What does it signify when a Shakespearean character forgets something or when Hamlet determines to 'wipe away all trivial fond records'? How might forgetting be an act to be performed, or be linked to forgiveness, such as when in The Winter's Tale Cleomenes encourages Leontes to 'forget your evil. / With them, forgive yourself'? And what do we as readers and audiences forget of Shakespeare's works and of the performances we watch? This is the first book devoted to a broad consideration of how Shakespeare explores the concept of forgetting and how forgetting functions in performance. A wide-ranging study of how Shakespeare dramatizes forgetting, it offers close readings of Shakespeare's plays, considering what Shakespeare forgot and what we forget about Shakespeare. The book touches on an equally broad range of forgetting theory from antiquity through to the present day, of forgetting in recent novels and films, and of creative ways of making sense of how our world constructs the cultural meaning of and anxiety about forgetting. Drawing on dozens of productions across the history of Shakespeare on stage and film, the book explores Shakespeare's dramaturgy, from characters who forget what they were about to say, to characters who leave the stage never to return, from real forgetting to performed forgetting, from the mad to the powerful, from playgoers to Shakespeare himself.

Forgetting is the most obvious feature of human memory, whether this is everyday forgetfulness, like leaving your keys at home, or more serious medical conditions, such as amnesia. Forgetting: Explaining Memory Failure uses the most up-to-date evidence available to examine the psychological processes behind these extremes and everything in between. It explores why we have so little recollection of our childhood lives, as well as why we may create false memories of events that never happened. In this book, Michael Eysenck & David Groome use cutting-edge research to examine one of the central issues in the study of memory: forgetting. It challenges assumptions about the processing of memory, offering insights into key debates, as well as providing readers with the critical skills to develop their own conclusions on the topic. With chapters from leading figures, this book also emphasises the positive aspects of forgetting, an important and often overlooked area in the field.

The workings of memory have fascinated scientists for hundreds of years, and in Memory: Fragments of a Modern History, Alison Winter shows that our understanding of them has changed dramatically in just the past century, with major consequences for science, medicine, and everyday life. Memories have been declared as reliable as sounds caught on tape, and they have been dismissed as inherently volatile. Researchers have tried to understand what we do when we remember by appealing to motion pictures, filing cabinets, and flashbulbs. Tracing the cultural and scientific history of such drastically opposed convictions, Winter introduces us to the innovative scientists, venturesome medical practitioners, determined police interrogators, and, in some cases, incorrigible sensation seekers who sought to master this mysterious power. Culminating in the climactic "memory wars" of the 1980s and '90s, the story she tells illuminates not only the practices of science and medicine, but also a subject that is absolutely essential to how we all live our daily lives.

Why we remember what we remember? Memory is an essential part of who we are. But what is a memory, and how do we remember? A new consensus is emerging among cognitive scientists: rather than possessing a particular memory from our past, we construct it anew each time we are called upon to remember. Remembering is an act of narrative as much as it is the product of a neurological process. "Pieces of Light" illuminates this theory through a collection of human stories, each illustrating a facet of memory's complex synergy of cognitive and neurological functions. Drawing on the latest research, case studies and personal experience, Charles Fernyhough delves into the memories of trauma victims and amnesiacs; and of the very young and very old - visiting medieval memoria and scent-museums along the way. Exquisitely written and meticulously researched, "Pieces of Light" blends science and literature, the ordinary and the extraordinary, to illuminate the way we remember and forget.

Using the highly influential working memory framework as a guide, this textbook provides a clear comparison of the memory development of typically developing children with that of atypical children. The emphasis on explaining methodology throughout the book gives students a real understanding about the way experiments are carried out and how to critically evaluate experimental research. The first half of the book describes the working memory model and goes on to consider working memory development in typically developing children. The second half of the book considers working memory development in several different types of atypical populations who have intellectual disabilities and/or developmental disorders. In addition, the book considers how having a developmental disorder and/or intellectual disabilities may have separate or combined effects on the development of working memory. The Development of Working Memory in Children is for undergraduate and postgraduate students taking courses in development/child psychology, cognitive development and developmental disorders.

This is the book for every teacher who has ever forgotten what someone just told him or whose students have ever forgotten to take their books and assignments home with them. Memory expert Marilee Sprenger uses the latest research on learning, memory, and the brain to weave a storyteller's spell for us with two parallel parables: one a tale of adult educators in a Memory 101 workshop, and the other a story for children with magical talking elephants, lions, and jungle creatures. Along the way, we acquire tips, strategies,mnemonics, graphic organizers, and checklists that help us to strengthen our memories train our brains, and help us help our students to do the same. Relax and enjoy this book: the experience will be memorable!

