Reading Comprehension: Assisting Children with Learning Difficulties examines the complex nature of reading comprehension. It introduces a model for classifying reading comprehension based on an expanded Simple View of Reading. Issues related to assessment, diagnosis, and remediation of reading comprehension difficulties are discussed and translated into clear recommendations to inform reading intervention design and practice. It gives an informed understanding as to why reading comprehension is difficult for some children with learning disabilities such as ADHD, autism, language difficulties and dyslexia. From leading literacy research, the book develops a deeper understanding of thinking processes that facilitate comprehension at the word, discourse, and metacognitive levels. Children will benefit from the introduction of evidence-based methods for teaching reading comprehension using structured multiple-strategy frameworks.

Educators and researchers in variety of locations around the world increasingly encounter linguistically and socio-culturally diverse groups of students in their classrooms and lecture halls. The chapters in this edited collection explore how students, teachers and researchers understand and engage with this diversity by examining everyday forms of talk and writing in relation to standardised forms and schooling expectations. It brings to our attention sets of sites and themes from around the world concerned with developing critical responses to the challenges and opportunities provided by social and linguistic diversity in education. Such diversity requires more dynamic and mobile concepts of language and literacy than has often been the case in educational discourse and the chapters show how these might work, making the book's contribution to the field both timely and challenging.

The Routledge Handbook of Literacy Studies offers a comprehensive view of the field of language and literacy studies. With forty-three chapters reflecting new research from leading scholars in the field, the Handbook pushes at the boundaries of existing fields and combines with related fields and disciplines to develop a lens on contemporary scholarship and emergent fields of inquiry. The Handbook is divided into eight sections: * The foundations of literacy studies * Space-focused approaches * Time-focused approaches * Multimodal approaches * Digital approaches * Hermeneutic approaches * Making meaning from the everyday * Co-constructing literacies with communities. This is the first handbook of literacy studies to recognise new trends and evolving trajectories together with a focus on radical epistemologies of literacy. The Routledge Handbook of Literacy Studies is an essential reference for undergraduate and postgraduate students and those researching and working in the areas of applied linguistics and language and literacy.

In this book we outline an optimistic, aspirational and unashamedly ambitious agenda for schooling. We make cautious use of the concept of 'future proofing' to signal the commitment of the various authors to re-thinking the purposes, content and processes of schooling with a view to ensuring that all children, from all backgrounds are prepared by their education to make a positive contribution to the futures that are ahead of them. The book focuses on issues relating to technology and social justice to re-examine the traditional relationship between schools and technology, between schools and diverse learners, and between schools, children and knowledge. Drawing from examples from around the world, the book explores practical ways that diverse schools have worked to celebrate diverse understandings of what it means to be a learner, a citizen, a worker in these changed and changing times and the ways different technologies can support this agenda.

In considering the ways in which current theories of language in use and communicative processes are applied to the analysis, interpretation and definition of literary texts, this book sets an agenda for the future of pragmatic literary stylistics and provides a foundation for future research and debate.

This book provides a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on writing and publishing scientific research papers and the social contexts. It deals with both English and non-Anglophone science writers, and presents a global perspective and an international focus. The book collects and synthesizes research from a range of disciplines, including applied linguistics, the sociology of science, sociolinguistics, bibliometrics, composition studies, and science education. This multidisciplinary approach helps the reader gain a solid understanding of the subject. Divided into three parts, the book considers the context of scientific papers, the text itself, and the people involved. It explains how the typical sections of scientific papers are structured. Standard English scientific writing style is also compared with science papers written in other languages. The book discusses the strengths and challenges faced by people with different degrees of science writing expertise and the role of journal editors and reviewers.

The chapters in this international collection investigate a wide range of theorizations of rurality and literacy; literate practices and pedagogies; questions of place, space, and sustainability; and representations of rurality that challenge simplistic conceptions of standardized literacy and the real-and-imagined world beyond the metropolis.

This book is dedicated to Anna Siewierska, who died, far too young, in 2011. It contains 15 contributions by 20 linguists who may be counted among the foremost scholars in the field of linguistic typology. All of these articles discuss a topic that is prominent in Anna's work, whose journal articles and monographs on the passive, on word order, and on the category of person are standard literature in these respective fields. Mindful of Anna's last monograph, Person, the majority of the contributions in this volume discuss free and bound person forms, argument indexing, reference tracking systems, impersonals, and related issues, such as suppletion and incompleteness in person paradigms, the origin of referential systems, dependent versus independent marking, and referential hierarchies. Other topics are grammatical alignment, grammatical voice, ditransitives, and word order. Most of the contributions take a broad, typological perspective. Others give a more in depth treatment, based on data from a specific language, notably Spanish, Russian, Mandinka, and Mohawk. The book contains a complete bibliography of Anna Siewierska's linguistic production.

