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Books > Law > International law > Public international law > International law of transport & communications
The potential use of space for military purposes has, since the end
of the Second World War, been intrinsically linked to the
development of space technology and space flight. The political
relevance of outer space continues to be recognised by nations,
particularly the strategic benefit of Earth observation from outer
space as a national security tool. However, the dual-use potential
of many space applications increasingly blurs the distinction
between the military and non-military uses of space. In fact, many
States have openly declared their willingness to protect their
space assets by military means and some have even described outer
space as a war-fighting domain. Non-State entities are becoming
more and more involved in outer space activities, including the use
of satellites for navigation purposes, the transportation of
supplies to the International Space Station and the offering of
tourist flights into outer space. Private operators have
significantly increased activity in the launch of satellites and in
2021 no less than three private space companies (Virgin Galactic,
Blue Origin and SpaceX) conducted successful space tourist flights.
Today in all space-faring countries, the space industry contributes
to national GDP and supports the labour force. It also serves as a
catalyst for technological advancement and productivity growth, and
has become an integral part of the day-to-day lives of people
around the world. Consequently, the socio-economic benefits of
space technology (in particular satellite technology) have made the
development of space programmes an increasing necessity for
developing States. Outer space has become a congested environment.
The involvement of private actors, specifically, has given rise to
a number of legal issues, including questions pertaining to
liability, insurance, space debris, human rights and property
rights in space. To address these legal uncertainties, the existing
chapters in the second edition of Outer Space Law: Legal Policy and
Practice have been updated significantly and several new chapters
have been added dealing with topical issues including: the
regulation of satellite navigation systems, and satellite
constellations; the application of human rights in outer space
settlements; the exploration and colonisation of outer space; and
planetary protection. The second edition of Outer Space Law: Legal
Policy and Practice remains aimed at readers looking for a single
title to understand the key issues relevant to the space sector, by
also emphasising the practical application of those issues. The
book will be specifically relevant to legal practitioners,
academics and State departments primarily working in the space
arena, as well as to those in other related sectors such as IT and
media, insurance and political science. Edited by Yanal Abul
Failat, lawyer at the international law firm Fasken, and Professor
Anel Ferreira-Snyman, a professor of law specialising in
international space law at the University of South Africa, the book
includes contributions by leading experts from space agencies,
space venturers, lawyers, economists, insurers, academics and
financiers.
Freight Forwarding and Multimodal Transport Contracts, 2nd Edition,
is a comprehensive guide to the law in relation to contract forms
and terms created by operators, trade associations or international
bodies such as the UN and used as a basis for trading conditions by
freight forwarders, logistics suppliers, combined or multimodal
transport operators and container operators. This second edition
examines the latest editions of contract forms and terms, both
where their object is the supply or procurement of multimodal
carriage, as well as where they are directed to the use of combined
transport equipment (ie containers, swap bodies). Of particular
prominence will be a detailed examination of the latest versions of
conditions used by the principal UK forwarding, logistics,
intermodal and container operators such as the British
International Freight Association (BIFA) conditions 2005A and the
current Freightliner Conditions as well as updates on many of the
conditions in use and legal developments relevant to them, eg Road
Haulage Association Conditions 2009, Maersk Conditions of Carriage,
TT Club Conditions.
International Cargo Insurance examines the law and practice of
marine cargo insurance on a worldwide basis, and provides the busy
practitioner the information needed to quickly and accurately
resolve cargo insurance coverage issues, wherever they may arise.
The book concentrates on the law in the United States and England.
It then examines other countries with a common law tradition
including Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan and Australia. The civil law
systems are highlighted in a number of key trading nations: Italy,
Germany, France and Norway. The book includes chapters on South
Africa as well as the People's Republic of China. It concludes with
a comparative law chapter concentrating on issues that arise in
practice in cargo coverage cases. This chapter also examines how
the Institute Cargo Clauses have been construed by Courts
worldwide. The appendices include the standard cargo policy
insurance terms used in each jurisdiction, some translated for the
first time for this volume, as well as translations of the relevant
statutes and commercial codes, many not available elsewhere.
In this book, Dr Luping Zhang investigates dispute resolution
mechanisms in international civil aviation with a primary focus on
the functions of the International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO) Council. The ICAO was created as a result of the Convention
on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention) laying the
foundations for these dispute resolution mechanisms in
international civil aviation, although it neglected to cover
economic regulations. Over the years there has been a proliferation
of bilateral Air Services Agreements (ASA)s and multilateral
treaties. With the advancement of aviation technology, The
Resolution of Inter-State Disputes in Civil Aviation considers
whether dispute resolution mechanisms should be modernised, and if
so, what form this modernisation might take. It explores this
through five chapters: the first chapter defines the scope of the
research and introduces the methodology. The second chapter traces
the evolution of dispute resolution clauses under both multilateral
air law treaties and bilateral ASAs, with the most up-to-date data.
