Rivers have traditionally been revered by the people of the Indian subcontinent, though in recent decades, the region's rivers have deteriorated dramatically due to economic progress and gross mismanagement. Dams and ill-advised embankments strangle the Ganges and its sacred tributaries. Rivers have become sewage channels for a burgeoning population. Dirty, Sacred Rivers explores South Asia's looming water crisis, tracing a journey through the vast watershed of the Ganges, one of the great rivers of South Asia and to many people the holiest. To tell the story of this river basin, Cheryl Colopy treks to high mountain glaciers with hydrologists; bumps around the rough embankments of India's poorest state in a jeep with social workers; and takes a boat excursion through the Sundarbans, the mangrove forests at the end of the Ganges watershed. She lingers in key places and hot spots in the debate over water: * Delhi-a megacity on the banks of one the Ganges' most revered tributaries, the Yamuna-and a paradigm of water mismanagement * Bihar, where the Buddha gained enlightenment. It's now India's poorest, most crime-ridden state, thanks largely to the blunders of engineers who tried to tame powerful Himalayan rivers with embankments but instead created annual floods * Kathmandu-the home of one of the most elegant and ancient traditional water systems on the subcontinent, now the site of a water development boondoggle * The Nepal Himalaya, whose sweeping glaciers are starting to melt, threatening villagers in the high mountains A first-person narrative holds together disparate places and issues. The reader meets a cast of characters, ranging from the most humble members of South Asian society to engineers and former ministers. Some of these men and women are heroes, bucking current trends, trying to find rational ways to manage rivers and water. They are reviving ingenious methods of water management that thrived for centuries in South Asia and may point the way to water sustainability and healthy rivers.

"Rainfall-Runoff Modelling: The Primer, Second Edition" is the follow-up of this popular and authoritative text, first published in 2001. The book provides both a primer for the novice and detailed descriptions of techniques for more advanced practitioners, covering rainfall-runoff models and their practical applications. This new edition extends these aims to include additional chapters dealing with prediction in ungauged basins, predicting residence time distributions, predicting the impacts of change and the next generation of hydrological models. Giving a comprehensive summary of available techniques based on established practices and recent research the book offers a thorough and accessible overview of the area.

"Rainfall-Runoff Modelling: The Primer Second Edition" focuses on predicting hydrographs using models based on data and on representations of hydrological process. Dealing with the history of the development of rainfall-runoff models, uncertainty in mode predictions, good and bad practice and ending with a look at how to predict future catchment hydrological responses this book provides an essential underpinning of rainfall-runoff modelling topics.Fully revised and updated version of this highly popular text Suitable for both novices in the area and for more advanced users and developers Written by a leading expert in the field Guide to internet sources for rainfall-runoff modelling software

Riverscapes are the main arteries of the world's largest cities, and have, for millennia, been the lifeblood of the urban communities that have developed around them. These human settlements - given life through the space of the local waterscape - soon developed into ritualised spaces that sought to harness the dynamism of the watercourse and create the local architectural landscape. Theorised via a sophisticated understanding of history, space, culture, and ecology, this collection of wonderful and deliberately wide-ranging case studies, from Early Modern Italy to the contemporary Bengal Delta, investigates the culture of human interaction with rivers and the nature of urban topography. Riverine explores the ways in which architecture and urban planning have imbued cultural landscapes with ritual and structural meaning.

Organotin compounds, used as antifouling biocides since 1960, are chemical compounds that act as endocrine disrupters. It is not known how organotin compounds cause hormone disturbance, however, and many questions remain about their effect on aquatic organisms. Studies on organotin compounds have recently evolved, with many new findings reported. Following a worldwide ban on organotin compounds in 2008, alternative compounds will mainly be used, with the potential for coastal areas to become contaminated, causing, among other effects, cholinesterase inhibition in aquatic organisms. Use of alternative compounds must be controlled to avoid such errors. These and other findings are described and concisely summarized in this book, providing a useful reference in countries where alternative biocides are being considered. Included are studies on the effects on marine organisms, making this book an excellent aid to experts in environmental chemistry, to government organizations, and to students.

The Pharoahs were masters of the Nile: they had a detailed understanding of the ways of the river. Modern Egyptians see themselves as heirs to this tradition, and as owners of the Nile waters. In the 1960's, Egypt decided to protect its increasingly-populated Nile valley from the ravages of annual flooding by building a dam. A relatively small dam in the valley of Nubia, in the region of Tushka, would have enabled the excess floodwaters to safely be diverted towards the fossil valley of the pre-Nile. However, it was decided to select a site near Aswan, making it necessary to inundate more than 250km of river valley. Over the years, this strategy has been revealed to have been faulty, and numerous irrigation schemes in upriver countries have progressively reduced the amount of water descending into Egypt. The dire warning of the 14th century oracle appears to be prophetic: "the water of the river in my country will be stopped from reaching yours, which I shall cause to die of thirst..."