A Poetry Pedagogy for Teachers generates imaginative encounters with poetry and invites educators to practice a range of poetry exercises in order to inform instructional approaches to reading and writing. Guided by pedagogical principles prompted by their readings of Wallace Stevens' "Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird," Maya Pindyck and Ruth Vinz provide critical discussion of prominent literacy practices in secondary classrooms and offer alternative approaches to encountering a text. They do this by way of experimental readings of Wallace Stevens' poem toward a set of thirteen pedagogical principles that anchor a pedagogy of poetic practices. The book also offers invitational exercises, the authors' own engagements with poetry practices, as well as student examples, visual modes of theorizing, and a gathering of relevant resources compiled by two classroom teachers. This is a book for secondary English teachers, teaching artists, English educators, college writing professors, readers and writers of poetry - both existing and aspirational - and any educator interested in poetry's capacities to pedagogically inform their subject matter and/or literacy practices.

This book offers an alternative view to current postmodern approaches to composition. It takes a critical realist stance to arrive at the "essence" of written communication with the aim of informing a practical application: a computerised writing tutor. Following Robert Franck's seminal work on modelling, a theoretical model of writing was first formulated, consisting of an architecture of functions which constitute the prerequisites for effective communication. Next, an applied model - a composing algorithm with an input option - was developed, showing composing to be a systemic social process with intra- and extra-systemic variation. The algorithm provided the design template for a writing tutor program which models for the learner both the systemic and the socially situated nature of writing. This book establishes composing as a communicative interaction, and shows the essential dynamism of writing, while offering an exemplar of a systems approach to modelling in the social sciences.

Literacy and the Bilingual Learner explores the literacy development of bilingual learners in London (UK) schools and colleges through a series of vignettes and case studies of learners and their educational experiences.

Computers, now the writer's tool of choice, are still blamed by skeptics for a variety of ills, from speeding writing up to the point of recklessness, to complicating or trivializing the writing process, to destroying the English language itself. A Better Pencil puts our complex, still-evolving hate-love relationship with computers and the internet into perspective, describing how the digital revolution influences our reading and writing practices, and how the latest technologies differ from what came before. The book explores our use of computers as writing tools in light of the history of communication technology, a history of how we love, fear, and actually use our writing technologies-not just computers, but also typewriters, pencils, and clay tablets. Dennis Baron shows that virtually all writing implements-and even writing itself-were greeted at first with anxiety and outrage: the printing press disrupted the "almost spiritual connection" between the writer and the page; the typewriter was "impersonal and noisy" and would "destroy the art of handwriting." Both pencils and computers were created for tasks that had nothing to do with writing. Pencils, crafted by woodworkers for marking up their boards, were quickly repurposed by writers and artists. The computer crunched numbers, not words, until writers saw it as the next writing machine. Baron also explores the new genres that the computer has launched: email, the instant message, the web page, the blog, social-networking pages like MySpace and Facebook, and communally-generated texts like Wikipedia and the Urban Dictionary, not to mention YouTube. Here then is a fascinating history of our tangled dealings with a wide range of writing instruments, from ancient papyrus to the modern laptop. With dozens of illustrations and many colorful anecdotes, the book will enthrall anyone interested in language, literacy, or writing.

This book examines how asbestos activists living in remote rural villages in South Africa activated metropolitan resources of representation at the grassroots level in a quest for justice and restitution for the catastrophic effects on their lives caused by the asbestos industry. It follows the Asbestos Interest Group (AIG) over a fifteen-year period through its involvement in grassroots research, in legal cases and in the compensation systems for asbestos-related disease. It examines how the AIG became grassroots technicians of translocal paperwork, moving texts back and forth between periphery and center, pushing documents through the textual mazeways of the courts, medical institutions, the compensation system and various government agencies. The book addresses rhetorical mobility and the extent to which, given the AIG's position on the periphery, it has been able to enter the voices and interests of villagers into formerly inaccessible forums of deliberation and decision-making.

Academics Writing recounts how academic writing is changing in the contemporary university, transforming what it means to be an academic and how, as a society, we produce academic knowledge. Writing practices are changing as the academic profession itself is reconfigured through new forms of governance and accountability, increasing use of digital resources, and the internationalisation of higher education. Through detailed studies of writing in the daily life of academics in different disciplines and in different institutions, this book explores: the space and time of academic writing; tensions between disciplines and institutions around genres of writing; the diversity of stances adopted towards the tools and technologies of writing, and towards engagement with social media; and the importance of relationships and collaboration with others, in writing and in ongoing learning in a context of constant change. Drawing out implications of the work for academics, university management, professional training, and policy, Academics Writing: The Dynamics of Knowledge Creation is key reading for anyone studying or researching writing, academic support, and development within education and applied linguistics.

