In the last few years multimedia hardware and applications have become widely available on PC and workstations. Moreover, through the tremendous development and the wide usage of the World Wide Web multimedia applications have been brought over the network to many people. This book presents the results of the fourth in a well established series of international workshops on Multimedia organized by the EUROGRAPHICS Association, and held from May 28 to 30, 1996, in Rostock, Germany. The workshop had the special topic Multimedia on the Net and was the follow up of the EUROGRAPHICS Symposium and Workshop on Multimedia held in Graz in June 1994. The workshop program consisted of an invited keynote speech and five technical sessions. The fifteen contributions selected for this volume treat topics of particular interest in current research and address actual problems of the use of multimedia in distributed applications over the network. According to the technical sessions they can be roughly structured in the parts concepts for handling multimedia data, still and motion pictures on the net, WWW and multimedia, collaborative multimedia, and multimedia and education. Concepts for handling multimedia data are addressed in two contributions. The first treats a frame based presentation model for distributed information systems (Kirste), the other one presents a temporal logic formalism for specifying navigational transformation in hypermedia applications (Mere et al.).

27 contributions treat the state of the art in Monte Carlo and Finite Element methods for radiosity and radiance. Further special topics dealt with are the use of image maps to capture light throughout space, complexity, volumetric stochastic descriptions, innovative approaches to sampling and approximation, and system architecture. The Rendering Workshop proceedings are an obligatory piece of literature for all scientists working in the rendering field, but they are also very valuable for the practitioner involved in the implementation of state of the art rendering system certainly influencing the scientific progress in this field.

This book contains revised refereed papers selected from the presentations at the First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, held in University Park, PA, USA, in August 1995.
The 23 full papers included are divided into sections on low-level processing, vectorization and segmentation of scanned graphics documents; symbol and diagram recognition, map processing, interpretation of engineering drawings. Each section contains both survey articles to assess the state of the art, and research papers presenting novel results. One section is devoted to a contest held to determine the best algorithm for detection of dashed lines in drawings. The final chapter summarizes the conclusions and recommendations of the discussions held during the workshop.

Lotus Notes is one of the most successful and versatile groupware products on the market today and is used widely in both large and small organisations. Transforming Organisations Through Groupware - Lotus Notes in Action contains a selection of carefully chosen case studies which illustrate the implementational, organisational and commercial consequences of using Lotus Notes. These case studies have been chosen for their international appeal and, unlike other books on Lotus Notes, concentrate on the added value that can be gained by using Notes - rather than on the technical aspects of how to make the software work.

This volume contains a thoroughly refereed collection of revised full papers selected from the presentations at the First East-West International Conference on Multimedia, Hypermedia, and Virtual Reality, MHVR'94, held in Moscow, Russia, in September 1994.
The 22 full papers presented in the book were selected from a total of 76 initial submissions and have been carefully updated for publication. Also included are two invited papers and summaries by the session chairpersons. The volume is organized in chapters on hypermedia models and architectures, enhancing multimedia support, new technologies for virtual reality, hypermedia and multimedia for group collaboration, hypermedia and multimedia for learning, and personalized hypermedia.

This book presents the refereed proceedings of the Second COST 237 International Workshop, held in Copenhagen, Denmark in November 1995 in the framework of the CEC COST 237 Multimedia Telecommunications Services Project.
The 15 papers included in revised full versions were chosen from 24 workshop submissions individually solicited from groups of researchers and developers known to be active in the areas of interest. The papers are grouped in sections on multipeer communications, teleservices and applications support, broadband network and transport services, QoS assurance, and multimedia support.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the first European Workshop on Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems and Services, IDMS'96, held in Berlin, Germany in March 1996.
The 21 revised papers included were carefully selected for presentation at the workshop; they examine current and new approaches to interactive distributed multimedia systems and services from different points of view, including research and development, management, and users. Among the topics addressed are application development support, multimedia services on demand, multimedia conferencing, multimedia networking, continuous-media streams, multimedia experiments.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the international Symposium on Graph Drawing, GD '95, held in Passau, Germany, in September 1995.
The 40 full papers and 12 system demonstrations were selected from a total of 88 submissions and include, in their revised versions presented here, the improvements suggested during the meeting. This book also contains a report on the graph-drawing contest held in conjunction with GD '95. Graph drawing is concerned with the problem of visualizing structural information, particularly by constructing geometric representations of abstract graphs and networks. The importance of this area for industrial applications is testified by the large number of people with industrial affiliations, submitting papers and participating in the meeting.

