The Nicaraguan revolution of 1978 and the subsequent violence engulfing the Central American states, causes mass migration of Latin American persons seeking territorial asylum. "Latin American States and Political RefugeeS" focuses on the questions surrounding this new problem of refugees. Yundt uses regime analysis, a method whereby principles, norms, and social institutions are studied to identify the general obligations due refugees. The central concern of this study is whether the regional rules, norms, procedures and social institutions established by the Latin American states in governing political refugees, are compatible with or dissimilar to those of the established United Nations refugees regime. This scholarly written and well researched book will appeal to students and scholars of international organizations, international refugee and human rights law, as well as all the social and political sciences.

Yundt begins his study with an explanation of the meaning of 'regime'; What is a regime analysis? This book examines the history and current status of colonization and immigration legislation in Central and South America. Further chapters discuss the role of international organizations, including the League of Nations and the organization of American states, in providing international legal protection to refugees. The study also explores the global refugee regime; its history and how it relates to the inter-American system.

Prevailing scholarship on migration tends to present migrants as the objects of history, subjected to abstract global forces or to concrete forms of regulation imposed by state and supra state organizations. In this volume, by contrast, the focus is on migrants as the subjects of history who not only react but also act to engage with and transform their worlds. Using ethnographic examples from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and the Middle East, contributors question how and why particular forms of political struggle and collective action may, or indeed may not, be carried forward in the context of geographic and social border crossings. In doing so, they bring the dynamic relationship between class, gender, and culture to the forefront in each distinctive migration setting.

"Turner's book offers fascinating insights into the daily realities in a refugee camp hidden under the bureaucratic model imposed by the relief agencies. In the UNHCR staff's blueprint the camp is an a-political, homogeneous space and refugees are innocent victims who have to be empowered. Turner shows - with the help of both vivid ethnography and seminal interpretations - that reality is strikingly different." . Pieter Geschiere, University of Amsterdam

"This work represents a major contribution to the understanding of camp life in refugee contexts. Given the limited number of texts in English on the Burundi conflict and refugee contexts, this work will be of considerable significance. It is the first to engage with the recent post-1994 refugee population on the ground and based on original material that is derived from primary research in a refugee camp." . Patricia Daley, Oxford University

Based on thorough ethnographic fieldwork in a refugee camp in Tanzania this book provides a rich account of the benevolent "disciplining mechanisms" of humanitarian agencies, led by the UNHCR, and of the situated, dynamic, indeterminate, and fluid nature of identity (re)construction in the camp. While the refugees are expected to behave as innocent, helpless victims, the question of victimhood among Burundian Hutu is increasingly challenged, following the 1993 massacres in Burundi and the Rwandan genocide. The book explores how different groups within the camp apply different strategies to cope with these issues and how the question of innocence and victimhood is itself imbued with ambiguity, as young men struggle to recuperate their masculinity and their political subjectivity.

Simon Turner is Head of the research unit on Migration, Development and Conflict at the Danish Institute for International Studies. He has worked on the conflict in Burundi, doing ethnographic fieldwork among refugees and the Diaspora in East Africa and Europe. He has published on masculinity, Diaspora and conflict, sovereignty and public authority, and refugee relief work."

Million of people around the Asia Pacific region are suffering from the twin effects of globalization and exclusionary nationality laws. Some are migrant workers without rights in host countries; some are indigenous peoples who are not accorded their full rights in their own countries. Yet others are refugees escaping from regimes that have no respect for human rights. This collection of essays discusses the ways in which citizenship laws in the region might be made consistent with human dignity. It considers the connectedness of national belonging and citizenship in East and Southeast Asian and Pacific states including Australia the impact of mass migration, cultural homogenization and other effects of globalization on notions of citizenship and possibilities of commitment to a transnational democratic citizenship that respects cultural difference.;This work is intended for use by departments of politics, international relations, economics (courses in international trade, globalization, labour economics), Asian studies, sociology (courses in legal and citizenship studies), and law.