This volume addresses the broad theme and specific topics associated with current thinking in the field of language testing and assessment. The volume offers *multiple perspectives on the 'what' (the 'trait') of languages, and the 'how' ('the method') of assessment *multiple approaches developed for assessment especially given the multiplicity of languages used by many diverse groups of learners in many different contexts *focus on the societal roles of language testers, their responsibility to be socially accountable and to ensure ethicality and professionalism *focus on language testing in multilingual and diverse contexts This is one of ten volumes of the Encyclopedia of Language and Education published by Springer. The Encyclopedia bears testimony to the dynamism and evolution of the language and education field, as it confronts the ever-burgeoning and irrepressible linguistic diversity and ongoing pressures and expectations placed on education around the world.

This volume, Research Methods in Language, offers an overview of the wide range of methodological approaches to language and education across the axes of micro and macro-linguistic and social levels of analysis, as well as the multiple connections between them. The four sections each offer *Several reviews of different broad areas or subfields *Articles with a more narrow focus or demonstrating the application of an approach *International scope *Diversity of scholarly perspectives The resultant breadth and depth of theoretical and methodological research perspective makes this a unique and highly valuable resource. This is one of ten volumes of the Encyclopedia of Language and Education published by Springer. The Encyclopedia bears testimony to the dynamism and evolution of the language and education field, as it confronts the ever-burgeoning and irrepressible linguistic diversity and ongoing pressures and expectations placed on education around the world.

This volume, Research Methods in Language, offers an overview of the wide range of methodological approaches to language and education across the axes of micro and macro-linguistic and social levels of analysis, as well as the multiple connections between them. The four sections each offer *Several reviews of different broad areas or subfields *Articles with a more narrow focus or demonstrating the application of an approach *International scope *Diversity of scholarly perspectives The resultant breadth and depth of theoretical and methodological research perspective makes this a unique and highly valuable resource. This is one of ten volumes of the Encyclopedia of Language and Education published by Springer. The Encyclopedia bears testimony to the dynamism and evolution of the language and education field, as it confronts the ever-burgeoning and irrepressible linguistic diversity and ongoing pressures and expectations placed on education around the world.

This volume addresses bilingual education, the use of two (or more) languages of instruction in education. Although bilingual education is available in some form in most countries, it is frequently the subject of political debate, especially where a bilingual program is set up to serve migrant populations. The volume offers * a thorough analysis of a range of conceptual issues in bilingual education. * discussion of research in the field since the 1920s and the conclusions that can be drawn from it. * chapters on illustrative bilingual education programs and policies from around the globe. This is one of ten volumes of the Encyclopedia of Language and Education published by Springer. The Encyclopedia bears testimony to the dynamism and evolution of the language and education field, as it confronts the ever-burgeoning and irrepressible linguistic diversity and ongoing pressures and expectations placed on education around the world.

Listening to the voices of learners as they write an essay or try to cope with unfamiliar words in a text is a luxury often reserved for researchers. This book observes individuals performing similar tasks in their first and their foreign language and invites readers with an interest in foreign language acquisition to follow the same learners in their efforts to cope in both languages.

In this latest work, Selfe and Hawisher explore the complexly rendered relationship between computer gaming environments and literacy development by focusing on the stories of computer gamers in the United States at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Using the words and observations of individual gamers, this book offers historical and cultural analyses of literacy development, practices, and values.

This volume presents the state of the art in terms of stylistic research and application, including EFL and ESL language classroom situations. Some of the most prominent scholars from a variety of backgrounds in the field of pedagogical stylistics show how theory, empirical studies and new technology, including corpus analysis, can be integrated into the classroom.

This book questions the book itself, archivization, machines for writing, and the mechanicity inherent in language, the media, and intellectuals. Derrida questions what takes place between the paper and the machine inscribing it. He examines what becomes of the archive when the world of paper is subsumed in new machines for virtualization, and whether there can be a virtual event or a virtual archive. Derrida continues his long-standing investigation of these issues, and ties them into the new themes that governed his teaching and thinking in the past few years: the secret, pardon, perjury, state sovereignty, hospitality, the university, animal rights, capital punishment, the question of what sort of mediatized world is replacing the print epoch, and the question of the "wholly other." Derrida is remarkable at making seemingly occasional pieces into part of a complexly interconnected trajectory of thought.