This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Nutrition is not only a basic need that all humans have to sustain life, but it is also critical to successful early development. This research compendium lends deeper insights into the links between nutrition and healthy brain function-and from the reverse perspective, between nutrition and neurocognitive disorders. This well-organized and accessible compendium offers a vital research context for policymakers, educators, medical providers, and families. It underlines our urgent responsibility to give children a strong start by improving prenatal and early childhood nutrition.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This collection of timely chapters presents a nuanced study of environmental toxins and the risks they pose to children's development. The book details the impact of a number of commonplace environmental toxins, focusing on everyday exposure to tobacco smoke, lead, pesticides, and flame retardants. There is growing recognition that the impact of the environment on children's health is of critical importance for both current and future generations. In the last half-century, thousands of chemicals have been introduced into the environment with limited-although growing-research on the consequences of exposure. It has been proven that children and adolescents are far more vulnerable than adults to these environmental toxins by virtue of children's behaviors, higher metabolic rate, greater skin area relative to their volume, and still developing organ systems. Increased number of ear infections, poor asthma control, and learning disabilities are just some of the adverse outcomes that have been noted. This well-researched book: * Presents detailed information on why children are more vulnerable to everyday toxins * Discusses why new approaches to medical care are necessary that take into account children's unique physiology and development * Offers well-defined research on tobacco smoking on prenatal development as well as children's exposure to tobacco smoke during their early years, particularly the evidence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms * Examines the possible health effects of children born to mothers living in areas of natural gas development * Looks at the health effects of childhood exposure to environmental lead, using GIS technology to study areas of potentially high lead concentrations * Discusses the possible effects of agricultural pesticides on children's health during gestation * Presents studies on prenatal and adolescent exposure to PBDEs used as flame retardants in many household and commercial products to prevent fire This valuable book, edited by a pediatric clinician at Boston's Children's Hospital, provides a wealth of information on this important issue. The book concludes with an article by the World Health Organization, which offers a practical and comprehensive summary of a series of action steps. The book aims to create greater awareness to spur additional research, provide vital information to clinicians, and send a powerful message to government officials, putting pressure on them to develop policies that improve the quality of the environment and spare children the detrimental effects of such exposures.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Child obesity is a serious condition that affects children around the world in growing numbers. With obesity comes an increased risk of other chronic diseases as well, making it even more important to understand and treat this condition from a variety of angles. This current volume seeks to understand the phenomenon of child obesity and presents a range of viewpoints on its prevalence, causes, and treatments. The different sections contained within explore the following topics: * The worldwide prevalence of childhood obesity and its growing effect on children * The causes of childhood obesity and the complex interactions of genetic, environmental, social, and medical factors that contribute to its development * Proposed treatments, some intervention-based and others that aim to change how food is marketed and sold to youth This reference volume offers a comprehensive and thorough guide to a field that is rapidly expanding and points to new directions in research and public policy. Edited by a doctor with extensive experience as a researcher, writer, and medical practitioner, The Childhood Obesity Epidemic is an authoritative and easy-to-use reference that provides resources for researchers in the field, students, and anyone who wishes to gain an overview to this important field of study.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Research into the effects of child abuse has experienced an explosion over the last few decades, resulting in a far more wide-ranging understanding of this grave societal problem. This compendium volume collects some of the most recent research and organizes it within three categories: societal effects, effects on health (including mental health) behaviors, and epigenetic effects. Specific topics include the associations between childhood abuse and the following factors: Juvenile sexual offending Juvenile delinquency Adult aggression Cognitive development Adult smoking Sleep patterns Suicidal behaviors Psychopathology Epigenomic mechanisms Edited by a Harvard developmental behavioral pediatrician, this important compendium offers state-of-the-art knowledge to professionals and graduate students in the helping fields. The articles collected here provide researchers with foundations for further investigations, while they give active professionals greater power in the fight against child abuse.

Multicultural Child Maltreatment Risk Assessment provides detailed descriptions of child maltreatment assessment and key strategies for culturally informed risk assessment in families. The book presents a new model for evaluating families that includes cultural competence, a conceptualization of adequate parenting, and strategies for reflective decision making. Chapters address a range of factors including race, ethnicity, religion, gender, and sexuality. Ten case studies, each including discussion prompts, challenge the reader to apply forensic evaluation techniques for effective and ethical decision making in complex and ambiguous cases. Both experienced mental health providers and students will come away from the book with a deeper understanding of child maltreatment and its effects, models and modes of assessment, and factors that place families at greater risk.

Multicultural Child Maltreatment Risk Assessment provides detailed descriptions of child maltreatment assessment and key strategies for culturally informed risk assessment in families. The book presents a new model for evaluating families that includes cultural competence, a conceptualization of adequate parenting, and strategies for reflective decision making. Chapters address a range of factors including race, ethnicity, religion, gender, and sexuality. Ten case studies, each including discussion prompts, challenge the reader to apply forensic evaluation techniques for effective and ethical decision making in complex and ambiguous cases. Both experienced mental health providers and students will come away from the book with a deeper understanding of child maltreatment and its effects, models and modes of assessment, and factors that place families at greater risk.

This book connects experts in the field of child assessment to provide child psychiatrists with knowledge in evaluation and educational programming. The book provides a review of the latest science behind: common learning disabilities, including etiology and guidelines for assessment/diagnosis; neurodevelopmental disorders, like learning disabilities, ADHD; psychiatric disorders in childhood such as mood and anxiety disorders; and impact learning and development protocols. The Massachusetts General Hospital Guide to Learning Disabilities evaluates the interventions that are effective in addressing these learning challenges in the context of multiple factors in a way that no other current text does. Special topics such as special education law and managing the needs of transitional age youth allow psychiatrists to support their patients' and their families as they navigate the system. By offering a better understanding the learning needs of their patients, this texts gives readers the tools to consult with families and educators regarding how to address the learning needs of their patients at school and in other settings. The Massachusetts General Hospital Guide to Learning Disabilities is a vital took for child psychiatrists, students, assessment professionals, and other professionals studying or working with children suffering from learning disabilities.

