Written by one of the foremost authorities in social cognition, Social Comprehension and Judgment examines how people process information encountered in their everyday lives. In the book, Dr. Wyer proposes a new theory about the way in which information acquired in everyday life is comprehended and represented in memory, and how it is later used as a basis for judgments and decisions. A major emphasis throughout is on the construction and use of narrative representations of knowledge and the way that visual images influence the comprehension of these narratives and the judgments based on them. The role of affective reactions in this cognitive activity is also discussed. Social Comprehension and Judgment is divided into three sections. Part I provides a conceptual overview by outlining the general theoretical framework focusing on assumptions about the storage and retrieval of information and reviews recent research on the impact of knowledge accessibility on judgments and decisions. Part II deals with the comprehension of information, and examines the role of these processes in impression formation, persuasion, and responses to humor. Part III describes the inferences that are based on information conveyed in social situations. This book is ideal for advanced students and researchers interested in the areas of social cognition or social information processing.

A focus on memory has come to prominence across a wide range of disciplines. History, literature, philosophy, anthropology, and cultural studies have placed memory at the heart of their interrogations of subjectivity, narrative, time and imagination. At the same time, memory has emerged as a central theme and preoccupation in popular literature, film and television, and the emergence of memory as an academic theme cannot be separated from its prominence in the wider culture. This volume represents, explores and interrogates the current developments, engaging directly with the place of memory in culture, and with memory's meaning's and history.

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Contents:
Katharine Hodgkin and Susannah Radstone Introduction: Contested Pasts
Part I: Transforming Pasts
1. Katharine Hodgkin and Susannah Radstone Introduction
2. Alessandro Portelli The Massacre at the Fosse Ardeatine: History, Myth, Ritual and Symbol
3. Anne Heimo and Ulla-Maija Peltonen Memories and Histories, Public and Private: After the Finnish Civil War
4. Graham Carr War, History and the Education of (Canadian) Memory
5. Marianne Hirsch and Leo Spitzer 'We Would Never Have Come Without You: Generations of Nostalgia
Part II: Remembering Suffering: Trauma and History
6. Katharine Hodgkin and Susannah Radstone Introduction
7. Janet Walker The Traumatic Paradox: Autobiographical Documentary and the Psychology of Memory
8. Carrie Hamilton Memories of Violence in Interviews with Basque Nationalist Women
9. Paula Hamilton Sale of the Century? Memory and Historical Consciousness in Australia
10. Christopher Colvin 'Brothers and Sisters, Do Not Be Afraid Of Me': Trauma, History and the Therapeutic Imagination in the New South Africa
Part III: Patterning the National Past
11. Katharine Hodgkin and Susannah Radstone Introduction
12. Rachel Hughes Nationalism and Memory at the Tuol Sleng Museum of Genocide Crimes, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
13. Maya Nadkarni The 'Death' of Socialism and the 'Afterlife' of its Monuments: Making and Marketing the Past in Budapest's Statue Park Museum
14. Robert Burgoyne From Contested to Consensual Memory: The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum
15. Chris Healy 'Dead Man': Film, Colonialism and Memory
Part IV: And Then Silence
16. Katharine Hodgkin and Susannah Radstone Introduction
17. Luisa Passerini Memories between Silence and Oblivion

In the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts present career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces - extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major practical theoretical contributions. The Selected Works of Professor Ray Bull include some of the most influential insights into the psychology of investigative interviewing. Whether it has been determining whether a suspect is lying or telling the truth, enabling children to provide reliable testimony, or understanding how the dynamics of the interview process itself can affect what is achieved, Professor Bull has been at the forefront in researching this fascinating area of applied psychology for over 40 years, his work informing practice internationally. An elected Honorary Fellow of the British Psychological Society and the first Honorary Life Member of the International Investigative Interviewing Research Group, Professor Bull also drafted parts of the government's Memorandum of Good Practice and of Achieving Best Evidence on Video Recorded Interviews with Child Witnesses for Criminal Proceedings. Including a specially written introduction in which Professor Bull reflects on a wide-ranging career and contextualises how the field has evolved, this collection will be a valuable resource for students and researchers of forensic psychology.

