Problems common to graphics and robotics are covered in this reviewed selection of papers written following a 1993 workshop. Leading experts from both disciplines met to identify common problems, to present new solutions, and to discuss future research directions. Topics covered include robot simulation using graphics workstations, simulation concepts in the framework of teleoperation, path planning strategies, collision detection techniques, experimentation using virtual reality, modeling techniques for automated programming and for objects with curved surfaces, object-oriented implementations, various aspects of robot vision, and - in a paper that reflects the essence of the workshop - the challenging task of designing a vision system for a domestic robot.

Over the last few years, multimedia hardware and applications have become widely available in the personal computer and workstation environments, and multimedia is rapidly becoming an integral part of stand-alone, single-user sy stems. In contrast, the problems encountered when moving to open, distributed environments are only just beginning to be identified. Examples are the trans mission of dynamic data (video, sound) over large distances and cooperative work. Following on from two successful workshops on multimedia, EG-MM '94 concentrates on topics related to multimedia/hypermedia in open, distributed environments. The goal of this symposium was not only to give a comprehensive overview of the current state of research, development, and standardisation in the field, but also to provide an opportunity for live demonstrations to experience directly the presented results. The symposium program consists of two invited keynote speeches, eight tech .nical sessions, one tutorial, and one demonstration session. A workshop following immediately after the symposium provides an opportunity for in-depth discussi ons of open problems among experts. It is intended to fill a gap often experienced at larger meetings and conferences: the lack of time to discuss in detail issues raised during the event, such as the characteristics of different approaches to a certain problem. It is intended that the results of the workshop be published as a Eurographics Technical Report."

This workshop on Graphics Modeling and Visualization in Scientific, Engineering and Technical Applications was held in Darmstadt, Germany, on 13-14 April 1992. Visualization is known as the key technology to control massive data sets and to achieve insight into these tera bytes of data. Graphics Modeling is the enabling technology for advanced interaction. This book contains the keynote papers from three internationally well-known invited speakers and a selection of papers submitted to this workshop. Due to the effective scientific contacts between German and Portuguese researchers, and the results from this cooperation, the workshop was also the 2nd Luso-German Meet- ing on Computer Graphics. The keynote papers present an excellent overview of the main topics of the workshop. Prof. Rae Earnshaw focuses on Scientific Visualization as an inter- disciplinary area of research and application, presenting state of the art concepts and works currently being developed, and the requirements of visualization sys- tems in the 90's. Prof. Frank-Lothar Krause presents Product Modeling as the key for information integration in industry, in particular to support CAD-CAM inte- gration and CIM. Dr. Rolf Iindner introduces the DEDICATED (DEvelopment of a new DImension in Computer Assisted Teaching and EDucation) project, a European DELTA project with a strong involvement of German and Portuguese partners.

Computational geometry is the part of theoretical computer science that concerns itself with geometrical objects; it aims to define efficient algorithms for problems involving points, lines, polygons, and so on. The field has gained popularity very rapidly during the last decade. This is partly due to the many application areas of computational geometry and partly due to the beauty of the field itself. This monograph focuses on three problems that arise in three-dimensional computational geometry. The first problem is the ray shooting problem: preprocess a set of polyhedra into a data structure such that the first polyhedron that is hit by a query ray can be determined quickly. The second problem is that of computing depth orders: we want to sort a set of polyhedra such thatif one polyhedron is (partially) obscured by another polyhedron then it comes first in the order. The third problem is the hidden surface removal problem: given a set of polyhedra and a view point, compute which parts of the polyhedra are visible from the view point. These three problems involve issues that are fundamental to three-dimensional computational geometry. The book also contains a large introductory part discussing the techniques used to tackle the problems. This part should interest not only those who need the background for the rest of the book but also anyone who wants to know more about some recent techniques in computational geometry.