While there are many books on retrospective memory, or remembering past events, Prospective Memory: An Overview and Synthesis of an Emerging Field is the first authored text to provide a straightforward and integrated foundation to the scientific study of memory for actions to be performed in the future. Authors Mark A. McDaniel and Gilles O. Einstein present an accessible overview and synthesis of the theoretical and empirical work in this emerging field. Key Features: Focuses on students rather than researchers: While there are many edited works on prospective memory, this is the first authored text written in an accessible style geared toward students. Provides a general approach for the controlled, laboratory study of prospective memory: The authors place issues and research on prospective memory within the context of general contemporary themes in psychology, such as the issue of the degree to which human behavior is mediated by controlled versus automatic processes. Investigates the cognitive processes that underlie prospective remembering: Examples are provided of event-based, time-based, and activity-based prospective memory tasks while subjects are engaged in ongoing activities to parallel day-to-day life. Suggests fruitful directions for further advancement: In addition to integrating what is now a fairly loosely connected theoretical and empirical field, this book goes beyond current work to encourage new theoretical insights. Intended Audience: This relatively brief book is an excellent supplemental text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses such as Memory, Human Memory, and Learning & Memory in the departments of psychology and cognitive science.

Psychologists have been trying to understand the factors that underpin children's success and failure in different educational domains for many years. One psychological function that has been found to play an important role in educational achievement is 'working memory', the processes involved in the temporary maintenance and manipulation of information. This book provides the reader with an up-to-date review of the research that has identified how working memory relates to academic attainment in: reading, reading comprehension, arithmetic and writing, as well as looking at how children with difficulties relating to hearing impairment and attention deficits differ in terms of their working memory. Other chapters focus on how working memory is called upon in classroom settings, how working memory can be assessed, and approaches to remediation. The opening chapter of the book provides an account of working memory from the architect of the model that has dominated psychological theory for over two decades. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists, educationalists, and anyone seeking to understand more about the cognitive basis of educational achievement in children.
* It brings together in one volume information that would normally be found in different sources
* It brings together two disciplines that are highly relevant to one another (psychology and education) but not often linked directly
* Provides psychologists with a perspective on educational practice
* Provides educationalists with a well-established psychological framework for viewing educational phenomena
* It provides information about up-to-date research techniques
* It provides suggestions on how psychological theory can be translated into practice in educational settings

This easy-to-use guide provides an accessible workbook for reminiscence skills training. It includes: information on the history and definition of reminiscence work; the value of the reminiscence experience to older people and their carers as well as practical ideas and suggestions on how to use reminiscence in a beneficial and therapeutic way; how to set up, run and maintain group and individual reminiscence activities; training points and training activities for each section to enhance understanding by making links with the personal experience of the reader; and, emphasis on the role of reminiscence work in the social and emotional care of ethnic minority elders, people with dementia and older people who have been bereaved. This handbook will not only help to promote reminiscence work but also enhance everyday communication between carers and older people.

The scientific research literature on memory is enormous. Yet until now no single book has focused on the complex interrelationships of memory and belief. This book brings together eminent scholars from neuroscience, cognitive psychology, literature, and medicine to discuss such provocative issues as "false memories," in which people can develop vivid recollections of events that never happened; retrospective biases, in which memories of past experiences are influenced by one's current beliefs; and implicit memory, or the way in which nonconscious influences of past experience shape current beliefs.

Ranging from cognitive, neurological, and pathological perspectives on memory and belief, to relations between conscious and nonconscious mental processes, to memory and belief in autobiographical narratives, this book will be uniquely stimulating to scholars in several academic disciplines.

Bringing together theory from disparate fields, including behavioural gerontology, counselling and therapy, applied psychology and historiography, and drawing on research from the UK, the USA and Europe, this is a multi-faceted study of memory and the museum. It explores what Sheldon Annis referred to as the "dream space", the non-rational, affective and reflective experience of encountering material and ourselves within the museum and, for the purpose of this book, within the processes and procedures of making history in museums. It examines the theory of "dream space" in the context of the practical world of museums where so many of the issues of memory, the life span and their connections are brought into sharp focus. The book has four parts: the relationship of memory to history and the changing place of memory within historiographic and museological theory; the dynamics of memory and its employment in the construction of social knowledge of the past through the medium of exhibitions - in essence, memory as product; the experience of remembering in the museum or through access to museum collections -that is memory as process; and the interplay of product and pro

Reframing Berlin is about how architecture and the built environment can reveal the memory of a city, an urban memory, through its transformation and consistency over time by means of 'urban strategies', which have developed throughout history as cities have adjusted to numerous political, religious, economic and societal changes. These strategies are organised on a 'memory spectrum', which range from demolition to memorialisation. It reveals the complicated relationship between urban strategies and their influence on memory-making in the context of Berlin since 1895, with the help of film locations. It utilises cinematic representations of locations as an audio-visual archive to provide a deeper analysis of the issues brought up by strategies and case studies in relation to memory-making. Foreword by Kathleen James-Chakraborty A new volume in the Mediated Cities series from Intellect