Selected papers from this year's Workshops on Virtual Environments and on Visualization in Scientific Computing are included in this volume. The papers on VE discuss Virtual Environment System architecture, communication requirements, synthetic actors, crowd simulations and modeling aspects, application experience in surgery support, geographic information systems, and engineering and virtual housing systems. Contributions from the Visualization workshop are presented in four groups: volume rendering, user interfaces in scientific visualization, architecture of scientific visualization systems and flow visualization.

COLLADA is a COLLAborative Design Activity for establishing an open standard Digital Asset schema for interactive 3D applications. This book explains in detail how to use the COLLADA technology in a project utilizing 3D assets, and ultimately how to create an effective content creation pipeline for the most complex development. Errata are posted at http://collada.org/mediawiki/index.php/COLLADA_book.

The papers in this volume are a good sampling and overview of current solutions to the problems of creating graphically based systems. This breadth of scope comes out of the closing discussion at the Fourth Eurographics Workshop on Object-Oriented Graphics. The fifth workshop, on Programming Paradigms in Graphics, set out to provide answers and alternatives to the shortcomings of object-oriented graphics. The presentations investigated the applicability, merits and problems of various programming paradigms in computer graphics for design, modelling and implementation. This book contains a revised selection of the best papers from the Fifth Eurograph ics Workshop on Programming Paradigms in Graphics, held 2-3 September 1995 in Maastricht, The etherlands. All papers at the workshop were subjected to a thorough review by at least three members of the international programme committee. The se lection for this book was based on further review and the papers also incorporate the relevant aspects of the discussions at the workshop. In past Eurographics workshops on Object-Oriented Graphics the prominent trend has been a discovery of the limits of object-orientation in graphics. The limitations of object-orientation were felt to lie in such areas as the expression of relationships between objects. This is an area of particular strength for the declarative languages, such as constraint-based languages. On the other hand, a notion of state has long been a problem in declarative languages and yet it is often seen as an essential aspect of graphical modelling, particularly in simulation and animation."

This book contains mainly a selection of papers that were presented at the International Workshop on High Performance Computing/or Computer Graphics and Visualisation, held in Swansea, United Kingdom on 3-4 July 1995. The workshop was sponsored by the HEFCWI Initiative on *Parallel Computing - Foundations and Applications*, and it has provided the international computer graphics community with a platform for: * assessing and reviewing the impact of the development of high performance computing on the progress of computer graphics and visualisation; * presenting the current use of high performance computing architecture and software tools in computer graphics and visualisation, and the development of parallel graphics algorithms; * identifying potential high performance computing applications in computer graphics and visualisation, and encouraging members of the graphics community to think about their problems from the perspective of parallelism. The book is divided into six sections. The first section, which acts as the introduction of the book, gives an overview of the current state of the art It contains a comprehensive survey, by Whitman, of parallel algorithms for computer graphics and visualisation; and a discussion, by Hansen, on the past, present and future high performance computing applications in computer graphics and visualisation. The second section is focused on the design and implementation of high performance architecture, software tools and algorithms for surface rendering.

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Computer Science Conference, ICSC '95, held in Hong Kong in December 1995.
ICSC '95 was devoted to computer graphics and image analysis applications. The 55 revised full papers presented together with 21 posters were selected from a total of 155 submissions. The papers are organized in sections on robot navigation and tracking, scientific visualization, feature matching and detection, geometric modeling, document processing and character recognition, rendering, 3D image analysis, image synthesis, biomedical imaging, simulation and animation, curves and surfaces, application systems, and human models.

This is the latest volume in the 'Workshops in Computing' series, and contains papers from the International Workshop on Hpyermedia Design, held in Montpellier, France, from 1 - 2 June 1995. The workshop aimed to provide a forum for researchers and practitioners from a variety of backgrounds to discuss the many facets of hypermedia design. Among the specific topics covered by the papers are: design methods, multimedia modelling, higher structures in hypermedia design spaces, user-interface design for hypermedia, building distributed web applications, and hyperdialogs. The resulting volume provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in this important field. It will be of interest to researchers, practitioners and students involved in any aspect of hypermedia design.