Early recollections is an approach that incisively captures the personality dynamics of individuals while remaining economical in terms of time efficiency. This volume reviews and organizes the extensive literature on early recollections since the first published article on the topic in 1893. Specific and detailed guidelines are presented for administering and interpreting early recollections and a contextual approach synthesizes perspectives from three vantage points: subjective, interpersonal, and objective. An extensive number of examples are included in the text along with a full-length case study.
Students and practitioners alike will benefit from gaining an awareness of an approach that will advance the counseling relationship, increase client understanding, and contribute to sound therapeutic planning and interventions.

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"Jackie Andrade's Working Memory in Perspective is a valuable academic exercise for the way in which it forces researchers to turn the microscope on themselves and question fundamental assumptions made in their scientific pursuits. Jackie Andrade should be commended for asking some very tough questions of her UK colleagues. - Andrew A. Conway, University of Illinois, in The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, Section A

' ... the book provides a clear, comprehensive and even-handed overview of the strengths and weaknesses of the influential Working Memory framework. Its appearance is timely ... ' - Gordon D.A. Brown, University of Warwick

'... any researchers hoping to be up to date in their knowledge about immediate memory, and the roles it plays in cognitive life, should read the whole of Andrade's Working Memory in Perspective.' - Michael J. Kane, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, in the European Journal of Cognitive Psychology

'This collection of original chapters is an excellent resource for people in the field of Working Memory. It provides a detailed, incisive and extremely up-to-date account of the current status of the theory of Working Memory' - John Richardson, Brunel University

Social Aspects of Memory presents a compelling study of how ordinary people remember war. Whilst the book focuses on the cities of Sarajevo and East Sarajevo during the 1992-1995 war in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Jeftic also presents narratives from other war-torn cities and countries around the world. This book adopts a unique approach, by looking at how perpetrators and victims (as well as new generations who may not remember the war directly) manage in the aftermath of war. Jeftic explores how our memories of war and violence are formed, and how we can learn to reconcile those memories, individually and as a collective. Drawing on the author's own extensive empirical research, the book explores the connections between memories for significant war events, transgenerational transmission of memories, bias for in-group wrongdoings and readiness for reconciliation between two groups. Giving a voice to underrepresented narratives and prioritising the importance of expression as a necessary catalyst for reconciliation, this book is essential reading for those interested in collective and transgenerational memory and memory studies, especially in relation to the aftermath of the 1992-1995 war in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Beginning in the 1990s, the contentious "memory wars" divided psychologists into two schools of thought: that adults' recovered memories of childhood abuse were generally true, or that they were generally not, calling theories, therapies, professional ethics, and survivor credibility into question. More recently, findings from cognitive psychology and neuroimaging as well as new theoretical constructs are bringing balance, if not reconciliation, to this polarizing debate. Based on presentations at the 2010 Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, True and False Recovered Memories: Toward a Reconciliation of the Debate assembles an expert panel of scholars, professors, and clinicians to update and expand research and knowledge about the complex interaction of cognitive, emotional, and motivational factors involved in remembering-and forgetting-severe childhood trauma. Contrasting viewpoints, elaborations on existing ideas, challenges to accepted models, and intriguing experimental data shed light on such issues as the intricacies of identity construction in memory, post-trauma brain development, and the role of suggestive therapeutic techniques in creating false memories. Taken together, these papers add significant new dimensions to a rapidly evolving field. Featured in the coverage: The cognitive neuroscience of true and false memories. Toward a cognitive-neurobiological model of motivated forgetting. The search for repressed memory. A theoretical framework for understanding recovered memory experiences. Cognitive underpinnings of recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse. Motivated forgetting and misremembering: perspectives from betrayal trauma theory. Clinical and cognitive psychologists on all sides of the debate will welcome True and False Recovered Memories as a trustworthy reference, an impartial guide to ongoing controversies, and a springboard for future inquiry.