Ecology and Management of Inland Waters: A Californian Perspective with Global Applications presents the geologic history and physical characteristics of aquatic ecology. The author draws on his research from the inland waters of California and applies this to other areas, including Mediterranean climate systems, the tropics, and even South Africa. The endorheic basins covered in this text can be found in 30% of the US, including the Aral Sea, which is a fascinating case study that provides an important warning for other locations. The author also covers Zebra Mussels, which are set to soon be a permanent population in California. The book is authored by an expert in the field who covers a very wide and interdisciplinary subject area which brings a holistic view to this complex discipline.

Whether processes in the natural world are dependent or independent of the scale at which they operate is one of the major issues in hydrologic science. In this volume, leading hydrologists present their views on the role of scale effects in hydrologic phenomena occurring in a range of field settings, from the land surface to deep fractured rock. Self-contained and thought-provoking chapters cover both theoretical and applied hydrology. They provide critical insights into important topics such as general circulation models, floods, river networks, vadose zone processes, groundwater transport, and fluid flow through fractured media. This book is intended as an accessible introduction for graduate students and researchers to some of the most significant questions and challenges that will face hydrologic science in the twenty-first century.

The coastal zone is subject to strong pressures from a large number of users. Populations are migrating to it in large numbers. Industry wants to exploit it for its space, water and manpower. Aggregate miners want to exploit mineral resources and health centers are multiplying. It is a favorite area for tourism and recreation worldwide. The zone can boom economically. However, coastlines are progressively receding worldwide, making the zone fragile, vulnerable, and unstable. The book presents methods of coastal protection and beach restoration and offers solutions to the various problems.

Advances in Soil and Water Conservation provides an in-depth, scholarly treatment of the most important developments and influences shaping soil and water conservation in the last 50 years. The book addresses the technological developments of erosion processes, methods for their control, policy and social forces shaping the research agenda, and future directions.
Topics covered include:
key governmental agencies and programs
research on processes of soil and water degradation
control practices and soil quality enhancement
conservation tillage
the connection between soil and water conservation and sustainable agriculture
effects of technology and social influences on soil and water conservation in this country
The historical foundation, the focus on key developments, the depth of treatment and thorough documentation, and the orientation to the future make Advances in Soil and Water Conservation a superlative resource for all persons in the field.

In recent years the analysis, control, preservation, remediation and correct management of underground resources have received a growing attention in a variety of sectors, including industrial, professional and academic environments. The volume describes new developments in both applied research and design technology to maintain sustainability of a vital resource (groundwater) which is continuously threatened by contamination resulting from solid waste disposal operations, site reutilization, intensive extraction, accidental leakage of spill in working installations and non-point source pollution in agriculture. It is directed to managers, professionals, and researchers working in any of the areas concerned with the control, prediction, and remediation of soil and groundwater contamination.

This text examines the impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems, past, present and future. It especially considers the interactions between climate change and other drivers of change including hydromorphological modification, nutrient loading, acid deposition and contamination by toxic substances using evidence from palaeolimnology, time-series analysis, space-for-time substitution, laboratory and field experiments and process modelling. The book evaluates these processes in relation to extreme events, seasonal changes in ecosystems, trends over decadal-scale time periods, mitigation strategies and ecosystem recovery.

The book is also concerned with how aspects of hydrophysical, hydrochemical and ecological change can be used as early indicators of climate change in aquatic ecosystems and it addresses the implications of future climate change for freshwater ecosystem management at the catchment scale.

This is an ideal book for the scientific research community, but is also accessible to Masters and senior undergraduate students.

Groundwater is an increasingly important resource to human populations around the world, and the study and protection of groundwater is an essential part of hydrogeology - the subset of hydrology that concentrates on the subsurface. Environmental isotopes, naturally occurring nuclides in water and solutes, have become fundamental tools for tracing the recharge, history, and contamination of groundwater.

The book concentrates on hydrological and geomorphological processes in mountain rivers with the majority of the contributions focusing on the Alps.
Methods and results of research in solid load transport and river bed dynamics are presented by international authors. The authors come from earth science and engineering institutions and both practical and theoretical aspects of mountain river research are addressed.
The book is a valuable guide and source of information on problems of environmental planning and protection, river management and hazard assessment.