The issues of immigration and integration are at the forefront of contemporary politics. Yet debates over foreign workers and the desirability of their incorporation into European and American societies too often are discussed without a sense of history. McCook's examination questions static assumptions about race and white immigrant assimilation a hundred years ago, highlighting how the Polish immigrant experience is relevant to present-day immigration debates on both sides of the Atlantic. Further, his research shows the complexity of attitudes toward immigration in Germany and the United States, challenging historical myths surrounding German national identity and the American "melting pot." In a comparative study of Polish migrants who settled in the Ruhr Valley and northeastern Pennsylvania, McCook shows that in both regions, Poles become active citizens within their host societies through engagement in social conflict within the public sphere to defend their ethnic, class, gender, and religious interests. While adapting to the Ruhr and northeastern Pennsylvania, Poles simultaneously retained strong bonds with Poland, through remittances, the exchange of letters, newspapers, and frequent return migration. In this analysis of migration in a globalizing world, McCook highlights the multifaceted ways in which immigrants integrate into society, focusing in particular on how Poles created and utilized transnational spaces to mobilize and attain authentic and more permanent identities grounded in newer broadly conceived notions of citizenship.

"The papers in this volume cast new light on Zimbabwe's difficult recent history through the experiences of the large numbers of Zimbabweans now settled across the world, mostly in South Africa and Britian. Especially in South Africa, building popular support for the Zimbabwean diaspora is an urgent political challenge, and one for which this book provides plenty of resources. At the same time it offers a creative and intelligent contribution to the wider academic literature on diasporas." . Prof. Jennifer Robinson, UCL

"The volume is to be welcomed as a considerable addition to the growing literature on African migrants and refugees in Europe and elsewhere. It brings together research conducted by a range of scholars from different disciplines and of different backgrounds, including many from Zimbabwe itself...Comparing the Zimbabwean 'diaspora' in depth in two important and different contexts (the UK and South Africa) gives it significant added value." . Prof. Ralph Grillo, University of Sussex

"This rich collection of case studies reveals the complexities of Zimbabweaness and diasporic identities and demonstrates how these particular diasporas are inserted into layers of interpretative schemes both in South Africa and UK. This focus on historical intertwining and the layers of interpretation that it creates, is an important contribution to Diaspora studies and studies on transnationalism that tend merely to explore contemporary issues of exclusion/marginalization or 'political opportunity structures' in the host society." . Prof. Simon Turner, Danish Institute for International Studies

Zimbabwe's crisis since 2000 has produced a dramatic global scattering of people. This volume investigates this enforced dispersal, and the processes shaping the emergence of a new "diaspora" of Zimbabweans abroad, focusing on the most important concentrations in South Africa and in Britain. Not only is this the first book on the diasporic connections created through Zimbabwe's multifaceted crisis, but it also offers an innovative combination of research on the political, economic, cultural and legal dimensions of movement across borders and survival thereafter with a discussion of shifting identities and cultural change. It highlights the ways in which new movements are connected to older flows, and how displacements across physical borders are intimately linked to the reworking of conceptual borders in both sending and receiving states. The book is essential reading for researchers/students in migration, diaspora and postcolonial literary studies.

JoAnn McGregor is Lecturer at University College London. She has published on Zimbabwean politics, society and history, and on forced migration. She is co-author of Violence and Memory: One Hundred Years in the Dark Forests of Matabeleland, Zimbabwe (2000) and co-edits the Journal of Southern African Studies.

Ranka Primorac is Teaching Fellow at University of Southampton. She has published on Zimbabwean literature and culture, and is author of The Place of Tears: The Novel and Politics in Modern Zimbabwe and co-editor of Zimbabwe in Crisis: The International Response and the Space of Silence (2007)."

This book explores the historical development of post-war immigration politics in Norway, Sweden and Denmark from the perspective of the welfare state, examining how welfare states with high ambitions, generous and inclusive welfare schemes and a strong sense of egalitarianism cope with the pressures of immigration and growing diversities.