"This is a fabulous collection of essays on memory in the real world. The leading scholars have been assembled to produce a volume that is intellectually rich, up-to-date, and truly important." - Elizabeth F. Loftus, Distinguished Professor, University of California, Irvine "An invaluable resource for anyone wishing to access the current state of knowledge of, or contemplating research into, the growing area of applied memory research. Its chapters are authored by leading international researchers who have been brought together to share their insights within its pages." - Graham Davies, Editor, Applied Cognitive Psychology The SAGE Handbook of Applied Memory is the first of its kind to focus specifically on this vibrant and progressive field. It offers a broad and comprehensive coverage of recent theoretical and empirical research advances in the psychology of memory as they apply to a range of applied issues, and offers advanced students and researchers the opportunity to survey the literature in the psychology of memory across a range of applied domains.

Arranged into four sections: Everyday Memory; Social and Individual Differences in Memory; Subjective Experience of Memory; and Eyewitness Memory, this handbook provides a comprehensive summary and evaluation of scientific memory research as well as theory in a broad range of applied topics including those in cognitive, forensic and experimental psychology.

Brought together by world-leading scholars from across the globe, The SAGE Handbook of Applied Memory will be of great interest to all advanced students and academics with an interest in all aspects of applied memory.

This is the first practical guide to research methods in memory studies. The 12 chapters provide students and researchers with clear descriptions of particular methods of research for: investigating community remembering and memory in personal narratives; exploring national memory and commemoration, and cultural memory and heritage; attending to disrupted memory; examining how memory is communicated in everyday life, and how it is manifested in emergent and resurgent ethnicities; focusing on the production of social memory in the media; and analysing the dynamics of remembering in public apologies, and in testimonies offered by Holocaust survivors. It provides expert appraisals of a range of techniques and approaches in memory studies. It focuses on methods and methodology as a way to help bring unity and coherence to this new field of study.

Not all memories are created equal. Our memories for some very exceptional events seem to stand out in our minds, and as such they may form the very core of who we are. Perhaps you have a vivid recollection of a fateful day, an unforgettable face, or a hilarious joke. This book summarizes theories and data that provide insight into these extraordinary memories for exceptional events. The book begins with a classification scheme for exceptional events, followed by a theoretical overview grounded in four metaphors of memory. The classification scheme and theoretical perspectives are used to explore topics including: flashbulb memories, the influence of emotion on memory, the bizarre imagery effect, the humor effect, the serial position effect, and the isolation effect. The conclusion provides a framework for understanding these outstanding memories for exceptional events.

The book examines how well we remember what we see. Research in human memory for visual material varies tremendously across the time scales, stimuli, and scenarios of interest. Because of these distinct pursuits, research in the field of 'visual memory' is in practice rather compartmentalized and as such is disseminated across a range of literatures. The Visual World in Memory pulls together this disparate field with a series of chapters, each written by a leading expert, that concisely present the state-of-the-science in all the areas of research. The result is a single source of information that bridges the divides that separate the field as a whole. Each chapter reviews and analyzes current theories and controversies regarding such issues as visual and spatial working memory, memory for visual features, conjunctions, objects, and locations, memory for faces, memory for real-world scenes, memory for visual events, the role of visual memory in motor planning and action, the relationship between visual memory, reference frames, and navigation, and visual imagery.

The rigorous discussion and analysis included in each chapter will appeal to established researchers and vision scientists whilst the breadth of the book will make it an ideal companion for students learning about memory.

The relationship between short-term and long-term memory systems is an issue of central concern to memory theorists. The association between temporary memory mechanisms and established knowledge bases is now regarded as critical to the development of theoretical and computational accounts of verbal short-term memory functioning. However, to date there is no single publication that provides dedicated and full coverage of current understanding of the association between short-term and long-term memory systems. Interactions between Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in the Verbal Domain is the first volume to comprehensively address this key issue. The book, focusing specifically on memory for verbal information, comprises chapters covering current theoretical approaches, together with the very latest experimental work, from leading researchers in the field. Chapters contributed to the book draw on both cognitive and neuropsychological research and reflect both conceptual and computational approaches to theorising. The contributing authors represent current research perspectives from both sides of the Atlantic. By addressing this important topic head-on, Interactions between Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in the Verbal Domain represents an invaluable resource for academics and students alike.

