Profitable production planning is and will remain an eternal challenge to ensuring the prosperity and dignity of companies in a global market. Even though there are different approaches to achieving the target profitability through productivity in the production planning stage, these approaches do not guarantee consistent planning, creation, and sustenance of synchronous profitable operations for multiannual and annual target profit. In feedback to this predicament, Alin Posteuca develops a new system called speed-based target profit (SBTP). SBTP is the profitable production management and manufacturing improvement system that approaches production planning to achieve unit speed of target profit for target products through manufacturing cost improvement and bottleneck profitability control for maximum takt time. Managers and practitioners within manufacturing companies will discover a practical approach for cost down and cash up by applying a powerful operational profitable production planning formula to meet profitability expectations through productivity based on strong leadership with the help of a specific system for feedforward, concurrent, and feedback control. Therefore, the SBTP system in this book presents a holistic approach to profitability for target products and the development of its own mechanism since the acceptance of each order from customers to achieve continuous synchronization of all manufacturing processes to market requirements, profitability management, and profitable production planning. The uniqueness of the book is reinforced by a detailed presentation of the successful application of the SBTP system in two case studies, as a way of life and a unit speed of target profit improvement ethos at all hierarchical levels, in two multinational manufacturing companies operating in highly competitive markets in order to address the synchronous profitable operations for both the sales increase scenario and the sales decrease scenario. By adopting the SBTP system, your company will be able to consistently achieve unit speed of target profit in the bottleneck process for fulfilling annual and multiannual target profit as a unique and effective way through a new profitable production planning paradigm that operates according to its own production system.

This book outlines the process of sustainable product design and development. It presents design guidelines that help prolong the life of a product and minimize its environmental impact. These guidelines specifically enable product design for end-of-life (EoL) objectives such as reuse, recycling and remanufacturing. Sustainable Product Design and Development also presents mathematical models that will help the designer determine the cost of designing sustainable products. This cost can be computed early during the design stage of a product. Sustainable Product Design and Development presents different ways and means by which a product can address all three pillars of sustainability-environmental conservation, social sustainability, and economic sustainability. Various case studies are incorporated in different chapters. Case studies on designing products for assembly, disassembly and remanufacturing have been presented in their respective chapters. The book also provides an overview of global environmental legislation to help the reader grasp the importance of waste management and sustainable product design. This book is aimed at professionals, engineering students, environmental scientists, and those in the business environment.

Transforming Management Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques redefines management practices using artificial intelligence (AI) by providing a new approach. It offers a detailed, well-illustrated treatment of each topic with examples and case studies, and brings the exciting field to life by presenting a substantial and robust introduction to AI in a clear and concise manner. It provides a deeper understanding of how the relevant aspects of AI impact each other's efficacy for better output. It's a reliable and accessible one-step resource that introduces AI; presents a full examination of applications; provides an understanding of the foundations; examines education powered by AI, entertainment, home and service robots, healthcare re-imagined, predictive policing, space exploration; and so much more, all within the realm of AI. This book will feature: Uncovering new and innovative features of AI and how it can help in raising economic efficiency at both micro- and macro levels Both the literature and practical aspects of AI and its uses This book summarizing key concepts at the end of each chapter to assist reader comprehension Case studies of tried and tested approaches to resolutions of typical problems Ideal for both teaching and general-knowledge purposes. This book will also simply provide the topic of AI for the readers, aspiring researchers and practitioners involved in management and computer science, so they can obtain a high-level of understanding of AI and managerial applications.

This book provides the key fundamental principles, classifications, recent developments, as well as different applications of additive manufacturing technologies. A comprehensive overview of the different classes is given, covering polymer-based, metal-based and ceramic-based systems. Special topics such as bioprinting and 4D printing are also introduced. The authors discuss the technological aspects of additive manufacturing in a very clear and understandable way, delivered with the help of self-illustrating artworks. This book is particularly designed to suit the curriculum requirements of undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in Mechanical Engineering, Material Science, Product Design and Development, Biomedical Engineering, Automobile and Aerospace Engineering, and other closely related domains. Manufacturing professionals working in similar fields may also wish to read it as a refresher and to catch up on recent advances.