Tip-of-the-Tongue experiences are one of those illusive oddities of human cognition. Like slips of the tongue, deeacute;jaagrave; vu, and visual illusions, TOTs dazzle us with their subjective strength, yet, at the same time, puzzle us with our frustrating inability to retrieve the desired word. This book discusses what little is known about TOTs and speculates about much of the rest of the riddle. Cognitive psychologists know a lot about processes but generally avoid issues of conscious experience and phenomenology. Because the larger goal of this book is to relate the TOT experience to the study of human phenomenology, it goes beyond the conventional cognitive psychology question, "What causes tip-of-the-tongue experiences?" to ask, "Why do we experience TOTs at all?"

Human reasoning is marked by an ability to remember one's personal past and to imagine one's future. Together these capacities rely on the notion of a temporally extended self or the self in time. Recent evidence suggests that it is during the preschool period that children first construct this form of self. By about four years of age, children can remember events from their pasts and reconstruct a personal narrative integrating these events. They know that past events in which they participated affect present circumstances. They can also imagine the future and make decisions designed to bring about desirable future events even in the face of competing immediate gratification. This book brings together the leading researchers on these issues and for the first time in literature, illustrates how a unified approach based on the idea of a temporally extended self can integrate these topics.

While it is commonly accepted that structures in the medial temporal lobe play a critical role in memory, current theories disagree on three fundamental issues: (a) the extent to which different regions within the medial temporal lobe can be functionally dissociated; (b) whether structures within the medial temporal lobe are specialised for memory processing or play an additional role in perception; and (c) whether there is support for functional homology across species. To address these controversial questions, this Special Issue brings together researchers working on memory and perception in the medial temporal lobe and asks whether there is evidence for similar functional dissociations across species. The papers reported here include lesion and early gene imaging in rats, electrophysiological and lesion studies in nonhuman primates, lesion and functional neuroimaging in human participants, as well as touching on computational modelling approaches. Pulling together these methodological diverse contributions, a final chapter highlights the main consistencies and discrepancies with respect the three issues under debate, as well as providing future directions for research in this area. The Special Issue highlights how a cross-disciplinary approach to neuroscientific research can yield powerful converging evidence and help resolve controversies that may seen to exist across methodologies and/or species.

Richard Semon was a German evolutionary biologist who wrote, during the first decade of the twentieth century, two fascinating analyses of the workings of human memory which were ahead of their time. Although these have been virtually unknown to modern researchers, Semon's work has been rediscovered during the past two decades and has begun to have an influence on the field. This book not only examines Semon's contribution to memory research, but also tells the story of an extraordinary life set against the background of a turbulent period in European history and major developments in science and evolutionary theory.
The resulting book is an engaging blend of biographical, historical and psychological material. Through the remarkable story of an almost forgotten German biologist, this fascinating book addresses not only key questions in memory research but also wide-ranging and substantive issues in the history and psychology of science.

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It is the reproduction of the old book published long back (1923)

This special issue of the International Journal of Psychology had its origins in the Quebec 98 Conference on Short-Term Memory, held in Quebec City, Canada, in June 1998. Following this conference, participants were invited to submit contributions based on, and expanding upon, their presentation at this conference. The enthusiastic response made it possible to collect the exciting selection of articles that you will find herein. It must be noted that because of the finite journal space available, the editors and reviewers were faced with the difficult problem of selecting only a limited number of the excellent articles that were submitted. The outcome of this process is this special issue, which we believe provides an up-to-date overview of current research on short-term/working memory, including the challenges, controversies, and recent theoretical advances in this field.