This book constitutes the refereed revised post-workshop proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, NOSSDAV '95, held in Durham, New Hampshire, USA in April 1995.
The 24 full papers included were selected from a total of 101 submissions; together with overviews by the session chairpersons they reflect the state of the art in networking and operating systems support for multimedia. The papers are organized in sections on advance reservation systems, operating systems support, resource management and quality of service, audio and video systems, and scheduling and synchronization.

This book documents the scientific outcome of the International NSF-ARPA Workshop on Object Representation in Computer Vision, held in New York City in December 1994 with invited participants chosen among the recognized experts in the field.
The volume presents the complete set of papers in revised full-length versions. In addition, the first paper is a report on the workshop in which the panel discussions as well as the conclusions and recommendations reached by the workshop participants are summarized.
Altogether the volume provides an excellent, in-depth view of the state of the art in this active area of research and applications.

Following five successful workshops in the previous five years, the Rendering Workshop is now well established as a major international forum and one of the most reputable events in the field of realistic image synthesis. Including the best 31 papers which were carefully evaluated out of 68 submissions the book gives an overview on hierarchical radiosity, Monte Carlo radiosity, wavelet radiosity, nondiffuse radiosity, and radiosity performance improvements. Some papers deal with ray tracing, reconstruction techniques, volume rendering, illumination, user interface aspects, and importance sampling. Also included are two invited papers by James Arvo and Alain Fournier. As is the style of the Rendering Workshop, the contributions are mainly of algorithmic nature, often demonstrated by prototype implementations. From these implementations result numerous color images which are included as appendix. The Rendering Workshop proceedings are certainly an obligatory piece of literature for all scientists working in the rendering field, but they are also very valuable for the practitioner involved in the implementation of state of the art rendering system certainly influencing the scientific progress in this field.

Visualization is nowadays indispensable to get insight into the huge amounts of data pro duced by large scale simulations or advanced measurement devices. The use of com puter graphics for scientific purposes has become a well established discipline, known as Scientific Visualization. Many problems still have to be solved, and hence the field is a very active area for research and development. This book represents results of the sixth in a well established series of international workshops on Visualization in Scien tific Computing organized by the EUROGRAPHICS Association in collaboration with CRS4 (Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia), held from May 3 to May 5,1995, in Chia, Italy. The thirteen contributions selected for this volume cover a wide range of topics, ranging from detailed algorithmic studies to searches for new metaphors. A rough di vision can be made into the parts interaction, irregular meshes, volume rendering, and applications. Interaction in three dimensions is a challenging area for research. The use of three dimensional user interfaces for more natural manipulation of three-dimensional data and their visualization is natural, but is far from trivial to realize. Pang et al. investigate the use of common objects such as spray cans and carving knives as metaphors for visualiza tion tools, in order to provide an intuitive and natural three dimensional user interface. Gibson uses a voxel-based data representation, not only for visualization, but also for physical modeling of objects. A prototype system under development for haptic explo ration is discussed."

This book is the final outcome of the Eurographics Workshop on Design, Specification and Verification of Interactive Systems, that was held in Bonas, from June 7 to 9, 1995. This workshop was the second of its kind, following the successful first edition in Italy in 1994. The goal of this ongoing series of meetings is to review the state of the art in the domain of tools, notations and methodologies supporting the design of Interactive Systems. This acknowledges the fact that making systems that are friendlier to the user makes the task ever harder to the designers of such systems, and that much research is still needed to provide the appropriate conceptual and practical tools. The workshop was located in the Chateau de Bonas, in the distant countryside of Toulouse, France. Tms location has been selected to preserve the quiet and studious atmosphere that was established in the monastery of Santa Croce at Bocca di Magra for the first edition, and that was much enjoyed by the participants. The conversations initiated during the sessions often lasted till late at night, in the peaceful atmosphere of the Gers landscape.

Interactive 3-D Graphics in Windows is a hands-on book which uses a component software approach to help Visual C++ programmers quickly and easily develop windows-integrated, interactive 3-D graphics applications. The book includes JOEY, a 3-D user interface toolkit which addresses interaction issues not dealt with in the Microsoft User Interface Style Guide. JOEY provides a 3-D user interface, 3-D tools OLE Linking and Embedding and OLE automation within the MFC framework so that the application programmer can focus on application functionality. Using this book and JOEY, an experienced Visual C++ programmer can create an interactive 3-D application in a few hours. Roy Hall and Danielle Forsyth are the founders of Crisis in Perspective, Inc. in Portland, Oregon. Crisis in Perspective develops modeling systems for architects and building professionals which facilitate modeling and animation in the same way that word processors facilitate written document design; powerful, flexible, and extensive modeling systems for people that do not yet know exactly what they want to build.