This book provides the key fundamental principles, classifications, recent developments, as well as different applications of additive manufacturing technologies. A comprehensive overview of the different classes is given, covering polymer-based, metal-based and ceramic-based systems. Special topics such as bioprinting and 4D printing are also introduced. The authors discuss the technological aspects of additive manufacturing in a very clear and understandable way, delivered with the help of self-illustrating artworks. This book is particularly designed to suit the curriculum requirements of undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in Mechanical Engineering, Material Science, Product Design and Development, Biomedical Engineering, Automobile and Aerospace Engineering, and other closely related domains. Manufacturing professionals working in similar fields may also wish to read it as a refresher and to catch up on recent advances.

The City of Manchester, once the birthplace of the 1st Industrial Revolution, is today a pioneering hub of the 4th Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), offering Industry 4.0 solutions in advanced materials, engineering, healthcare and social sciences. Indeed, the creation of some of the city's greatest academic institutions was a direct outcome of the industrial revolution, so it was something of a homecoming that the Sustainable Smart Manufacturing (S2M) Conference was hosted by The University of Manchester in 2019. The conference was jointly organised by The University of Manchester, The University of Lisbon and The Polytechnic of Leiria - the latter two bringing in a wealth of expertise in how Industry 4.0 manifests itself in the context of sustainably evolving, deeply-rooted cities. S2M-2019 instigated the development of 61 papers selected for publication in this book on areas of Smart Manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing and Virtual Prototyping, Materials for Healthcare Applications and Circular Economy, Design Education, and Urban Spaces.

This book covers 3D printing activities by fused deposition modeling process. The two introductory chapters discuss the principle, types of machines and raw materials, process parameters, defects, design variations and simulation methods. Six chapters are devoted to experimental work related to process improvement, mechanical testing and characterization of the process, followed by three chapters on post-processing of 3D printed components and two chapters addressing sustainability concerns. Seven chapters discuss various applications including composites, external medical devices, drug delivery system, orthotic inserts, watertight components and 4D printing using FDM process. Finally, six chapters are dedicated to the study on modeling and optimization of FDM process using computational models, evolutionary algorithms, machine learning, metaheuristic approaches and optimization of layout and tool path.

This book presents nanomaterials as predicted by computational modelling and numerical simulation tools, and confirmed by modern experimental techniques. It begins by summarizing basic theoretical methods, then giving both a theoretical and experimental treatment of how alkali metal clusters develop into nanostructures, as influenced by the cluster's "magic number" of atoms. The book continues with a discussion of atomic clusters and nanostructures, focusing primarily on boron and carbon, exploring, in detail, the one-, two-, and three-dimensional structures of boron and carbon, and describing their myriad potential applications in nanotechnology, from nanocoating and nanosensing to nanobatteries with high borophene capacity. The broad discussion of computational modelling as well as the specific applications to boron and carbon, make this book an essential reference resource for materials scientists in this field of research.

This book presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Trends in Materials and Devices (ICRTMD 2019) held in India. It brings together academicians, scientists and industrialists from various fields for the establishment of enduring connections to solve the common global challenges across a number of disciplines. The conference provides a platform to tackle complex problems from a range of perspectives, thereby modeling integrated, solution-focused thinking and partnerships.