Despite spatial statistics and spatial econometrics both being recent sprouts of the general tree "spatial analysis with measurement"-some may remember the debate after WWII about "theory without measurement" versus "measurement without theory"-several general themes have emerged in the pertaining literature. But exploring selected other fields of possible interest is tantalizing, and this is what the authors intend to report here, hoping that they will suscitate interest in the methodologies exposed and possible further applications of these methodologies. The authors hope that reactions about their publication will ensue, and they would be grateful to reader(s) motivated by some of the research efforts exposed hereafter letting them know about these experiences.

This three-volume set of previously out-of-print titles closely examines three key aspects of Muslim Spain: the Muslim conquest and settlement, together with its political and economic administration; spirituality in the region; and El Cid and the Spanish reconquest. Together they form an important overview of the period and the region.

Examining the ways in which majority Western cultures govern, represent and exclude those that are considered to be ethically "other," this book asks what is the impact of globalization, governance and Western immigration controls on the construction of the majority "self" and the minority "other"?

"Sandra Dudley brings unique and valuable insights into the field of forced migration both through her study of the Karenni refugees in Thailand, an overlooked group of refugees who have fled dire circumstances of counter/insurgency and destruction, and a material culture disciplinary lens. This is an eloquently composed text with high scholarly merits." . Hazel Lang, Australian National University

Focusing on the highly diverse Karenni refugee population living in camps on the Thai-Burma border, this innovative book explores materiality, embodiment, memory, imagination, and identity among refugees, providing new and important ways of understanding how refugees make sense of experience, self, and other. It examines how and to what ends refugees perceive, represent, manipulate, use as metaphor, and otherwise engage with material objects and spaces, and includes a focus on the real and metaphorical journeys that bring about and perpetuate exile.

The combined emphasis on both displacement and materiality, and the analysis of the cultural construction and intersections of exilic objects, spaces, and bodies, are unique in the study of both refugees and material culture. Drawing theoretical influences from phenomenology, aesthetics, and beyond, as well as from refugee studies and anthropology, the author addresses the current lack of theoretical analysis of the material, visual, spatial, and embodied aspects of forced migration, providing a fundamentally interlinked analysis of enforced exile and materiality.

Sandra Dudley has worked with and on Karenni refugees since 1996, completing her doctorate in Social Anthropology at the University of Oxford in 2001. She is currently a Lecturer in the Department of Museum Studies, University of Leicester, having previously taught at Oxford and UEA and worked at the Pitt Rivers Museum."

This is a comparison of the process of democratization in Chile and Argentina. Utilizing models of citizenship, the book examines the impact of constitutional change, institutional development and participation in both political parties and social movements from the perspective of the citizen. It finds that citizen participation, once dominated by the welfare model, has been enhanced by the individualism associated with neo-liberalism in relation to local, social issues but that elite relationships dominate political activity in the formal political arena.

Language and Migration is timely for two main reasons: one is social - international migration is at an all-time high - and the other is theoretical - theorizing language as a mobile resource is currently the most exiting frontier in sociolinguistics. Including the very best contemporary scholarship as well as key foundational research, this four volume collection will strike a balance between the socially-relevant and topical issues of wider concern raised by migration on the one hand, and disciplinary conceptual and methodological concerns on the other. In doing so, Language and Migration is intended both as a showcase of the most important work in the field as well as an intervention into contemporary debates.

Millions of descendants of the former colonized and enslaved peoples around the world are now classified as poor readers, bad writers, and slow learners. Are they illiterate or silenced people? Are they global citizens or global outcasts? Drawing from case studies of flesh and blood individuals in Mexico and the U.S., this book questions the colonizing images of the "illiterate", and explores the ways in which the long social history of conquest and colonization, plunder and globalization, is inscribed in the personal histories of today's subjugated people. It argues that rather than "limited literacy skills" they face systematic lack of freedom to speak, act, and make decisions about their own lives. Literacy, thus, is understood as a key practice of voice and citizenship.

