, and their development over recent decades, the book is a valuable reference resource for those in the engineering community involved in the safety, planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of dams.

Biofouling is a persistent problem for many industries including the water utility services, industrial water systems and the food and beverage industry. Industrial Biofouling provides a comprehensive and informative guide to biofouling in these particular industries. Taking a systematic and novel approach, the book describes the problems caused by biofouling, how and what to use to detect it and, ultimately, how to control it. Relevant examples and case studies are used to illustrate the practical problems faced by each industry. Written by international experts in the field, this book will be essential reading for industrialists, especially those designing water systems, water distribution managers, process water engineers, environmental microbiologists, food scientists, biomaterials scientists and those responsible for public health and reduction of cross contamination within the food industry. It will also be an excellent reference source for graduates and postgraduates studying biofilms.

This book provides an overview of flood and drought in the Lower Mekong Basin, reviews the characteristics of flood and drought, and details structural and non-structural measures for flood and drought mitigation employed in the basin countries, as well as their flood and drought mitigation capacity. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for researchers and engineers in the field of transboundary rivers, especially those with an interest in the Lower Mekong River.

This book presents state-of-the-art, essential methods and tools for flood risk assessment and management. The costs of damage caused by extreme weather events, among which floods are a major category, are rapidly rising, both globally and across Europe. The scope and scale of flood episodes point to the need for comprehensive proposals, including the implementation of flood protection measures in areas exposed to flood risk. This book is dedicated to flood damage assessment, and addresses the management of social, economic and environmental damage. It develops a general methodology for flood risk assessment and presents a range of effective flood protection methods in keeping with the objectives of flood risk management. As such, it offers a valuable resource for young researchers, academics, lecturers and water management practitioners alike.

In a time when threats against the maritime community have never been greater, Maritime Security: Protection of Marinas, Ports, Small Watercraft, Yachts, and Ships provides a single, comprehensive source of necessary information for understanding and preventing or reducing threats to the maritime community. The book defines what comprises the maritime community, including marinas, ports, small watercraft, yachts, and ships. It focuses on the protection of these rather than the protection of cargo in the maritime supply chain, since with the protection of the infrastructural elements it follows that the cargo is secured. In identifying and discussing threats to security, the book includes natural threats such as storms as well as traditional criminal threats and piracy, with especially detailed examinations of terrorism and cybersecurity. It also introduces the US Coast Guard America's Waterway Watch program, describing the components of the program, its implementation throughout the maritime community, and its successes. By dealing with the security of all areas within the maritime community, Maritime Security is highly valuable to all members of the community, from the local boater to professionals charged with the protection of major ports and seagoing vessels. It gives you the skills to understand, identify, analyze, and address natural and man-made threats to localized or broad sections in the maritime community.

This book provides an original analysis of the problems of ensuring that oil ports are sustainable in the broadest sense of the concept including environmental, social, technical and resource aspects. Taking China as its frame for analysis, chosen because of the authors' expertise and because it is the largest oil import country in the world, much of it by ship, it presents a detailed investigation of the issues that make up a sustainable port profile, using a variety of established statistical and operational techniques These are examined before an holistic model is derived. Recommendations are provided for future application both in China and elsewhere and also a range of ways suggested for how the framework could be adapted to other types of ports and locations.

This book offers a timely report on methods for risk assessment procedures for dams, with a special emphasis on dams with small storage dimensions. It starts by introducing all important definitions relating to dams, dam safety, such as the most common failure modes, and risks. In turn, it describes in detail the most important evaluation procedures for various failure modes such as piping, flood, earthquake and stability are described in this chapter. Consequence assessment procedures, together with the different steps of the risk evaluation process, are analyzed, providing a guide on how to identify the appropriate failure mode for the examined dam and setting up the appropriate safety plan. The book introduces the most common methods for predicting peak breach discharge, analyzing some relevant case studies. Upon comparing the findings obtained with the different methods, the book concludes with some general suggestions and ideas for future developments. This book fills an important gap between theoretical works and real-life problems being investigating in practical research studies on dam safety and risk management. It provides readers with the necessary knowledge on risk analysis and shows how to apply this in practice to carry out dam safety studies. It offers practical guidelines to set up risk assessment procedures for different failure modes and predicting failure parameters such as failure time, peak breach discharge and breach width.

This proceedings book gathers contributions presented at the First International Conference on Embankment Dams (1st ICED, Beijing, 5-7 June 2020), which was the inaugural conference of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) Technical Committee TC210 on Embankment Dams. The contributions address five themes: (1) case histories on the failure of embankment dams and landslide dams; (2) dam failure process modelling; (3) soil mechanics for embankment dams; (4) dam risk assessment and management; and (5) monitoring, early warning and emergency response. These proceedings offer a unique resource that systematically presents recent dam breaching cases, their social impact, associated risk management strategies, and disposal methods for failed dams. It is an excellent reference guide for dam and levee engineers, flood safety officials, and emergency management agencies.

This book focuses on design technologies and practical engineering applications in connection with cruise ports and terminals. After a brief introduction to cruise ships and global cruise ports, it addresses the location, structure and layout of cruise terminals, the technologies involved, cruise terminal buildings and supporting facilities. The book also explores practical engineering cases, including projects that the authors have worked on, such as the Shenzhen Prince Bay and Shanghai Wusongkou International Cruise Terminal projects. Systematically discussing the design and engineering aspects of domestic and international cruise terminals, the book offers a practical reference guide for engineers, researchers, practitioners and policymakers in relevant fields.

