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Books > Medicine > General issues > Medical equipment & techniques
How should we proceed with advanced research of humanities and
social sciences in collaboration? What are the pressing issues of
this new trend in a cataclysmic time for civilization? This book,
originated with a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
Topic-Setting Program, addresses these challenging questions in
four parts for innovating twenty-first-century humanities and
social sciences. It broadens the horizon for reviewing
multi-disciplinary landscapes of risks and regulation of new
technologies by focusing on paradigmatic cases from the fields of
life and environment. Here, genome editing for reproductive
treatment and renewable energy under the constraint of climate
change in Japanese and global contexts are involved. The volume
comprises a combination of topics and aspects such as public policy
and philosophy of science, medicine and law, climate ethics, and
the economics of electricity. This edited collection will thus
motivate forward-thinking readers across the diverse spectrum of
social sciences and humanities to survey themes of their own
interests in multi-disciplinary studies. In so doing, they can
explore the evolving frontiers of those disciplines and the depths
of individual contributions by experts in philosophy, ethics, law,
economics, and science, technology, and society (STS), including
bioscience.
Innovation in Clinical Trial Methodologies: Lessons Learned during
the Corona Pandemic presents a selection of updated chapters from
Re-Engineering Clinical Trials that feature innovative options and
methods in clinical trials. The Coronavirus pandemic is an
accelerator for digitalization in many industries, including
clinical trials. This book considers best practices, alternative
study concepts requiring fewer patients, studies with less patient
interaction, the design of "virtualized" protocols, and moving from
data to decisions. This book will be helpful to pharmacologists,
physicians and clinical researchers involved in the process of
clinical development and clinical trial design.
This book is the first overview on Deep Learning (DL) for
biomedical data analysis. It surveys the most recent techniques and
approaches in this field, with both a broad coverage and enough
depth to be of practical use to working professionals. This book
offers enough fundamental and technical information on these
techniques, approaches and the related problems without
overcrowding the reader's head. It presents the results of the
latest investigations in the field of DL for biomedical data
analysis. The techniques and approaches presented in this book deal
with the most important and/or the newest topics encountered in
this field. They combine fundamental theory of Artificial
Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) and DL with practical
applications in Biology and Medicine. Certainly, the list of topics
covered in this book is not exhaustive but these topics will shed
light on the implications of the presented techniques and
approaches on other topics in biomedical data analysis. The book
finds a balance between theoretical and practical coverage of a
wide range of issues in the field of biomedical data analysis,
thanks to DL. The few published books on DL for biomedical data
analysis either focus on specific topics or lack technical depth.
The chapters presented in this book were selected for quality and
relevance. The book also presents experiments that provide
qualitative and quantitative overviews in the field of biomedical
data analysis. The reader will require some familiarity with AI, ML
and DL and will learn about techniques and approaches that deal
with the most important and/or the newest topics encountered in the
field of DL for biomedical data analysis. He/she will discover both
the fundamentals behind DL techniques and approaches, and their
applications on biomedical data. This book can also serve as a
reference book for graduate courses in Bioinformatics, AI, ML and
DL. The book aims not only at professional researchers and
practitioners but also graduate students, senior undergraduate
students and young researchers. This book will certainly show the
way to new techniques and approaches to make new discoveries.
The healthcare industry is starting to adopt digital twins to
improve personalized medicine, healthcare organization performance,
and new medicine and devices. These digital twins can create useful
models based on information from wearable devices, omics, and
patient records to connect the dots across processes that span
patients, doctors, and healthcare organizations as well as drug and
device manufacturers. Digital twins are digital representations of
human physiology built on computer models. The use of digital twins
in healthcare is revolutionizing clinical processes and hospital
management by enhancing medical care with digital tracking and
advancing modelling of the human body. These tools are of great
help to researchers in studying diseases, new drugs, and medical
devices. Digital Twins and Healthcare: Trends, Techniques, and
Challenges facilitates the advancement and knowledge dissemination
in methodologies and applications of digital twins in the
healthcare and medicine fields. This book raises interest and
awareness of the uses of digital twins in healthcare in the
research community. Covering topics such as deep neural network,
edge computing, and transfer learning method, this premier
reference source is an essential resource for hospital
administrators, pharmacists, medical professionals, IT consultants,
students and educators of higher education, librarians, and
researchers.
This book comprehensively summarizes the biology, etiology, and
pathology of ovarian cancer and explores the role of deep molecular
and cellular profiling in the advancement of precision medicine.
The initial chapter discusses our current understanding of the
origin, development, progression and tumorigenesis of ovarian
cancer. In turn, the book highlights the development of resistance,
disease occurrence, and poor prognosis that are the hallmarks of
ovarian cancer. The book then reviews the role of deep molecular
and cellular profiling to overcome challenges that are associated
with the treatment of ovarian cancer. It explores the use of
genome-wide association analysis to identify genetic variants for
the evaluation of ovarian carcinoma risk and prognostic prediction.