..".the result of an exciting oral history project...this rich edited volume offers a compelling look at the meanings of the feminization of intra-European migration...One of the primary strengths of the volume is its effective approach to the collection and transmission of oral histories." - Oral History

"Women Migrants from East to West" documents the contemporary phenomenon of the feminisation of migration through an exploration of the lives of women who have moved from Bulgaria and Hungary to Italy and the Netherlands. The research is based on the oral histories of eighty migrant women and thirty additional interviews with 'native' women in the 'receiving' countries. The research assumes migrants to be active subjects, creating possibilities and taking decisions in their own lives, as well as being subject to legal and political regulation, and the book analyses the new forms of subjectivity that come about through mobility. Part I is a largely conceptual exploration of subjectivity, mobility and gender in Europe. The chapters in Part II focus on love, work, home, communication, and food, themes which emerged from the migrant women's accounts. In Part III, based on the interviews with 'native' women - employers, friends, or in associations relevant to migrant women - the chapters analyse their representations of migrants, and the book goes on to explore forms of intersubjectivity between European women of different cultural origins. A major contribution of this book is to consider how the movement of people across Europe is changing the cultural and social landscape with implications for how we think about what Europe means.

Luisa Passerini is Professor of Cultural History at the University of Turin, and External Professor of History of the Twentieth Century at the European University Institute, Italy. She is author of, amongst other books, Europe in Love, Love in Europe. Imagination and Politics Between the Wars (London: I.B. Tauris and New York: New York University Press, 1999).

Dawn Lyon is Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Kent, UK, and has published in the field of gender, work and employment in comparative perspective.

Enrica Capussotti is Research Fellow in the Department of History, University of Siena, Italy, and is author of Gioventu perduta. Gli anni cinquanta dei giovani e del cinema in Italia (Florence: Giunti, 2004).

Ioanna Laliotou is Assistant Professor in Contemporary History, University of Thessaly, Greece, and is author of Transatlantic Subjects: Acts of Migration and Culture of Transnationalism between Europe and America (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2004)."

Unstable social climates are causing the displacement of large numbers of people around the world. Thus, the issue of safe replacement arises causing the need for new policies and strategies regarding immigration. Global Perspectives on Human Migration, Asylum, and Security is a timely reference source for the latest research on the challenges, risks, and policies of current relocation and refugee flows, as well as address security problems in relation to these aspects of immigration. Featuring coverage on a wide variety of topics and perspectives such as terrorism, racism, and human rights, this publication is ideally designed for academicians, policy makers, researchers, and practitioners seeking current research on the current societal happenings of refugee integration around the world.

By conversing with the main bodies of relevant literature from Migration Studies and Memory Studies, this overview highlights how analysing memories can contribute to a better understanding of the complexities of migrant incorporation. The chapters consider international case studies from Europe, North America, Australia, Asia and the Middle East.

Due process protections are among the most important Constitutional protections in the United States, yet they do not apply to non-citizens facing detention and deportation. Due Process Denied describes the consequences of this lack of due process through the stories of deportees and detainees. People who have lived nearly all of their lives in the United States have been detained and deported for minor crimes, without regard for constitutional limits on disproportionate punishment. The court's insistence that deportation is not punishment does not align with the experiences of deportees. For many, deportation is one of the worst imaginable punishments.

Immigrants and their descendants are growing populations that are rapidly changing the racial/ethnic diversity of the United States and many societies across the globe. People migrate for a multitude of reasons but work whether in the high-skilled, low-wage, or informal sectors of the economy or the drive to establish a businesses, is the primary impetus. The goal of this volume is to bring together new empirical research and theoretical innovations from cutting-edge scholarship concentrating on the intersection of immigration and work. Research in this volume investigates how larger structural inequalities in sending and receiving nations, immigrant entry policies, group characteristics, and micro level processes, such as discrimination and access to ethnic networks, shapes labor market outcomes, workplace experiences, and patterns of integration among immigrants and their descendants.