Contents:
Part 1. Foundations 1. Introduction and Core Philosophy Part 2. Experiments and Their Interpretation 2. Dynamic Memory and Evolving Memory is Shaped by Reciprocal Activation of Attention, Perception, Learning and Remembering 3. Perception and Memory - Related Oscillations in the Whole Brain 4. A Dynamic Casualty Controlling Brain's Resposiveness andMemory: Pretimulus EEG Activity 5. Multiple Oscillations in the Brain are Correlated with Integrative Functions and Memory 6. Are Integrative Brain Functions Shaped by Superbinding and Selectively Distributed Oscillations? 7. Grandmother Experiments in Perception and Memory. Recognition of Gestalts? Part 3. Memory Function 8. An EEG-related Model of 'Memory States and Hierarchies' 9. New Trends in Memory Dynamics 10. Memory and Whole-Brain-Work

The bombing of Pearl Harbor, the assassination of President Kennedy, the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger: every generation has unforgettable events, the shared memory of which can create fleeting intimacy among strangers. These public memories, combined with poignant personal moments--the first day of college, a baseball game with one's father, praise from a mentor--are the critical shaping events of individual lives. Although experimental memory studies have long been part of empirical psychology, and psychotherapy has focused on repressed or traumatizing memories, relatively little attention has been paid to the inspiring, touching, amusing, or revealing moments that highlight most lives. What makes something unforgettable? How do we learn to share the significance of memories? David Pillemer's research, brought together in this gracefully written book, extends the current study of narrative and specific memory. Drawing on a variety of evidence and methods--cognitive and developmental psychology, cross-cultural study, psychotherapy case studies, autobiographies and diaries--Pillemer elaborates on five themes: the function of memory; how children learn to construct and share personal memories; memory as a complex interactive system of image, emotion, and narrative; individual and group differences in memory function and performance; and how unique events linger in memory and influence lives. A provocative last chapter, full of striking examples, considers potential variations in memory across gender, culture, and personality. Momentous Events, Vivid Memories is itself a compelling and memorable book.

Psychology is the dogma of our age; psychotherapy is our means of self-understanding; and "repressed memory" is now a universally familiar form of trauma. Jeffrey Prager, who is both a sociologist and a psychoanalyst, explores the degree to which we manifest the cliches of our culture in our most private recollections.

At the core of "Presenting the Past" is the dramatic and troubling case of a woman who during the course of her analysis began to recall scenes of her own childhood sexual abuse. Later the patient came to believe that the trauma she remembered as a physical violation might have been an emotional violation and that she had composed a memory out of present and past relationships. But what was accurate and true? And what evidence could be persuasive and valuable? Could the analyst trust either her convictions or his own? Using this case and others, Prager explores the nature of memory and its relation to the interpersonal, therapeutic, and cultural worlds in which remembering occurs.

Synthesizing research from social science, psychoanalysis, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology, Prager uses clinical examples to argue more generally that our memories are never simple records of events, but constantly evolving constructions, affected by contemporary culture as well as by our own private lives. He demonstrates the need that sociology has for the insights of psychoanalysis, and the need that psychoanalysis has for the insights of sociology.

This special issue of the International Journal of Psychology had its origins in the Quebec 98 Conference on Short-Term Memory, held in Quebec City, Canada, in June 1998. Following this conference, participants were invited to submit contributions based on, and expanding upon, their presentation at this conference. The enthusiastic response made it possible to collect the exciting selection of articles that you will find herein. It must be noted that because of the finite journal space available, the editors and reviewers were faced with the difficult problem of selecting only a limited number of the excellent articles that were submitted. The outcome of this process is this special issue, which we believe provides an up-to-date overview of current research on short-term/working memory, including the challenges, controversies, and recent theoretical advances in this field.

The Camden Memory Tests consist of 5 new measures. Each test was developed to fulfil a clinical need that was not met by existing memory tests and they are intended to be used separately. The Pictorial Recognition Memory Test is an exceptionally easy test that can provide useful clinical information in the assessment of patients unable to cope with the demands of more difficult tests. It can also be used to identify subjects who are 'faking' memory disorders. The Topographical Recognition Memory Test provides a culture-free measure of visual memory that is a useful alternative to the more commonly used Recognition Memory Test for faces. The Paired-Associate Learning Test provides a more satisfactory measure of verbal recall and verbal learning than is at present available. The Short Recognition Memory Test for Words and The Short Recognition Memory Test for Faces were both developed to provide a short and quick version of the standard Recognition Memory Test with only the minimum loss of discriminative power. Each of the 5 individual tests has been standardised in a large representative cross section of an urban population including subjects between the ages of 70 and 85. Validation studies are presented. The localising power of the Topographical Recognition Memory Test and the Paired-Associate Learning Test has been established by assessing patients with unilateral cerebral lesions and the discriminative power of the Short Recognition Memory Test for Words and for Faces has been established by assessing patients with dementing illnesses.