Lastly, it highlights various diagnostic and prognostic ovarian
cancer biomarkers for the development of molecular-targeted
therapy.
This open access book focuses on the discrepancies in biobank
research regulations that are among the most significant hurdles to
effective research collaboration. The General Data Protection
Regulation (GDPR) has established stringent requirements for the
processing of health and genetic data, while simultaneously
allowing considerable multi-level exceptions for the purposes of
scientific research. In addition to directly applicable exceptions,
the GDPR places the regulatory responsibility for further defining
how the Member States strike a balance between the individuals'
rights and the public interest in research within their national
legal orders. Since Member States' approaches to the trade-off
between data subjects' rights on the one hand, and appropriate
safeguards on the other, differ according to their ethical and
legal traditions, their data protection requirements for research
also differ considerably. This study takes a comprehensive approach
to determine how the GDPR affects regulatory regimes on the use of
personal data in biobanking research, with a particular focus on
the balance between individuals' rights, public interest and
scientific research. In this regard, it has two main goals: first,
to scrutinize the GDPR research regime, its objective and
constitutive elements, the impact it has on biobanking, and its
role in a changing EU landscape post-Brexit; and second, to examine
how various exceptions have been operationalized nationally, and
what challenges and opportunities this diversification entails. The
book not only captures the complexity GDPR creates for biobanking,
but also sheds light on various approaches to tackling the
corresponding challenges. It offers the first comprehensive
analysis of GDPR for biobanking, and the most up-to-date overview
of the national biobank regulatory frameworks in Europe.
Research on assistive technologies is undergoing many developments
in its effectiveness in helping those with varying impairments. New
technologies are constantly being created, researched, and
implemented for those who need these technological aides in daily
life. Assistive Technologies for Physical and Cognitive
Disabilities combines worldwide cases on people with physical and
cognitive disabilities with the latest applications in assistive
technologies. This reference work brings different researchers
together under one title to discuss current findings, developments,
and ongoing research in the area of rehabilitative technology. This
reference book is of critical use to professionals, researchers,
healthcare practitioners, caretakers, academicians, and students.
Nanotechnology for Oral Drug Delivery: From Concept to Applications
discusses the current challenges of oral drug delivery, broadly
revising the different physicochemical barriers faced by
nanotechnolgy-based oral drug delivery systems, and highlighting
the challenges of improving intestinal permeability and drug
absorption. Oral delivery is the most widely used form of drug
administration due to ease of ingestion, cost effectiveness, and
versatility, by allowing for the accommodation of different types
of drugs, having the highest patient compliance. In this book, a
comprehensive overview of the most promising and up-to-date
engineered and surface functionalized drug carrier systems, as well
as opportunities for the development of novel and robust delivery
platforms for oral drug administration are discussed. The relevance
of controlling the physicochemical properties of the developed
particle formulations, from size and shape to drug release profile
are broadly reviewed. Advances in both in vitro and in vivo
scenarios are discussed, focusing on the possibilities to study the
biological-material interface. The industrial perspective on the
production of nanotechnology-based oral drug delivery systems is
also covered. Nanotechnology for Oral Drug Delivery: From Concept
to Applications is essential reading for researchers, professors,
advanced students and industry professionals working in the
development, manufacturing and/or commercialization of
nanotechnology-based systems for oral drug delivery, targeted drug
delivery, controlled drug release, materials science and
biomaterials, in vitro and in vivo testing of potential oral drug
delivery technologies.
The book Heat Shock Proteins in Inflammatory Diseases provides the
most comprehensive highlight and insight of the expression,
function and therapeutic activity of Heat Shock Proteins in
inflammatory diseases including sepsis, psoriasis,
neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, viral infection and autoimmune
rheumatic diseases. Using an integrative approach, the contributors
provide a synopsis of the most current updates on the state of HSP
in inflammatory diseases. Key basic and clinical research
laboratories from major universities, academic medical hospitals,
biotechnology and pharmaceutical laboratories around the world have
contributed chapters that review present research activity and
importantly project the field into the future. The book is a must
read for graduate students. medical students, basic science
researchers and postdoctoral scholars in the fields of Cancer
Biology, Oncology, Translational Medicine, Clinical Research,
Biotechnology, Cell & Molecular Medicine, Pharmaceutical
Scientists and Researchers involved in Drug Discovery.