This book aims to address this neglect in the European context with concentration on the UK case. Conceptually, This book explores the meanings of diaspora and whether this is an appropriate concept to refer to Latin American migration to Europe in particular. It also examines the utility of transnationality and transmigration as useful in explaining and assessing the realities of the movement of Latin Americans around the world. The book provides important conceptual discussions of some key themes in relation to Latin American migrants in general, such as poverty, negotiating institutions, family life and domestic service and mainly in relation to the European context. Perhaps most importantly in terms of the state of current knowledge on the topic, it uncovers the lives of Latin American migrants in the UK, which have remained largely hidden to date.

Between 1560 and 1620, a thousand or more people left the town of Brihuega in Spain to migrate to New Spain (now Mexico), where nearly all of them settled in Puebla de los Angeles, New Spain's second most important city. A medium-sized community of about four thousand people, Brihuega had been a center of textile production since the Middle Ages, but in the latter part of the sixteenth century its industry was in decline--a circumstance that induced a significant number of its townspeople to emigrate to Puebla, where conditions for textile manufacturing seemed ideal.
The immigrants from Brihuega played a crucial role in making Puebla the leading textile producer in New Spain, and they were otherwise active in the city's commercial-industrial sector as well. Although some immigrants penetrated the higher circles of "poblano" society and politics, for the most part they remained close to their entrepreneurial and artisanal origins. Closely associated through business, kinship, marital, and "compadrazgo" ties, and in residential patterns, the Brihuega immigrants in Puebla constituted a coherent and visible community.
This book uses the experiences and activities of the immigrants as a basis for analyzing society in Brihuega and Puebla, making direct comparisons between the two cities by examining such topics as mobility and settlement; politics and public life; economic activity; religious life; social relations; and marriage, family, and kinship. In tracing the socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional patterns of a town in Spain and a city in New Spain--in all their connections, continuities, and discontinuities--the book offers a new basis for understanding the process and implications of the transference of these patterns within the early modern Hispanic world.

Worldwide conflict continues to force the migration of citizens seeking safety, shelter, and stability. This conflict-induced migration has social and economic impacts not only on the individuals and families that are forced to flee but also on the communities and environment. Examining the Social and Economic Impacts of Conflict-Induced Migration is an essential reference source that examines the theoretical and practical basis of induced migration in regions under conflict and the impact of sociology and economy on this type of relocation and how it can be managed for global sustainable peace. Featuring research on topics such as conflict theory, media agenda, and state economics, this book is ideally designed for sociologists, economists, policymakers, government functionaries, peace keepers, non-governmental organizations, academicians, researchers, and students.

This novel analysis of contemporary Asian and Pacific Islander immigration to the United States offers the most up-to-date synthesis of findings on global migration today. It presents a series of principles regarding new double-step patterns in population movements at the end of the twentieth century. This discussion of new paths and modes of world migration in a rimless world is intended for a broad, inter-disciplinary audience of students, teachers, and professionals in ethnic studies, U.S. history, Asian and Asian-American studies, studies relating to the Pacific Rim, sociology, demographics, and international relations. This study of multi-level and multi-directional global migration opens with an analysis of world migration theory, macro and micro factors in international migration, and a review of research about recent migration patterns. Next, this study offers twenty-seven propositions about factors that have affected decisions of peoples to move elsewhere, their adjustment to new countries, their return migrations, and the impact of international migration. Asian and Pacific Islander immigration to the United States is examined along with extensive data based on U.S. immigration records. This fourth wave of immigration to the United States is then analyzed in detail. Accompanying this data and analysis is a model of double stepwise international migration--extremely useful for those studying the intricacies of global patterns of migration. Barkan concludes with other data on mobility variables, an appendix, and an index.