Given a familiar object extracted from its surroundings, we humans have little difficulty in recognizing it irrespective of its size, position and orientation in our field of view. Changes in lighting and the effects of perspective also pose no problems. How do we achieve this, and more importantly, how can we get a computer to do this? One very promising approach is to find mathematical functions of an object's image, or of an object's 3D description, that are invariant to the transformations caused by the object's motion. This book is devoted to the theory and practice of such invariant image features, so-called image invariants, for planar objects. It gives a comprehensive summary of the field, discussing methods for recognizing both occluded and partially occluded objects, and also contains a definitive treatmentof moment invariants and a tutorial introduction to algebraic invariants, which are fundamental to affine moment invariants and to many projective invariants. A number of novel invariant functions are presented and the results of numerous experiments investigating the stability of new and old invariants are discussed. The main conclusion is that moment invariants are very effective, both for partially occluded objects and for recognizing objects in grey-level images.

This volume contains the proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Advanced Teleservices and High-Speed Communication Architectures (IWACA '94), held in Heidelberg, Germany in September 1994.
The IWACA Workshop is a platform for the exchange among researchers and developers from both the multimedia applications and the high-speed telecommunication communities. The book presents revised versions of the 36 papers accepted for presentation at the workshop. They cover several aspects of multimedia applications and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), and focus on ATM-LANs and ATM for the wide area high-performance network of the future.

The offices of GMD-FOKUS in Berlin provided the venue for a meeting in December 1987 which signalled the birth of the ARGOSI project. The proposal gradually took shape over the following months, and after merging with another project proposal in the field of standardization of computer graphics, finally received funding from the Esprit programme in March 1989. The project stemmed from a recognition of the importance of computer graphics a'i an ena bling technology in many application areas, and of the need to build bridges between computer graphics and telecommunications. The overall aims of the pro ject were twofold: * Advance the state of the art in the transfer of graphical information across international networks. * Improve quality and applicability of standards in this area. This book records the key results of the project and the contributions the project has made to standardization related to the transfer of graphical information across open networks. Contributions have included a demonstration of a prototype appli cation - a road transport information system running over public international of a new data networks - shown at the Esprit '91 exhibition, the standardization FT AM document type allowing structured access to graphical information (represented according to the Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) standard) and major contributions to a mapping of the X-Windows protocol onto an OSI stack. The project also organized two international workshops. the first on Graphics and Communications, and the second on Distributed Window Systems.

The substantial effort of parallelizing scientific programs is only justified if the resulting codes are efficient. Thus, all types of performance tuning are important to parallel software development. But performance improvements are much more difficult to achieve with parallel programs than with sequential programs. One way to overcome this difficulty is to bring in graphical tools. This monograph covers recent developments in parallel program visualization techniques and tools and demonstrates the application of specific visualization techniques and software tools to scientific parallel programs. The solution of initial value problems of ordinary differential equations, and numerical integration are treated in detail as two important examples.

In the terminal phase of the ACORD project, the idea of documenting relevant results and perspectives grew among most of the involved partners. This book is the outcome of the idea. It completes in a more theoretically perspective the final technical documentation of the project (see p. 6 footnote 1) which is mainly focussed in the description of the integrated demonstrator and of each of its modules. The reader will find in chapter 1 a brief presentation of the general architecture of the ACORD system and pointers to each of the subsequent chapters. These cover the main results and perspectives of the project on grammar formalisms and implementation, for both parsing and generation, graphics and natural language integration, and knowledge base formalism. The production of the book benefited from a fund of Alcatel Alsthom Recherche, from the techni cal assistance of Karine Baschung and from a carefull typographic revision and final preparation of the submitted texts by Sylvie Di Penta. Gabriel G. Bes VI CONTRIBUTORS KARINE BAS CHUNG Formation Doctorale Linguistique et Informatique, Universite Blaise Pascal (Clermont Ferrand II), 34 Avenue Carnot, 63037 Clermont Ferrand Cedex, France. GABRIEL G. BES Formation Doctorale Linguistique et Informatique, Universite Blaise Pascal (Clermont Ferrand II), 34 Avenue Carnot, 63037 Clermont Ferrand Cedex, France. FRIEDRICH DUDDA Triumph-Adler, Hundingst. 11 bd, 8500 Nuremberg, Germany. CLAIRE GARDENT Departement of Philosophy, Facultet der Wisjbegeerte, Heidelberglaan, 2 Postbus 80103,3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands. THIERRY GUILLOTIN Centre Scientifique d'IBM France, 3-5 Place Vendome, 75021 Paris Cedex 01, France."