People do their best work when they are motivated. This may sound obvious, but while people managers instinctively agree with the centrality of motivation at work and its impact on employee engagement, their practices do not follow. With so much "real work" to do every day, how can managers also carve out time to learn, engage, build relationships, tap motivation, encourage development, and inspire? The problem is a false dichotomy between the world of business and that of people development. What if managers were able to systematically transform everyday business issues into meaningful, developmental coaching opportunities with employees at the same time? This proven coaching approach radically shifts conversations away from either-or propositions and uses an entirely different lens: transforming business challenges by connecting them directly to employee motivation to achieve the desired business result while dramatically increasing employee engagement. And all this comes none too soon as leaders must rethink the way they lead given the modern realities of organizational life. Among them: A rapidly changing workplace and increasing uncertainty that requires a fundamental shift in the leader's approach, including the distribution of authority and the expectation that employees take responsibility for their own learning Pervasive and persistent employee disengagement, characterized by employees who no longer accept the organization's priorities at the expense of their own, where organizations that continue to dictate terms will find ongoing challenges with costly employee turnover and lack of engagement During the past decade, the Developmental Coaching Model has been taught across the globe in nine languages and has been enthusiastically embraced by thousands of managers while dissolving the invisible barriers that block individual and organizational development and business success.

This book introduces Systematic Improvement Planning (SIP), a structured approach to improvement. It draws upon proven industrial engineering and quality improvement tools, along with some of its own, and enables people to make positive changes. SIP is designed to help meet goals, solve problems, and implement ideas. The book provides a comprehensive and detailed framework for operational improvement at all levels of an enterprise.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a fast-growing sector with the ability to evoke a revolution in manufacturing due to its almost unlimited design freedom and its capability to produce personalised parts locally and with efficient material use. AM companies, however, still face technological challenges such as limited precision due to shrinkage, built-in stresses and limited process stability and robustness. Moreover, often post-processing is needed due to high roughness and remaining porosity. Qualified, trained personnel are also in short supply. In recent years, there have been dramatic improvements in AM design methods, process control, post-processing, material properties and material range. However, if AM is going to gain a significant market share, it must be developed into a true precision manufacturing method. The production of precision parts relies on three principles: Production is robust (i.e. all sensitive parameters can be controlled). Production is predictable (for example, the shrinkage that occurs is acceptable because it can be predicted and compensated in the design). Parts are measurable (as without metrology, accuracy, repeatability and quality assurance cannot be known). AM of metals is inherently a high-energy process with many sensitive and inter-related process parameters, making it susceptible to thermal distortions, defects and process drift. The complete modelling of these processes is beyond current computational power, and novel methods are needed to practicably predict performance and inform design. In addition, metal AM produces highly textured surfaces and complex surface features that stretch the limits of contemporary metrology. With so many factors to consider, there is a significant shortage of background material on how to inject precision into AM processes. Shortage in such material is an important barrier for a wider uptake of advanced manufacturing technologies, and a comprehensive book is thus needed. This book aims to inform the reader how to improve the precision of metal AM processes by tackling the three principles of robustness, predictability and metrology, and by developing computer-aided engineering methods that empower rather than limit AM design. Richard Leach is a professor in metrology at the University of Nottingham and heads up the Manufacturing Metrology Team. Prior to this position, he was at the National Physical Laboratory from 1990 to 2014. His primary love is instrument building, from concept to final installation, and his current interests are the dimensional measurement of precision and additive manufactured structures. His research themes include the measurement of surface topography, the development of methods for measuring 3D structures, the development of methods for controlling large surfaces to high resolution in industrial applications and the traceability of X-ray computed tomography. He is a leader of several professional societies and a visiting professor at Loughborough University and the Harbin Institute of Technology. Simone Carmignato is a professor in manufacturing engineering at the University of Padua. His main research activities are in the areas of precision manufacturing, dimensional metrology and industrial computed tomography. He is the author of books and hundreds of scientific papers, and he is an active member of leading technical and scientific societies. He has been chairman, organiser and keynote speaker for several international conferences, and received national and international awards, including the Taylor Medal from CIRP, the International Academy for Production Engineering.