The third chapter analyses how disputes brought forward in relation
to the treaties in Chapter II are resolved in practice. The fourth
chapter builds on empirical evidence to critically assesses the
political and legal implications of settling international aviation
disputes. The final chapter proposes a model for reform based on
this cumulative research, introducing a proposal for amending rules
and procedures in the ICAO, as well as for the establishment of a
new arbitral institution.
This publication includes, among other things, practical guidance
on the implementation of the provisions of the Convention on the
Law of the Sea relating to marine scientific research based on the
outcome of the meeting of the group of experts. The General
Assembly of the United Nations has consistently highlighted the
importance of marine science for eradicating poverty, contributing
to food security, conserving the world's marine environment and
resources, helping to understand, predict and respond to natural
events and promoting the sustainable development of the oceans and
seas.
Improving seaport infrastructure and trade practices can reduce the
cost of goods and services and improve the quality of life for
communities across the Pacific. This study reviews trade patterns
and provides recommendations on regional approaches to help address
shared constraints such as climate change and exposure to external
shocks. It looks at how trade flows in the Pacific are changing,
how growth will affect seaport operations and shipping services,
and how trade efficiency can be improved.
P&I Clubs Law and Practice 4th edition is a detailed but
easy-to-follow account of the constitution, workings and daily
practice of mutual and indemnity clubs. Designed to be a practical
reference source for anyone who is in any way involved with mutual
insurance, it offers comprehensive guidance on the complex area of
P&I Clubs. Product Description The new 4th edition has been
fully revised and updated since the last edition was written in
1999. New areas emphasised in the 4th edition include: Piracy
Charterers liability insurance Defence Cover Disputes concerning
the Inter-Club Agreement Enforceability of arbitration agreements
in the Clubs Rules. The Clubs obligation to, (i) make direct
payments under certificates, (ii) pay death/personal injury claims
in the event of a Members insolvency, and (iii) responsibility for
indivisible personal injury claims. It also covers recent major
legislative and related developments such as (i) the entry into
force of the Bunker Con
This report reflects the changes in the South Asia Subregional
Economic Cooperation (SASEC) Program's operational plan for the
period 2016-2025, in particular on priority projects resulting from
a rigorous vetting process. This involves defining SASEC transport
and energy networks and identifying priority projects based on
preparedness and their roles in filling network gaps. The result is
a more reasonable estimate of funding needs to help meet the SASEC
Program's goals of multimodal connectivity, energy market
development, and increased intraregional and interregional trade.
This book identifies and examines the legal challenges facing the
shipping industry and ship management today. It first addresses
flag state rules and private international law as organisational
tools of the shipowner for establishing the applicable legal
framework in an age of increasing regulatory activity and
extraterritorial effect of legislation. It then focuses on
sustainability requirements and the liability of shipping companies
managing supply chains and ships as waste. The third section
considers challenges stemming from times of financial crisis and
deals with the cross-border impact of shipping insolvencies, the
UNCITRAL Model Law, and the approaches of different jurisdictions.
Finally, the fourth section concerns digitalisation and automation,
including delivery on the basis of digital release codes, bills of
lading based on blockchain technology, the use of web portals and
data sharing, and particular aspects of the law relating to
autonomous ships, notably in marine insurance and carriage of
goods. The book will be a useful resource for academics and
practising lawyers working in shipping and maritime law.
This collection of essays critically evaluates the legal framework
necessary for the use of autonomous ships in international waters.
The work is divided into three parts: Part 1 evaluates how far
national shipping regulation, and the public international law
background that lies behind it, may need modification and updating
to accommodate the use of autonomous ships on international
voyages. Part 2 deals with private law and insurance issues such as
collision and pollution liability, salvage, limitation of liability
and allocation of risk between carrier and cargo interests. Part 3
analyses international convention regimes dealing with maritime
safety and other matters, arguing for specific changes in the
existing conventions such as SOLAS and MARPOL, which would provide
the international framework that is necessary for putting
autonomous ships into commercial use. The book also takes the view
that amendment of international conventions is important in the
case of liability issues, arguing that leaving such matters to
national law, particularly issues concerning product liability,
could not only restrict or hinder the availability of liability
insurance but also hamper the development of technology in this
field. Written by internationally-known experts in their respective
areas, the book offers a holistic approach to the debate on
autonomous ships and makes a timely and important contribution to
the literature.
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