Kostensenkung durch Automatisierung ist ein wichtiges Thema in allen Reproabteilungen. Color Factory von FotoWare leistet auf diesem Gebiet Enormes, vorausgesetzt die Software ist effizient konfiguriert. Dieses Buch hilft Anwendern, die das Produkt bereits lizensiert haben, dessen Konfiguration zu optimieren und bietet Denkanstosse fur Losungen. Interessenten von Color Factory erhalten einen Uberblick uber Leistungen und Einsatzmoglichkeiten. Die anschauliche Darstellung der Features ermoglicht es, die Information schnell aufzunehmen. Schwerpunkt bildet die automatisierte Bildbearbeitung, die uber ein sehr hohes Einsparpotenzial verfugt."

Graphs can be used to convey information about relationships in many applications. State transition diagrams, PERT/CPM charts, and entity-relationship diagrams are a few examples of many applications involving graphs. Typically, nodes in the graph represent items in the application and the edges represent the relationships among these items. A graph editor is an interactive tool that presents a graph to the user pictorially and allows the user to edit the graph. This monograph presents the design of an extendible graph editor, which is a graph editor that can be adapted easily to many different application areas. Several fundamental and recurring problem areas associated with graph editors are investigated and a solution is proposed for each. The topics investigated are: - Graph layout: a layout constraint mechanism is presented which can easily be combined with various graph layout algorithms. - Graphical abstraction: a novel clustering techniquecalled edge concentration is presented which can reduce the apparent complexity of the graph. - Persistence: the graph structures produced by theeditor can be kept in long-term storage using a standardized, external format for graphs. - Extendibility: the design of the proposed graph editor makes it easy to adapt to various applications. To demonstrate their feasibility, the proposed solutions have been incorporated into EDGE, an extendible graph editor protoype.

Technological advances are revolutionizing computers and networks to supportdigital video and audio, leading to new design spaces in computer systems and applications. Under the surface of exciting multimedia technologies liesa mine of research problems. This volume presents the proceedings of an international workshop which brought together the leading researchers in allaspects of multimedia computing, communication, storage, and applications. The field of multimedia has witnessed an explosive growth in the last few years and the selection of papers for this workshop was extremely competitive. The volume contains 26 full papers and 14 short papers selected from 128 contributions, organized into parts on: network and operating system support for multimedia; multimedia on-demand services; media synchronization; distributed multimedia systems; network andoperating system support for multimedia; multimedia models, frameworks, and document architectures; and multimedia workstations and platforms.

COLLADA is a COLLAborative Design Activity for establishing an open standard Digital Asset schema for interactive 3D applications. This book explains in detail how to use the COLLADA technology in a project utilizing 3D assets, and ultimately how to create an effective content creation pipeline for the most complex development. Errata are posted at http://collada.org/mediawiki/index.php/COLLADA_book.

Perspective views, such as block diagrams and fence diagrams have always been an important means of scientific visualiza- tion in geology. Advanced three-dimensional computer gra- phics is a new tool for the construction of such views. The book contains papers presented at the first large interna- tional meeting (Freiburg, October 8-11, 1990) that brought together working groups engaged in development of 3-D visua- lization programs for geologic purposes, and included people fromuniversities, government agencies, the mining industry (especially oil companies) and from software companies enga- ged in geology and geographic information systems. Many dif- ferent aspects of using three-dimensional computer graphics are discussed in the papers. Emphasized are different ap- proaches of modeling and rendering a 3-D geometric model, of transforming process simulation results into perspective views, and use of three-dimensional computer-graphics as an additional tool for interpretation and prediction. Prospec- tive readers include geologists and geophysicists from aca- demia, government and industry who should find ideason how to present and interpret their own geological observations and results with the help of three-dimensional computer gra- phics.