Nanobiotechnology for Sustainable Bioenergy and Biofuel Production provides insights into the most recent innovations, trends, concerns and challenges in the production of biofuels. This book highlights a number of key research topics and practical applications of modern nanomaterials and nanocomposite-driven enzyme biotechnology for biofuels production, including the advances in the nanoscaffolds design (nanomaterials support) for immobilizing bioenergy producing enzymes (nanobiocatalyst system), the recent trends in biomass processing (untreated/treated agriculture and food waste, grasses, algal, etc.) using advanced nanobiocatalysts for biofuels production and the scale-up study of bioenergy production using nanomaterials immobilized enzymes and biofuel harvesting using nanomaterials. At the outset of new nanobiotechnology applications in biofuel production, there is a need for a new resource in the bioenergy field. This book delivers an overview of the contributions of biofuel production and the most up-to-date advances in nanobiotechnology to a diverse audience ranging from post-graduate students to researchers in biochemical engineering, biotechnology, bioremediation and environmental studies and pharmaceutical professionals. Key Features * Outlines the most recent nanobiotechnological advances in biofuels and bioenergy for biofuels productions * Covers biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethane, biohydrogen, biorefineries and biofuel harvesting using nanomaterials * Explains the scale-up nanobiotechnological study of biofuel production at the bioreactor level

Green Productivity and Cleaner Production: A Guidebook for Sustainability focuses on green production processes that could help better achieve global sustainability. It aids readers in realizing the issues with current conventional productivity initiatives and examines the newest methods. Also, it presents numerous real-world applications techniques, which allows users the ability to apply the most appropriate solutions for their situations. Further, it explains measures to achieve green productivity and cleaner production to help maintain high quality, sustainable production chains while simultaneously conserving natural resources and reducing waste. Features: Examines the core theories and techniques for green productivity, waste management, end-of-pipe treatment methods, sustainable production technologies, and cleaner production Written with a simple and easily understandable presentation, applicable for both undergraduate students and practicing professionals alike Provides guidance on how to use different tools and techniques in various problem-solving scenarios Focuses on greening production processes as an initiation to achieve global environmental sustainability Includes numerous illustrations, along with practical examples and tools helpful for readers to understand and apply the approaches presented throughout The subjects covered in Green Productivity and Cleaner Production: A Guidebook for Sustainability are of interest to students, researchers, academicians, and professionals in various industries.

Get in Gear: The Seven Gears that Drive Strategy to Results (978-0-367-47149-1, 335422) Shelving Guide: Business and Management/Leadership/Strategy Only 10% to 25% of organizations get it right when it comes to achieving the expected results from their strategic planning. This means 75% to 90% of them are leaving results on the table and wasting their time on things that don't matter. Almost a decade ago, a major steel manufacturer approached Sean Ryan and his team to help them think through how to better convert strategy to results. This was the catalyst for the seven gears that translate strategy to results found in Strategy-Execution-Results (SXR (TM)). Why Gears? Gears transmit energy. The more aligned they are and the less friction in their chain, the better they function. Leaders can easily identify the gear creating the most friction and then take action to better align that gear with the strategy generating better results. This creates momentum to improve the alignment and performance of other gears. This approach also emphasizes the ways everyone in the organization has some influence over every gear. Based on Sean Ryan's consulting and training with organizations from start-ups to the Fortune 100, he's found that these performance gears drive better results. You'll employ them to align your goals with your strategy, create visible scorecards to know whether or not you're on track, and identify the critical behaviors and actions that will drive performance. Readers will use this book to point their efforts toward getting meaningful results from their strategy. As noted in the Harvard Business Review: "The prize for closing the strategy-performance gap is huge: increasing performance by at least 50% for most organizations." After moving beyond their initial amazement of just how misaligned they were, they'll be able to quickly apply the seven gears to sell better and more, drive down costs, improve quality and safety, and recruit talent for the future. In addition, there's nothing in this book that has not been applied in actual business settings. While companies could use the SXR (TM) Framework to overhaul their organization top to bottom, they'll also appreciate that they don't have to change everything at once to make progress. Upon understanding each of the gears and how to create Follow-up and Follow-through, they'll be able to improve any gear to start seeing strategic outcomes. You've got it in Gear, now Stay in Gear. Join the Strategy-Execution-Results Community: www.wwici.com/Gearheads.