Based on a comparative analysis of two case studies, this book presents a comprehensive and systematic examination of urban water management in the light of environmental theory. A complex model structure of the subject matter portrays it as a system of interlocking subsystems covering the management structure, the inventory and the urban hydrological conditions. The system itself is also viewed within its wider urban ecological context of interaction between urban and industrial development, land use and the physical environment. This analytical grid also provides the framework for the evaluation of water management reforms, remedial strategies, programs and plans. By seizing upon a crucial problem setting for arid land research, the author most poignantly reveals the complex role of water management within the context of environmental crisis. The choice of urban regions - ]r}mqi, Xinjiang, and Phoenix, Arizona - within systems as culturally and politically different as the United States and the PR of China is apt to give an up-to-date display of the main issues of the topic within a global perspective. The evident socioeconomic contrast between the two systems projects a differentiated notion of the Third World's predicament in this respect, and leads the reader on to explore the opportunities - but also the definite limitations -involved in the transfer of high-standardWestern know-how.

Forests cover approximately 26% of the world's land surface area and represent a distinct biotic community. They interact with water and soil in a variety of ways, providing canopy surfaces which trap precipitation and allow evaporation back into the atmosphere, thus regulating how much water reaches the forest floor as through fall, as well as pull water from the soil for transpiration. The discipline "forest hydrology" has been developed throughout the 20th century. During that time human intervention in natural landscapes has increased, and land use and management practices have intensified. This book: - Presents cutting edge thinking and assessments in forest hydrology across all latitudes and terrains, including state-of-the-art modelling techniques and methodologies - Describes the latest challenges facing forest hydrology, such as increased occurrence of disturbance, due to extreme floods, drought, disease, and fire, potentially caused by climate change - Is written by an internationally renowned team of scientists, engineers, and managers to give a well-rounded review of the subject The book will be useful for graduate students, professionals, land managers, practitioners, and researchers with a good understanding of the basic principles of hydrology and hydrologic processes.

The most recent "comprehensive" book on the subject of ground water sampling was written by Dr. Barcelona in 1986 and is still being sold today. It does not, however, include soil water sampling and analytic techniques. A considerable amount of research has since been undertaken dealing with ground water sampling equipment and techniques, making an up-to-date text a valuable commodity. The scope and detail of this book is much broader and more inclusive than previous efforts on the subject, and it provides the latest results of research in the field. The book presents a comprehensive introduction to ground water monitoring, placing monitoring in context with respective regulatory programs. It offers a unique, detailed description of the installation and operation of soil water samplers (pressure-vacuum and zero tension). It provides the most comprehensive, step-by-step guidance on monitoring well installation. The discussion of field instrumentation includes theory and operation of equipment used for obtaining static water levels, temperature, redox, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, turbidity, and alkalinity. Equipment and techniques used to obtain ground water samples are described, and several valuable checklists are included. Quality assurance and control (QA/QC) are addressed in terms that can be easily comprehended and utilized. The book also provides an excellent introduction on how ground water samples are prepared and analyzed in a laboratory. It is difficult to overestimate the quality and utility of this book. More than 46 photographs, an abundance of tables and diagrams, and a well-written style make even the most complex topic understandable. This extremelypractical book should serve as the standard for ensuring ground water data reliability and comparability.

These proceedings of the International Workshop of Fluvial Hydraulics of Mountain Region (Trent, October 1989) can be regarded as the state-of-the-art on water flow and sediment transport in mountain rivers. The focus is on: - Hydrodynamics of steep rivers; - Sediment movement and sediment control; - Particular features on sediment transport relevant to non-uniform grain-size.

In this monograph, a finite difference algorithm for study- ing two dimensional wave breaking in the vertical plane is developed. The essential feature of this algorithm is the combination of the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) technique for arbi- trary free surfaces and the k-E turbulence model. This me- thodology allows a self-contained study for wave transforma- tion processes in shallow water before, during and after breaking. This capability is illustrated in several calcula- tions. This book will be of interest for final year graduates, postgraduates and researchers working in the fields of tur- bulence modelling, wave hydrodynamics, coastal engineering, and oceanography of coastal regions.

Hydrology covers the fundamentals of hydrology and hydrogeology, taking an environmental slant dictated by the emphasis in recent times for the remediation of contaminated aquifers and surface-water bodies as well as a demand for new designs that impose the least negative impact on the natural environment. Major topics covered include hydrological principles, groundwater flow, groundwater contamination and clean-up, groundwater applications to civil engineering, well hydraulics, and surface water. Additional topics addressed include flood analysis, flood control, and both ground-water and surface-water applications to civil engineering design.