These are the proceedings of the third International conference on ExtendingDatabase Technology (EDBT) held in Vienna in March 1992. The success of the 1988 and 1990 conferences held in Venice suggested that there is room for a major international database conference in Europe every two years, to serve as a forum for presentation of new results in research, developmentand applications extending the state of the art in database technology. The 1992 EDBT conference has attracted a lot of interest. This volume contains 33 papers selected from 220 papers submitted by authors from more than 30 countries, including invited papers by F. Bancilhon and R. Reiter. The volume is organized into sections on: visual interfaces and multimedia techniques, deductive databases, schema updatability, object-oriented databases, updating in deductive databases and knowledge bases, indexing techniques, parallel processing, distributed databases, knowledge bases, transaction processing, and query processing.

The ultimate goal of all 3D graphics systems is to render 3D objects on a two-dimensional surface such as plotter output or a workstation screen. The approach adopted by most graphics systems is to perform a central or parallel projection of the objects onto the view surface. These systems have to make use of the mathematical results of projective geometry. This monograph has as its aim the derivation of a framework for analyzing the behavior of projective transformations in graphics systems. It is shown that a mathematically precise description of the projective geometrical nature of a graphics system leads not only to a deeper understanding of the system but also to new approaches which result in faster or more precise algorithms. A further aim of the book is to show the importance of advanced mathematics for computer science. Many problems become easier to describe or to solve when the appropriate mathematical tools are used. The author demonstrates that projective geometry has a major role to play in computer graphics.

This book contains chapters written by eminent scientists on the latest de- velopment in computer technology and applications in Japan. The material contained in this book is an edited version of the presenta- tion at a seminar arranged by the Computational Mechanics Institute of the Wessex Institute of Technology at Southampton during 1989. The objective of the Seminar was to provide an awareness of the considerable advances being made by Japanese scientists in the general area of information tech- nology and in the so-called Fifth Generation Computer Systems. In the first chapter, Watanabe of the NEC Corporation, describes advanced architecture and technology of supercomputing systems. This theme is fol- lowed by Nakamura of Tohoku University in the next chapter. Another type of supercomputer for vector processing, the FACOM VP 2000 Series is then described by Uchida of Fujitsu Ltd in Chapter Three. Expert systems are presented in the next two chapters by Ueno and Oomari of Tokyo Denki University and by Koseki and Goto of the NEC Corpora- tion. Important applications in computer graphics are described in Chapter Six by Ishii and Murakami of Fujitsu Laboratories. Hayashi from the same Laboratory then discusses neurocomputers in Japan. The final chapter by Noguchi of Tohoku University illustrates an important application in com- munications. The Editors acknowledge the help of Computational Mechanics Publica- tions in the preparation and sub-editing of the manuscript and are grateful for the high standards of presentation.

Fractal geometry has become popular in the last 15 years, its applications can be found in technology, science, or even arts. Fractal methods and formalism are seen today as a general, abstract, but nevertheless practical instrument for the description of nature in a wide sense. But it was Computer Graphics which made possible the increasing popularity of fractals several years ago, and long after their mathematical formulation. The two disciplines are tightly linked. The book contains the scientificcontributions presented in an international workshop in the "Computer Graphics Center" in Darmstadt, Germany. The target of the workshop was to present the wide spectrum of interrelationships and interactions between Fractal Geometry and Computer Graphics. The topics vary from fundamentals and new theoretical results to various applications and systems development. All contributions are original, unpublished papers.The presentations have been discussed in two working groups; the discussion results, together with actual trends and topics of future research, are reported in the last section. The topics of the book are divides into four sections: Fundamentals, Computer Graphics and Optical Simulation, Simulation of Natural Phenomena, Image Processing and Image Analysis.