Research in cognitive science over the last 30 years shows much of what we know about culture in the business world is based on myth, wishful thinking, outdated science, or is just plain wrong. This is why culture-shaping and change programs in organizations often amount to little more than sloganeering with minimal impact on the lived experience of employees. This book bridges the gap between the latest research on cognitive science and culture, providing a valuable guide for change leaders, CEOs, and practitioners on how to sustainably work with and change this important resource. It answers many of the major questions that have plagued culture work, such as: Why so many CEOs and management consultants preach culture change when so few culture interventions actually succeed Why CEOs persist in believing "culture starts at the top" when virtually no research in anthropology supports that claim Why most culture shaping approaches have no answer for how to affect culture in global companies Why culture doesn't cause us to do anything, yet we persist in believing that somehow it does Why so many culture-shaping projects focus on corporate values despite the fact modern science shows why changing personal values is exceedingly difficult What we are learning about culture from the last 30 years of cognitive science gives us the foundation for far more impactful and sustainable interventions than have been possible to date. This book explains why, showing how everyday business practices well beyond HR are key to culture change. Why? Because the brain's synaptic plasticity can only be altered through new sustained and widespread organizational habits and routines. This groundbreaking, practical guide will show you finally how to realize the full power of culture as a transformational, empowering, and competitive resource.

Get in Gear: The Seven Gears that Drive Strategy to Results (978-0-367-47149-1, 335422) Shelving Guide: Business and Management/Leadership/Strategy Only 10% to 25% of organizations get it right when it comes to achieving the expected results from their strategic planning. This means 75% to 90% of them are leaving results on the table and wasting their time on things that don't matter. Almost a decade ago, a major steel manufacturer approached Sean Ryan and his team to help them think through how to better convert strategy to results. This was the catalyst for the seven gears that translate strategy to results found in Strategy-Execution-Results (SXR (TM)). Why Gears? Gears transmit energy. The more aligned they are and the less friction in their chain, the better they function. Leaders can easily identify the gear creating the most friction and then take action to better align that gear with the strategy generating better results. This creates momentum to improve the alignment and performance of other gears. This approach also emphasizes the ways everyone in the organization has some influence over every gear. Based on Sean Ryan's consulting and training with organizations from start-ups to the Fortune 100, he's found that these performance gears drive better results. You'll employ them to align your goals with your strategy, create visible scorecards to know whether or not you're on track, and identify the critical behaviors and actions that will drive performance. Readers will use this book to point their efforts toward getting meaningful results from their strategy. As noted in the Harvard Business Review: "The prize for closing the strategy-performance gap is huge: increasing performance by at least 50% for most organizations." After moving beyond their initial amazement of just how misaligned they were, they'll be able to quickly apply the seven gears to sell better and more, drive down costs, improve quality and safety, and recruit talent for the future. In addition, there's nothing in this book that has not been applied in actual business settings. While companies could use the SXR (TM) Framework to overhaul their organization top to bottom, they'll also appreciate that they don't have to change everything at once to make progress. Upon understanding each of the gears and how to create Follow-up and Follow-through, they'll be able to improve any gear to start seeing strategic outcomes. You've got it in Gear, now Stay in Gear. Join the Strategy-Execution-Results Community: www.wwici.com/Gearheads.

This book is intended to be a textbook for undergraduate students studying electrical and electronic engineering in universities and colleges. Therefore, the level and amount of the knowledge to be transferred to the reader is kept to as much as what can be taught in one academic semester of a university or a college course. Although the subject is rather classical and somehow well established in some respects, it is vast and can be difficult to grasp if unnecessary details are not avoided. This book is aimed to give the reader just what is necessary - with plenty of short and easily understandable examples and drawings, figures, and tables. A course on electromechanical energy conversion is a necessity in all universities and colleges entitled to grant a license for electrical engineering. This book is aimed at meeting the requirements of this essential subject by providing necessary information to complete the course. A compact chapter is included with figures and tables on energy and the restraints on its production brought about by global climate change. A new approach has been tried for some of the classic subjects including magnetic circuits and electrical machines together with today's much-used motors.