This book presents an overview of current research problems and advances in theoretical and applied aspects of environmental hydraulics. The rapid development of this branch of water studies in recent years has contributed to our fundamental understanding of processes in natural aquatic systems and helped provide solutions for civil engineering and water resources management. The book features comprehensively reviewed versions of invited lectures and regular presentations given at the 38th International School of Hydraulics, held May 21-24, 2019, in Lack, Poland. With papers by leading international experts as well as young researchers from around the globe, it covers recent findings from laboratory and field studies, numerical modeling related to sediment and pollutant transport processes in rivers, fluvial morphodynamics, flow in vegetated channels and hydraulic structures in rivers and estuaries.

This research is dedicated to studying longterm estuarine morphodynamic behavior under combined river and tidal forcing. Analysis of river tides in the Yangtze River estuary (YRE) in China, schematized morphodynamic modeling in 1D and 2D mode and morphodynamic modeling of the YRE based on a process-based numerical model (Delft3D) are conducted. Morphodynamic sensitivities to river discharge magnitude and time variations, tidal strength and tidal constituents are then systematically explored. Analysis of river tides in the YRE reveals strong river-tide interactions and non-linear modulation of tides by river discharge. River discharge alters tidal asymmetries and resultant tidal residual sediment transport. Analysis of morphodynamic modeling results exposes significant mechanisms inducing tidal residual sediment transport and controlling long-term morphodynamic development. Morphodynamic equilibria in 1D and 2D simulations can be defined by vanishing gradients of tidal residual sediment transports and meeting empirical morphodynamic relationships. This research indicates the value of numerical modeling in examining long-term morphodynamic development in millennia time scale. Understanding of the controls on morphodynamic behavior in estuaries under river and tidal forcing is to the benefit of managing estuaries' functions in a long-term point of view.

'Many years ago, I decided to write a book about the Rideau Canal. It is, therefore, with mixed feelings that I see that Robert Legget has beaten me to the tape. He is to be congratulated ... The definitive work on the Rideau has been written, and I shall value my copy.' Eric Arthur

Since the publication of the first edition in 1955, Rideau Waterway has informed and delighted readers, among them historians, engineers, and vacationers. First revised in 1972, this classic guide has once again been brought up to date in a new edition.

Robert Legget offers a rich history of the Rideau Canal - an adventure in engineering, built by soldiers and civilian labourers through swamp, bush, and rocky wilderness - as well as a guide to current places of interest along the waterway and stories of the pioneers who settled there. He resurrects the controversy surrounding Colonel John By, Superintending Engineer of the construction of the canal, whose leadership was debated in the British press and after whom By town was named. By town is now Ottawa; Legget traces the city's development from construction camp to national capital.

This new edition contains three times as many photographs as the original, and has been even more thoroughly updated than was the revised edition of 1972. Legget has added new information about historical figures and references to developments in the surroundings: the St Lawrence Seaway, the Carillon hydroelectric project, new roads, new bridges, and more. The appendices have been revised to include the latest maps, charts, and fishing information available. In all, Legget has provided a lively guide for boaters and other travellers, and for all those interested in the history of eastern Ontario.

This book describes the fundamental phenomena of, and computational methods for, hydraulic transients, such as the self-stabilization effect, restriction of the Joukowsky equation, real relations between the rigid and elastic water column theories, the role of wave propagation speed, mechanism of the attenuation of pressure fluctuations, etc. A new wave tracking method is described in great detail and, supported by the established conservation and traveling laws of shockwaves, offers a number of advantages. The book puts forward a novel method that allows transient flows to be directly computed at each time node during a transient process, and explains the differences and relations between the rigid and elastic water column theories. To facilitate their use in hydropower applications, the characteristics of pumps and turbines are provided in suitable forms and examples. The book offers a valuable reference guide for engineers and scientists, helping them make transient computations for their own programming, while also contributing to the final standardization of methods for transient computations.

This well-established text book fills the gap between the general texts on fluid mechanics and the highly specialised volumes on hydraulic engineering.
It covers all aspects of hydraulic science normally dealt with in a civil engineering degree course and will be as useful to the engineer in practice as it is to the student and the teacher.

Hydraulic fracturing, commonly referred to as "fracking," is a technique used by the oil and gas industry to mine hydrocarbons trapped deep beneath the Earth's surface. The principles underlying the technology are not new. Fracking was first applied at the commercial level in the United States as early as 1947, and over the decades it has been applied in various countries including Canada, the UK, and Russia. The author worked with engineering teams as early as the mid-1970s in evaluating ways to improve oil recovery from this practice. By and large fracking was not an economically competitive process and had limited applications until the early 2000s. Several factors altered the importance of this technology, among them being significant technological innovations in drilling practices with impressive high tech tools for exploration, well construction and integrity, and recovery along with discoveries of massive natural gas reserves in the United States and other parts of the world. These factors have catapulted the application of the technology to what is best described as the gold rush of the 21st century, with exploration and natural gas plays proceeding at a pace that seemingly is unrivaled by any historical industrial endeavor. But this level of activity has invoked widespread criticism from concerned citizens and environmental groups in almost every nation across the Globe. This outstanding new volume offers the industry a handbook of environmental management practices that can mitigate risks to the environment and, through best practices and current technologies, to conform to the current standards and regulations that are in place to provide the world with the energy it needs while avoiding environmental damage. For the new hire, veteran engineer, and student alike, this is a one-of-a-kind volume, a must-have for anyone working in hydraulic fracturing.