One way to advance the science of computational geometry is to make a comprehensive study of fundamental operations that are used in many different algorithms. This monograph attempts such an investigation in the case of two basic predicates: the counterclockwise relation pqr, which states that the circle through points (p, q, r) is traversed counterclockwise when we encounter the points in cyclic order p, q, r, p, ...; and the incircle relation pqrs, which states that s lies inside that circle if pqr is true, or outside that circle if pqr is false. The author, Donald Knuth, is one of the greatest computer scientists of our time. A few years ago, he and some of his students were looking at amap that pinpointed the locations of about 100 cities. They asked, "Which ofthese cities are neighbors of each other?" They knew intuitively that some pairs of cities were neighbors and some were not; they wanted to find a formal mathematical characterization that would match their intuition.This monograph is the result.

Algorithms are a central concept in computer science. The German Science Foundation (DFG) started a special joint initiative on data structures and efficient algorithms in 1986 with the aim of encouraging collaborative research on algorithms. For a period of five years about a dozen projects were funded with an emphasis on algorithms and data structures for geometric problems, on the one hand, and parallel and distributed algorithms, on the other. This volume contains 18 papers that are intended to give an impression of the achievements of this joint research initiative. The first group of papers addresses research on fundamental data structures, computational geometry, graph algorithms, computer graphics, and spatial databases. The second group of papers centers on the following problems: the design of parallel architectures and routing strategies, simulation of parallel machines, and the design of distributed algorithms for solving difficult problems.

ICCAL, the International Conference on Computers and Learning, is a forum for the exchange of ideas and presentation of developments in the theory andpractice of computer uses in education, with a focus on post-secondary education. ICCAL '92 was held at Acadia University in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada, June 17-20, 1992. This volume presents the proceedings of ICCAL '92, and features 45 submitted and 6 invited papers. Topics addressed include hypermedia systems, multimedia learning environments, educational strategies, knowledge based tutors, program visualization systems, intelligent tutoring systems, mouse and touchscreen comparison, cooperative multimedia, authoring systems, language learning, spelling remediation, teaching geometry, a tutoring assistant for arithmetic, a learning package for statistics, conversational pattern learning, adaptive navigational tools, and many more.

This volume presents the proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Computational Geometry, CG'91, held at the University of Berne, Switzerland, March 21/22, 1991. Computational geometry is not a precisely defined field. Often, it is understood as a nearly mathematical discipline, dealing mainly with complexity questions concerning geometrical problems and algorithms. But often too, and perhaps increasingly, questions of more practical relevance are central, such as applicability, numerical behavior and performance for all kinds of input size. Topics considered in CG'91 include: - Generalizations and applications of the Voronoi diagram - Problems with rectangular objects - Path determination - Moving objects - Visibility questions - Layout problems - Representation of spatial objects and spatial queries - Problems in higher dimensions - Implementation questions - Relations to artificial intelligence.

Combine high-end manga storytelling theory and advice with the tools for digital creation in Manga Studio, guided by expert professional manga-ka. You'll discover manga storytelling techniques, from speed lines to technology, from toning to big sound effects. Steve Horton and Jeong Mo Yang then show you how best to accomplish these techniques using the leading manga art creation program, Manga Studio EX. Every ounce of theory is backed up with step-by-step manga illustrations and Manga Studio screenshots that show how these illustrations were created. See the techniques in action in The Other Side of the Tracks, a new manga short story in the book centerfold which demonstrates at least one example from every technique described. You can also follow the continuing story as a webmanga available at comicspace.com. And there's more! The downloadable resources include trial version of Manga Studio EX along with high-resolution image files from the book. Smith Micro has also included a coupon for $100 off the full version of Manga Studio EX.

In this volume the author gives an introduction to the theory of group representations and their applications in image science. The main feature of the presentation is a systematic treatment of the invariance principle in image processing and pattern recognition with the help of group theoretical methods. The invariance properties of a problem often largely define the solution to the problem. Invariance principles are well known in theoretical physics but their use in image processing is only a few years old. The reader will find that group theory provides a unifying framework for many problems in image science. The volume is based on graduate-level lectures given by the author, and the book is intended for students and researchers interested in theoretical aspects of computer vision.