Sharing Best Practices across industries and functions is an accepted approach to continuous improvement. The Benchmarking trend of the 1990s has evolved with the help of competitive analysis, performance excellence awards, and other corporate recognition programs into an ongoing documentation of what works. Bob Camp introduced benchmarking against a Best Practice based on his work at Xerox in the 1980s. Case studies abound documenting Best Practice functions and processes. Some case studies use the words "Best Practice" without evidence that the process, results, or methods are, indeed, superior. What is missing is a comprehensive model for assessing and writing a Best Practice that provides sufficient information to use as an effective benchmark. This book provides that comprehensive model. Today's consumers expect products and services to be of high quality, reliable, and user-friendly. This is the result of years of continuous improvement and innovation by producers. Although many organizations strive for excellent results, there is still room for improvement. Unfortunately, leaders don't always have methods and tools to measure or assess that degree of excellence. If leaders could use a tool to discover how good their approaches and methods are, and how excellent their achieved results are, they could plan further improvements. The goal is to achieve excellent results. The tool described in this book guides leaders to achieve that excellence.

How can we increase the number of exceptional leaders in our organizations? Why is it that, despite having the best minds and hands at work, organizations aren't seeing a significant increase in their financial numbers? How can the maximum number of people continuously generate fabulous results for themselves and for their organizations? These are some of the most pressing questions currently in organizations and form the basis for Achieving Unstoppable Success in Any Economy. This book presents the seven divine mantras for business leaders, corporate heads, entrepreneurs, and professionals to maximize leadership potential. With masterful insight and brilliant simplicity, Payal Nanjiani has distilled some of the most powerful leadership and success wisdom available for both professional and personal leadership into seven practical lessons that leaders, managers, and entrepreneurs can immediately apply to send morale and productivity soaring in these challenging and uncertain business times. Known for her coaching and consulting work with many of the world's leading CEOs and organizations, Payal helps business professionals understand the significance of the I-Power in leadership. It highlights with certainty that for anyone to achieve unstoppable success in their job and business, and for any organization to be successful, it's the leader who must be unstoppable first. This book serves as a wake-up call-it's time individuals and organizations change the way they approach the human side of business, of leadership, and of success. Our society and the world at large cannot continue to withstand the increasing shortage of exceptional leaders and the widening gap between the successful few and the unsuccessful many. The challenge must be addressed in new ways to develop exceptional leaders who can deal with the immense complexities and business challenges of today. This book serves as a guide to an organic growth of people who lead and succeed regardless of the economy. The book is designed to help you become a highly inner-self-directed individual and take your leadership and business to new levels. It offers seven divine mantras that will enable you and your colleagues to move through hardship and achieve unstoppable success regardless of the economy. You will discover how to strategically direct your inner leader to leverage your potential. Ultimately, this deeply inspiring book reveals a remarkable step-by-step system that will restore trust, commitment, and spirit within your organization while transforming the way you think, act, and behave in the process. For more than 21 years, Payal Nanjiani has been sharing with Fortune 500 companies and many of the most successful entrepreneurs her success formulas that has made her one of the most sought-after leadership advisors in the world. Now, for the first time, through this book Payal makes her proprietary process available to you, so that you can deliver your best while helping your organization break through to a new level of success regardless of the economy. "In a world where burn out is becoming more common, it is imperative for leaders to constantly undergo self-reflection and assess their inner well-being and take stock of their emotions and encourage their team to do so as well. Emotional pain, if not tackled, could take a toll on innovation and productivity leading to a trickle-down negative effect. This book by Payal Nanjiani helps leaders undergo that much-needed self-reflection and solve the critical problem of productivity." Senthil Radhakrishnan, Administrative Chief and Clinical Neurosurgical PA at Duke "Payal gives practical tips to show that a positive attitude and small incremental changes can give you the ability to stand out and lead with or without authority. A must-read for a natural leader at any level!" Michelle Proctor, Principal Business Operations Officer "In Payal's latest book, she shares profoundly deep insights and amazing motivation for everyone to develop the mindset of leadership." Swami Mukundanda, renowned spiritual Guru "While there is no perfect formula for success as a leader, author Payal provides us with some intriguing insights on how working with our inner self can set us up on the track to be a successful leader." Shankari Rajangam, Ph.D., Neuroscientist, Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke

Applied Systems Analysis: Science and Art of Solving Real-Life Problems Subject Guide: Engineering - Industrial and Manufacturing Any activity is aimed at solving certain problems, which means transferring a system from an existing unsatisfactory problematic state to a desired state. The success or failure of the system depends on how its natural properties were implemented during the planning of improvement and intervention state. This book covers the theory and experience of successfully solving problems in a practical and general way. This book includes a general survey of modern systems analysis; offers several original results; presents the latest methodological and technological results of the theory of systems; introduces achievements; and discusses the transition from the ideology of the machine age to the ideology of the systems age. This book will be of interest to both professionals and academicians.

The author has spent approximately 50 years in the field of systems engineering. This Focus book provides a "looking back" at his 50-year run and the lessons he learned and would like to share with other engineers, so they can use these lessons in their day-to-day work in systems engineering and related fields. The book is written from a systems engineering perspective. It offers 50 lessons learned working for a variety of different companies, which can be used across many other engineering fields. The book will be of interested to students and engineers across many fields, as well as students and engineers working in business and management fields.

Humanhairisananocompositebiological?ber. Maintainingthehealth,feel,shine, color,softness,andoverallaestheticsofthehairishighlydesired. Haircarepr- ucts such as shampoos and conditioners, along with damaging processes such as chemical dyeing and permanent wave treatments, affect the maintenance and groomingprocessandareimportanttostudybecausetheyaltermanyhairprop- ties. Nanoscalecharacterizationofthecellularstructure,mechanicalproperties,and morphological, frictional,andadhesive properties(tribologicalproperties)ofhair areessentialtoevaluateanddevelopbettercosmeticproductsandtoadvancethe understandingofbiologicalandcosmeticscience. Theatomic/frictionforcemic- scope(AFM/FFM)andnanoindenterhavebecomeimportanttoolsforstudyingthe micro/nanoscalepropertiesofhumanhair. Inthisbook,wepresentacomprehensive review of structural, nanomechanical, and nanotribological properties of various hairandskinasafunctionofethnicity,damage,conditioningtreatment,andvarious environments. Variouscellularstructuresofhumanhairand?nesublamellarstr- turesofthecuticleareidenti?edandstudied. Nanomechanicalpropertiessuchas hardness,elasticmodulus,tensiledeformation,fatigue,creep,andscratchresistance arediscussed. Nanotribologicalpropertiessuchasroughness,friction,andadhesion are presented, as well as investigations of conditioner distribution, thickness, and bindinginteractions. Tounderstandtheelectrostaticchargebuilduponhair,surface potentialstudiesarealsopresented. Thebookshouldserveasareferencebookonthebiophysicsofhumanhairand hairtreatments. TheresearchreportedinthisbookwassupportedbyProcter&GambleCo. in Cincinnati,Ohio,andKobe,Japan. IwouldliketothankCarmenLaTorrewhohad assistedinvariouspublicationsonhairresearch. Iwouldalsoliketothankmywife Sudha,whohasbeenforbearingduringthepreparationofthisbook. Powell,OH BharatBhushan November2010 v Contents 1 Introduction-Human Hair, Skin, and Hair Care Products...1 1. 1 HumanHair ...1 1. 1. 1 TheCuticle ...3 1. 1. 2 TheCortexandMedulla...6 1. 2 Skin...7 1. 3 HairCare:CleaningandConditioningTreatments,andDamaging Processes ...10 1. 3. 1 CleaningandConditioningTreatments:Shampoo andConditioner...13 1. 3. 2 DamagingProcesses...18 1. 4 OrganizationoftheBook ...19 2 Experimental Methods...21 2. 1 ExperimentalApparatuses...23 2. 2 ExperimentalProcedure ...26 2. 2. 1 StructuralCharacterizationUsinganAFM...26 2. 2. 2 SurfacePotentialStudiesUsingAFM-Based KelvinProbeMicroscopy...29 2. 2. 3 NanomechanicalCharacterizationUsingNanoindentation ...30 2. 2. 4 InSituTensileDeformationCharacterizationUsingAFM ...32 2. 2. 5 Macroscale Tribological Characterization UsingaFrictionTestApparatus...33 2. 2. 6 Micro/nanotribologicalCharacterizationUsinganAFM...35 2. 3 HairandSkinSamples ...41 3 Structural Characterization Using an AFM ...45 3. 1 StructureofHairCrossSectionandLongitudinalSection ...45 3. 1. 1 CrossSectionofHair...45 3. 1. 2 LongitudinalSectionofHair...45 3. 2 StructureofVariousCuticleLayers...48 3. 2. 1 VirginHair...48 vii viii Contents 3. 2. 2 ChemicallyDamagedHair...50 3. 2. 3 Conditioner-TreatedHair...52 3. 2. 4 EffectofHumidityonMorphologyandCellularStructure ofHairSurface...54 3. 3 Summary...55 4 Nanomechanical Characterization Using Nanoindentation, Nanoscratch, and AFM...57 4. 1 Hardness,Young'sModulus,andCreep...