An expert review of recent progress in the study of turbulent flows with a focus on recently identified organized structures. This book reviews the recent progress in the study of the turbulent flows that sculpt the Earth s surface, focusing in particular on the organized structures that have been identified in recent years within turbulent flows. These coherent flow structures can include eddies or vortices at the scale of individual grains, through structures that scale with the flow depth in rivers or estuaries, to the large-scale structure of flows at the morphological or landform scale. These flow structures are of wide interest to the scientific community because they play an important role in fluid dynamics and influence the transport, erosion and deposition of sediment and pollutants in a wide variety of fluid flow environments. Scientific knowledge of these structures has improved greatly over the past 20 years as computational fluid dynamics has come to play an increasing important part in building our understanding of coherent flow structures across a broad range of scales. Chapters comprise a series of major, invited papers and a selection of the most novel, innovative papers presented at the second Coherent Flow Structures Conference held August 3-5, 2011 at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia. Chapters focus on six major themes: * Dynamics of coherent flow structures (CFS) in geophysical flows * Interaction of turbulent flows, vegetation and ecological habitats * Coherent structure of atmospheric flows * Numerical modeling of coherent flow structures * Turbulence in open channel flows * Coherent flow structures, sediment transport and morphological feedbacks.

The Zambezi river is the fourth longest in Africa, crossing or bordering Zambia, Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. The river basin is widely recognised as one of the most important basins in southern Africa and is the focus of contested development, including water for hydropower and for agriculture and the environment. This book provides a thorough review of water and sustainable development in the Zambezi, in order to identify critical issues and propose constructive ways forward. The book first reviews the availability and use of water resources in the basin, outlines the basin's economic potential and highlights key concerns related to climate vulnerability and risk. Focus is then devoted to hydropower and the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus, sustainable agricultural water management, and threats and opportunities related to provision of ecosystem services. The impact of urbanisation and water quality is also examined, as well as ways to enhance transboundary water cooperation. Last, the book assesses the level of water security in the basin, and provides suggestions for achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6. Throughout, emphasis is placed on entry points for basin-level management to foster improved paths forward.

In the mid-seventies, a new area of research has emerged in subsurface hydrology, namely sto chastic modeling of flow and transport. This development has been motivated by the recognition of the ubiquitous presence of heterogeneities in natural formations and of their effect upon transport and flow, on the one hand, and by the vast expansion of computational capability provided by elec tronic machines, on the other. Apart from this, one of the areas in which spatial variability of for mation properties plays a cardinal role is of contaminant transport, a subject of growing interest and concern. I have been quite fortunate to be engaged in research in this area from its inception and to wit ness the rapid growth of the community and of the literature on spatial variability and its impact upon subsurface hydrology. In view of this increasing interest, I decided a few years ago that it would be useful to present the subject in a systematic and comprehensive manner in order to help those who wish to engage themselves in research or application of this new field. I viewed as my primary task to analyze the large scale heterogeneity of aquifers and its effect, presuming that the reader already possesses a background in traditional hydrology. This is achieved in Parts 3, 4 and 5 of the text which incorporate the pertinent material."

Water names carry specific evidence of linguistic history. The German Book of Water Names concentrates academic insight on German names of lakes and rivers and associated place names, and for the first time, makes available in a single reference work the findings of the past 60 years of linguistic geographical research. It presents water names in Germany and water names in neighboring countries attributable to the German language.

This concise book covers all the critical aspects of environmental sampling and analysis. Extensively peer-reviewed by scientists from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and other government agencies, industry and academia, it is packed with practical advice and tips from renowned experts.
Planning, sampling, analysis, QA/QC, and reporting are discussed for air, water, solid liquid, and biological samples, with emphasis on the interdependence between sampling and analytical activities. Special requirements for sampling devices, containers, and preservatives are provided with convenient checklists for sampling plans and protocols.
New and revised recommendations involving method detection levels, reliable detection levels, and levels of quantitation are discussed in conjunction with laboratory reports and user presentations of data near analytical detection limits.
This is a valuable and comprehensive reference book for chemists, technicians, consultants, lawyers, regulators, engineers, quality control officers, news and information managers, teachers, and students.

This book has grown from Intermediate Technology's field experiences with micro-hydro installations and covers operation and maintenance, commissioning, electrical power, induction generators, electronic controllers, management, and energy surveys.