This book introduces a variety of advanced machine learning
approaches covering the areas of neural networks, fuzzy logic, and
hybrid intelligent systems for the determination and diagnosis of
cancer. Moreover, the tactical solutions of machine learning have
proved its vast range of significance and, provided novel solutions
in the medical field for the diagnosis of disease. This book also
explores the distinct deep learning approaches that are capable of
yielding more accurate outcomes for the diagnosis of cancer. In
addition to providing an overview of the emerging machine and deep
learning approaches, it also enlightens an insight on how to
evaluate the efficiency and appropriateness of such techniques and
analysis of cancer data used in the cancer diagnosis. Therefore,
this book focuses on the recent advancements in the machine
learning and deep learning approaches used in the diagnosis of
different types of cancer along with their research challenges and
future directions for the targeted audience including scientists,
experts, Ph.D. students, postdocs, and anyone interested in the
subjects discussed.
The papers in this proceeding discuss current and future trends in
wearable communications and personal health management through the
use of wireless body area networks (WBAN). The authors posit new
technologies that can provide trustworthy communications mechanisms
from the user to medical health databases. The authors discuss not
only on-body devices, but also technologies providing information
in-body. Also discussed are dependable communications combined with
accurate localization and behavior analysis, which will benefit
WBAN technology and make the healthcare processes more effective.
The papers were presented at the 13th EAI International Conference
on Body Area Networks (BODYNETS 2018), Oulu, Finland, 02-03 October
2018.
Integrated Science: Science without Borders" is the first volume of
the INTEGRATED SCIENCE Book series, aiming to publish the results
of the most updated ideas and reviews in transdisciplinary fields
and to highlight the integration of discrete disciplines, including
formal sciences, physical-chemical sciences and engineering,
biological sciences, medical sciences, and social sciences. This
volume primarily focuses on the research involving the integration
of two or more academic fields offering an innovative, borderless
view, which is one of the main focuses of the Universal Scientific
Education and Research Network (USERN). The whole world is
suffering from complex problems; these are borderless problems;
thus, a borderless solution could merely solve such complex issues.
Transdisciplinarity is a domain, that researchers work jointly,
using a shared conceptual framework, drawing together
disciplinary-specific theories, concepts, and approaches to address
common problems. Lack of confidence, lack of expertise,
complexities of healthcare, the confusing nature of healthcare
environments, and lack of organization and standardization are the
obstacles of successful scientific communication. Consequently,
this book provides an overview of the essential elements of
transdisciplinary studies and integrated science. The unique aspect
of this book -privileging it from other books- is covering all
aspects of science as harmonies of a single symphony.
Medicine has, until recently, been slow to adapt to information
technologies and systems for many reasons, but the future lies
therein. Innovations in Data Methodologies and Computational
Algorithms for Medical Applications offers the most cutting-edge
research in the field, offering insights into case studies and
methodologies from around the world. The text details the latest
developments and will serve as a vital resource to practitioners
and academics alike in the burgeoning field of medical applications
of technologies. As security and privacy improve, Electronic Health
Records and informatics in the medical field are becoming
ubiquitous, and staying abreast of the latest information can be
difficult. This volume serves as a reference handbook and
theoretical framework for the future of the field.
The Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing (PSB) 2015 is an
international, multidisciplinary conference for the presentation
and discussion of current research in the theory and application of
computational methods in problems of biological significance.
Presentations are rigorously peer reviewed and are published in an
archival proceedings volume. PSB 2015 will be held from January 4 -
8, 2015 in Kohala Coast, Hawaii. Tutorials and workshops will be
offered prior to the start of the conference.PSB 2015 will bring
together top researchers from the US, the Asian Pacific nations,
and around the world to exchange research results and address open
issues in all aspects of computational biology. It is a forum for
the presentation of work in databases, algorithms, interfaces,
visualization, modeling, and other computational methods, as
applied to biological problems, with emphasis on applications in
data-rich areas of molecular biology.The PSB has been designed to
be responsive to the need for critical mass in sub-disciplines
within biocomputing. For that reason, it is the only meeting whose
sessions are defined dynamically each year in response to specific
proposals. PSB sessions are organized by leaders of research in
biocomputing's "hot topics." In this way, the meeting provides an
early forum for serious examination of emerging methods and
approaches in this rapidly changing field.
Mycotoxins are the metabolites of fungus and are reported to
contaminate nearly 25% of the food produced worldwide. The
mycotoxins of most significance are the aflatoxins due to their
severe health implications and their prevalence in food commodities
on a larger scale. Aflatoxins are produced by certain species of
fungi the most prominent among which are Aspergillus flavus, A.