As society rapidly increases in complexity, we are in great need of sustainable leadership in accord with beliefs and values as we experience continuous changes. The Courage to Lead through Values: How Management by Values Supports Transformational Leadership, Culture, and Success is about having the courage to lead through the implementation of agreed-upon values. In addition, it's about the courage it takes to never cease doing this. However, it's not enough to simply be aware of the importance of constantly working with values and ethics - effective leadership based on values and ethics means taking the time to actually do it. This book tackles this issue by providing you with clear examples of how to implement incorporating values and ethics in your everyday leadership. In business, you face challenges when you must choose between efficiency, analysis of results, and goals versus actively working on values and ethics. This book will argue that one doesn't need to compete with the other and it posits that one supports the other. As the world is rapidly growing in complexity and we are facing new challenges and expectations, we must find ways to achieve sustainable lives, businesses, and societies. The author strongly believes that values are the key. By using the methodology Management by Values (MBV), under the mentorship of its founder, Professor Simon L. Dolan, the book is well-anchored in research. Ten years ago, a new school was founded in a medium-sized town in Sweden -- Internationella Engelska Skolan Sundsvall. It started with a staff of 20 and 250 students. Today the staff has grown to 120 members with nearly 1100 students attending. In 2019, it was considered one of the best schools in Sweden. The principal, Pascal Brisson, in many ways epitomizes the school and its success. Through in-depth interviews with the principal and colleagues, previous staff, executives within the organization and students, the author amassed information to provide a factual and engaging story of the school's journey from a leadership perspective. It becomes clear how implementing shared values and the principal's courage to never stop actively working with values as a management tool is a recipe for the success of an organization. The book invites you into a conversation about leadership. It includes the author's personal reflections on historical management methodology and on challenges of today. As you follow the ten-year journey of a successful leader in one of our society's most complex organizations, a school, you do this in the light of Management by Values. Essentially, this book gives the reader concrete tools and examples of how to use values as a management tool. This is told through several different themes relevant to all organizations -- organizational culture, creating teams, inspiring motivation, and handling stress.