As one of the most hotly debated topics of the past decade, false memory has attracted the interest of researchers and practitioners in many of psychology's subdisciplines. Real-world issues surrounding the credibility of memories (particularly memories of traumatic events, such as sexual abuse) reported by both children and adults have been at the center of this debate. Were the adults actually retrieving repressed memories under the careful direction of psychotherapists, or were the memories being "created" by repeated suggestion? Were children telling investigators about events that actually happened, or were the interviewing techniques used to get at unpleasant experiences serving to implant memories that eventually became their own? There is evidence in the psychological research literature to support both sides, and the potential impact on individuals, families, and society as a whole has been profound.
This book is an attempt to cut through the undergrowth and get at the truth of the "recovered memory/false-memory creation" puzzle. The contributors review seminal work from their own research programs and provide theory and critical evaluation of existing research that is necessary to translate theory into practice. The book will be of great value to basic and applied memory researchers, clinical and social psychologists, and other professionals working within the helping and legal professions.

Contents:
Introduction Matthew Campbell, Jaqueline M. Labbe and Sally Shuttleworth
Part One. Memory: Cultural Constructions in Literature, Science and History
1. Romanticism and the re-engendering of historical memory Greg Kucich
2. Scott's The Heart of Midlothian and the disordered memory Catherine A. Jones
3. 'The malady of thought': embodied memory in Victorian psychology and the novel Sally Shuttleworth
4. The unquiet limit: old age and memory in Victorian narrative Helen Small
5. Memory through the looking glass: Ruskin versus Hardy Philip Davis
6. Twisting: memory from Eliot to Eliot Rick Rylance
Part Two: Writing and Remembering: Elegy, Memorial, Rhyme
7. Gender and memory in post-revolutionary women's writing Gary Kelly
8. Re-membering: memory, posterity, and the memorial poem Jacqueline M. Labbe
9. 'All that it had to say': Henry Adams and the Rock Creek memorial Duco van Oostrum
10. Memory enstructured - the case of memorial hall Clyde Binfield
11. Memorials of the Tennysons Matthew Campbell
12. Rhyming as resurrection Gillian Beer

The Handbook of Research Methods in Human Memory presents a collection of chapters on methodology used by researchers in investigating human memory. Understanding the basic cognitive function of human memory is critical in a wide variety of fields, such as clinical psychology, developmental psychology, education, neuroscience, and gerontology, and studying memory has become particularly urgent in recent years due to the prominence of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's. However, choosing the most appropriate method of research is a daunting task for most scholars. This book explores the methods that are currently available in various areas of human memory research and serves as a reference manual to help guide readers' own research. Each chapter is written by prominent researchers and features cutting-edge research on human memory and cognition, with topics ranging from basic memory processes to cognitive neuroscience to further applications. The focus here is not on the "what," but the "how"-how research is best conducted on human memory.

An explanation of the main models of memory and the various approaches used in its study. This is followed by a study of the theories of forgetting and practical applications of memory research.

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This volume explores the well-documented phenomena of memory distortion in a variety of settings, as well as how it can be ameliorated or prevented altogether. The editors have recruited some of the very best researchers in the applied cognitive field to address these issues. These authors examine distortion from several angles: fuzzy trace theory, face identification, memory deficits with age, collaborative influences on distortion, sociocultural influences on memory, retention of procedural and declarative information, and ignorance of medical and other information. The final chapter addresses the issue of cognitive technology, in general. Because of the surge of interest in applied cognitive psychology and in the memory distortion issue in particular, this book will be valuable to many applied and basic researchers.

Brain Development and School offers a range of practical classroom strategies to help pupils develop their executive function. Packed with useful tips that are grounded in theory, it examines how to support aspects of children's executive functioning that can affect their school life; including self-control, memory, metacognition, organisation, motivation, self-regulation and focus. Relevant for pupils in the primary and secondary school, the book focuses on ways of improving children's emotional and intellectual development. It includes: Discussion of what executive functioning is and the different factors that might affect a child's executive functioning Ways that executive functioning weaknesses show themselves in school Support strategies for teachers and advice for pupils to improve specific areas of executive functioning Manageable solutions and modifications that can be applied within the mainstream classroom A self-assessment questionnaire that can be used as a starting point for discussion with pupils This book will be beneficial to all teachers, school leaders and SENCOs looking to support their pupils by identifying and understanding the root causes of their behaviour. It recognises the important role that schools play in pupils' neurological development and suggests ways for schools to provide more personalised, differentiated support for individual pupils.