One can observe that a wide range of human activities involves various forms of de sign. Especially if the goal implies the creation of an artifact, design is at the very center of these activities. It is the general understanding in the public to place design especially in the context of, for example, fashion, furniture, household items, cars, and architecture or in a more general way at the intersection of art and engineering. Of course, in the field of information technology, developers of software and hard ware are called system 'designers'. Design can be identified and considered in the context of many activities related to pUblishing: creating a product ad in a magazine, designing the layout of a newspaper, authoring a book. Summarizing these exam ples as 'creating documents', these are activities where two challenges with respect to design have to be met. Designing the content, its structure, and its relationship to the existing knowledge of potential readers is one, while the other refers to the 'rhetorical' aspects including designing the presentation of the material in order to communicate the content. Publishing is communicating knowledge."

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the DIMACS International Workshop on Graph Drawing, GD '94, held in Princeton, New Jersey in October 1994.
The 50 papers and system descriptions presented address the problem of constructing geometric representations of abstract graphs, networks and hypergraphs, with applications to key technologies such as software engineering, databases, visual interfaces, and circuit layout; they are organized in sections on three-dimensional drawings, orthogonal drawings, planar drawings, crossings, applications and systems, geometry, system demonstrations, upward drawings, proximity drawings, declarative and other approaches; in addition reports on a graph drawing contest and a poster gallery are included.

Superblack, superblock, supercase, superquadric, supersampling, superred, supergreen, and superblue are just a few of the words which make up the language of computer graphics. This new edition of a widely acclaimed dictionary provides a guide to this fast-moving subject for both relative novices and professionals working in the field. The main changes have been to add new terminology relating to virtual reality and the related topics of robotics and networked simulation. This dictionary covers the software, hardware, and applications of computer graphics and contains hundreds of terms not found elsewhere. Definitions are clear and concise, with special attention given to alternate spellings and meanings. Acronyms are decoded, and pronunciation of the seemingly unpronounceable is given, from WYSIWYG (whizzy-wig) to NAPLPS (nap-lips).

In this book, a variety of algoritbms are described that may be of interest to everyone who writes software for 3D-graphics. It is a book that haB been written for programmers at an intermediate level as well aB for experienced software engineers who simply want to have some particular functions at their disposal, without having to think too much about details like special cases or optimization for speed. The programming language we use is C, and that has many advantages, because it makes the code both portable and efficient. Nevertheless, it should be possible to adapt the ideas to other high-level programming languages. The reader should have a reasonable knowledge of C, because sophisticated pro grams with economical storage household and fast sections cannot be written without the use of pointers. You will find that in the long run it is just aB easy to work with pointer variables as with multiple arrays . .Ass the title of the book implies, we will not deal with algorithms that are very computation-intensive such as ray tracing or the radiosity method. Furthermore, objects will always be (closed or not closed) polyhedra, which consist of a certain number of polygons.

The purpose of this book is to present a project from the ESPRIT Specific Programme of European Research and Development in Information Technology, project number 6310, known as MMTCA: Multimedia Toolbox for Cooperative Applications. This project ran from 1992 to 1994, and concluded with a product which is probably of great usefulness to all business organisations. MMTCA enables managers to set up arrangements or to delegate tasks involving cooperation between people in different places using standard Windows software tools for what-you-see-is-what-I-see (wySIWIS) cooperation. MMTCA is the only product that delivers all of these points. Several trends in 1994 lead the authors to believe that MMTCA will become more important over the coming months: * the continuing popularity of personal computers and Microsoft's Windows operating system, * the growing importance of computer-supported cooperative work, and * the availability of powerful networks and satellites for wide-area communica tions. In MMTCA it is not necessary for the manager to know anything about com puter programming, but merely to have a user's working knowledge of the appli cation software (spreadsheets etc.) that is used in his office. The MMTCA approach envisages two stages where MMTCA's facilities are used: * by the manager: setting up or organising work to be done, * by the participants: carrying out the resulting tasks.