parasiticus and A. nominous. Food commodities of African and South
Asian countries are especially reported to have aflatoxins well
beyond the allowable limits but due to the global trade of food
commodities developed countries are also prone towards the perils
of aflatoxins. Moreover, climate changes may have a substantial
impact on the distribution and global prevalence of aflatoxins in
the near future. The International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC) has classified the aflatoxins as group 1 category
carcinogen. Aflatoxins are also reported as teratogenic, mutagenic,
growth retardant, immunosuppressant and may also cause nervous
system and reproductive system disorders. Preventive approaches
involving good manufacturing from "farm to fork" are the major
focus of the current food industry. The aim of our book is to
provide readers with the most recent data and up-to-date studies
from aflatoxins research, with specific focuses on (i) the impact
of aflatoxins on human health, (ii) new approaches by the
researchers from different parts of the world to degrade aflatoxins
and (iii) potential preventive approaches that can significantly
lessen the burden of aflatoxins in food products
During the COVID-19 pandemic, computational intelligence and
computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have supported the effective
treatment of the virus. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been
playing a significant role in the rapidly emerging healthcare
sector in terms of CAD, software algorithms, hardware
implementation, and applications in the medical field. Through
this, the constraints of the traditional system must be addressed
to innovate and shed light on emerging healthcare technologies.
Computational Intelligence and Applications for Pandemics and
Healthcare explores the state-of-the-art computational intelligence
approaches in medical data and classifies existing computational
techniques used in medical areas. It discusses the tactics and
methods as well as the limitations and performances of
computational intelligence applications for healthcare. The
constraints of traditional healthcare systems are addressed by
using CAD and computationally-intelligent medical data. Covering
topics such as cloud-based monitoring systems, detection and
diagnosis, and intelligent medical systems, this book is an
excellent resource for computer scientists, government officials,
medical students, medical professionals, hospitals, researchers,
and academicians.
Behavioral medicine emerged in the 1970s as the interdisciplinary
field concerned with the integration of behavioral, psychosocial,
and biomedical science knowledge relevant to the understanding of
health and illness, and the application of this knowledge to
prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Recent years
have witnessed an enormous diversification of behavioral medicine,
with new sciences (such as genetics, life course epidemiology) and
new technologies (such as neuroimaging) coming into play. This book
brings together such new developments by providing an up-to-date
compendium of methods and applications drawn from the broad range
of behavioral medicine research and practice. The book is divided
into 10 sections that address key fields in behavioral medicine.
Each section begins with one or two methodological or conceptual
chapters, followed by contributions that address substantive topics
within that field. Major health problems such as cardiovascular
disease, cancer, HIV/AIDs, and obesity are explored from multiple
perspectives. The aim is to present behavioral medicine as an
integrative discipline, involving diverse methodologies and
paradigms that converge on health and well being."
This edited book serves as a vital resource on the contributions of
microorganisms to advances in nanotechnology, establishing their
applications in diverse areas of biomedicine, environment,
biocatalysis, food and nutrition, and renewable energy. It
documents the impacts of microorganisms in nanotechnology leading
to further developments in microbial nanobiotechnology. This book
appeals to researchers and scholars of microbiology, biochemistry
and nanotechnology.
This book summarizes the latest research findings in the
neurocircuitry of innate behaviors, covering major topics such as
innate fear, aggression, feeding, reward, social interaction,
parental care, spatial navigation, and sleep-wake regulation. For
decades, humans have been fascinated by wild animals' instincts,
like the annual two-thousand-mile migration of the monarch
butterfly in North American, and the "imprint" behavior of newborn
birds. Since these instincts are always displayed in stereotypical
patterns in most individuals of a given species, the neural
circuits processing such behaviors must be genetically hard-wired
in the brain. Recently, with the development of modern techniques,
including optogenetics, retrograde and anterograde virus tracing,
and in vivo calcium imaging, researchers have been able to
determine and dissect the specific neural circuits for many innate
behaviors by selectively manipulating well-defined cell types in
the brain. This book discusses recent advances in the investigation
of the neural-circuit mechanisms underlying innate behaviors.
In 1997, Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) therapy (Cyberonics,
Houston, Texas) was approved by the United States Food and Drug
Administration for the treatment of epilepsy refractory to
antiepileptic medications. In 2005, VNS received FDA approval for
treatment-resistant depression refractory to antidepressants, and
Cyberonics recently received FDA approval for the clinical study of
VNS for rapid cycling bipolar depression. Many researchers continue
to investigate the anxiolytic effects of VNS in human and non-human
animal models. The author presents a study of VNS effects on
anxiety and the capacity of atropine methyl nitrate to attenuate
these effects. The results indicate that VNS decreases anxiety in
the laboratory animals tested. These findings provide evidence to
support the testing and subsequent use of VNS therapy for the
treatment of clinical anxiety in humans. Because many therapies
that are effective in the treatment of depression effectively treat
anxiety, VNS therapy should be effective and approvable for
clinical anxiety. This book can serve as a research tool, training
mechanism, or surgical guide to the implantation of the vagus nerve
stimulating electrode in the laboratory rat. Hopefully, this
resource provides information that facilitates FDA approval of VNS
for treatment-resistant anxiety, a chronic, devastating and often
debilitating illness.
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