This work is a collection of theoretical statements from a broad range of memory researchers. Each chapter was derived from a presentation given at the 2nd International Conference on Memory, held at Abano Termi, Italy, 15th to 19th July 1996. The contributions cover imagery, implicit and explicit memory, encoding and retrieval processes, neuroimaging, age- related changes in memory, development of conceptual knowledge, spatial memory, the ecological approach to memory, processes mediating false memories, and cognitive models of memory.

Research on intentional forgetting has been conducted in various forms and under various names for at least 30 years, but until now no effort has been made to present these different perspectives in one place. Comprising both review chapters and new empirical studies, this book brings together the many research paradigms investigating intentional forgetting, thereby highlighting the commonalities that link these seemingly disparate areas of research. It serves as a "case study" of one phenomenon in memory--the intention to forget or to modify memory.
Why is research on intentional forgetting important? It helps to increase the understanding of how memory functions, especially with regard to its updating. In William James' "booming, buzzing confusion," we frequently are unable to adequately process all of the information that we experience; on-line forgetting of some information is necessary. Moreover, we must often replace existing information with new information, as when someone we know relocates and acquires a new address and telephone number. Investigating this updating ability has been the main thrust of research on intentional forgetting, specifically those studies on the directed forgetting phenomenon. Cognitive experiments on directed forgetting have shown that we are able to deal more effectively with large amounts of information by following instructions to treat some of the information as "to be forgotten." In this way, interference is reduced and we are able to devote all of our resources to the remaining to-be-remembered information. The mechanisms that lead to this reduction continue to promote new experiments, but over a quarter century of research maintains that the directed forgetting effect is robust.

In this volume, Jocelyn Small argues that literacy is a complex combination of various skills not just the ability to read and write: the technology of writing, the encoding and decoding of text symbols, the interpretation of meaning, the retrieval and display systems which organise how meaning is stored and memory.
Wax Tablets of the Mind explores the relationship between literacy, orality and memory in classical antiquity, not only from the point of view of antiquity, but also from that of modern cognitive psychology. Jocelyn Small examines the contemporary as well as the ancient debate about how the writing tools we possess interact and affect the product, why they should do so and how the tasks required of memory change and develop with literacy's increasing output and evoking technologies.


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When David Rubin's Autobiographical Memory came out in 1986, Choice called it "an important book that helps advanced students define a vibrant new approach to memory research". Since then, work on autobiographical memory has matured, and the timing is right for a new overview of the topic in the form of Remembering Our Past, which brings together chapters by leading scientists in the field. The recent move of research in cognitive psychology out of the laboratory makes autobiographical memory appealing, because naturalistic studies can be done while maintaining empirical rigor. Many practical problems fall into the category of autobiographical memory, such as eyewitness testimony, survey research, and clinical syndromes in which there are losses or distortions of memory. Thus, the scope of this book extends beyond psychology into law, medicine, sociology, and literature. Remembering Our Past presents innovative research chapters and general reviews that will appeal to graduate students and researchers in cognitive science and psychology.

In this volume, two scholars with different but complementary interests in memory and cognitive development present a careful overview of the field of memory development from the perspective of their theory of good strategy use. In addition to treating broad topics of general interest, such as knowledge, cognitive capacity, and metamemory, the text also examines controversial issues surrounding the development of children's memory--particularly eyewitness memory. The result is a coherent statement about memory development accompanied by commentary on the study of memory development, plus applications of the theory and research in the area.
This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as researchers and other professionals interested in child and adolescent memory.