In this issue of Clinics in Perinatology, Guest Editors Anup Katheria and Lisa Stellwagen bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Care for the Term Newborn. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as delivery room triage and transitions of care; early onset sepsis; congenital infections; postnatal screening & testing; and more. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews on Care for the Term Newborn, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews. Contains 14 relevant, practice-oriented topics including Umbilical Cord Management for vigorous and non-vigorous infants; Fetal Circulation and Critical Congenital Cardiac Disease; Alternative Birth Practices, Refusal, and Therapeutic Hesitancy; Prenatal Substance Exposure; and more.

The book Gamete and Embryo-fetalOrigins of Adult Diseases introduces various diseases resulting from the abnormal gametogenesis and embryo development, which manifests as growth retardation, birth defects, or increased susceptibility to chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer in childhood and adult life, even fertility disorders and the risk of transgenerational transmission. Six common kinds of these diseases are discussed in separate chapters. The authors explore the connections between these diseases and epigenetic reprogramming, rapid cell differentiation and organ formation and environmental influences, including assisted reproductive technology and adverse intrauterine environments. With a summary of findings on the causes and progression of adult diseases at the phase of gametogenesis and embryo development, this book provides insights into the pathogenesis of disease and aids in the treatment and prevention of disease, meeting the requirement for improving the quality of the newborn population, and effectively preventing and curing major diseases at an early stage. This book offers new perspectives and will be an enlightening resource for obstetricians, paediatricians, epidemiologists, endocrinologists and sanitarians.

Editor He-Feng Huang, M.D., is Professor and President of Women s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China. Editor Jian-Zhong Sheng, Ph.D., is Professor at the Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China."

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Childhood obesity is a major public health crisis nationally and internationally. This insightful compendium provides valuable information and assesses the research foundations behind several school initiatives to help combat the epidemic of obesity in children and adolescents, particularly using interventions to increase physical activity. The book looks at the issue from three levels: first, the effects of unhealthy eating and lack of exercise on a number of health outcomes in children and adolescents; second, successful small- and large-scale school-based interventions; and finally, synthesis of current literature and translation into specific guidelines and recommendations. Specific topics addressed in the book include: * The appeal and benefits of outdoor versus indoor activity * Cultural differences in physical activity * Successful interventions and their continued success, or lack of, after several years * The roles of family and community interventions * Staff involvement in children's physical activities * Specific programs, such as Plant Health, an antismoking intervention with unintended obesity intervention * Establishing healthy habits in youth This research provides schools with a strong foundation for implementing policies and practices that support healthy eating and regular physical activity. In the process, educators will be ensuring the best possible chance for increasing students' academic success, improving both physical and mental health, and decreasing the risk for myriad chronic diseases.

Nutrients play a significant role in brain development throughout fetal and postnatal life. This book reviews the evidence from animal and human research, highlighting the influence of specific nutrients on brain function and cognitive development. With a unique, integrative approach to the nutritional, environmental, and genetic influences on brain development, the book examines issues such as single versus multiple limiting nutrients, critical periods of deficiency, and the impact of the child-parent relationship on the architecture of the developing brain. The effect of undernutrition on the developing brain of infants and young children can be devastating and enduring. It can impede behavioural and cognitive development and educability, thereby undermining future work productivity. Chapter authors are experts in this field of research and provide an up-to-date insight into the role of the individual nutrients in brain development and function.

Infant, Child and Adolescent Nutrition: A Practical Guide, Second Edition, is an evidence-based, practical guide introducing readers to the theory behind optimal child nutrition. Containing practical advice on how to put that theory into practice, this new edition facilitates learning through case studies, key points, and learning activities. Divided into seven sections, chapters cover prenatal nutrition and nutrition throughout childhood from preterm babies to adolescents up to the age of 18. Sections throughout focus on topics ranging from nutrient requirements, balanced eating patterns and common problems to cultural influences on food choices and guidelines on assessing growth and dietary intakes. Prevention and management of obesity and allergies are covered in separate chapters. The first 1000 days are given particular consideration with chapters on diets for preconception, pregnancy, milk feeding and complementary feeding during infancy. The chapter on nutritional treatments covers common conditions such as diabetes and Crohn's disease, as well as more intricate feeding regimes and tube feeding required for children with rarer diseases and syndromes. New in this second edition are: * Changes in in food allergy prevention and oral immunotherapy treatments. * Causes and management strategies to deal with fussy and selective eating in toddlers. * The importance of iodine in diets before and during pregnancy to improve children's cognitive abilities. * Updated recommendations on vitamin D supplementation. This second edition is an essential reading for students taking courses in nutrition and paediatric healthcare. It serves as a useful reference for individuals responsible for the nutritional intakes of children in primary care and community settings including early years practitioners, midwives, health visitors, school nurses and governors, social workers, paediatricians and general practitioners. About the Author Judy More BSc, RD, RN is a Paediatric Dietitian, Honorary Lecturer at the University of Plymouth, UK and Director of Child-nutrition.co.uk Ltd, London, UK.

Quick, one-stop guide to neonatal resuscitation steps. Printed on flexible plastic with self-adhesive mounting strips. Size: 22" x 34

Increasingly, global humanitarian efforts are focusing on improving the lives of children. And among the developing world, the African nations are particularly affected by extreme weather conditions, devastating pandemics, and armed conflict. Neurocognitive science offers significant avenues toward bringing needed aid to the continent while creating a template for helping children worldwide.

The studies in "Neuropsychology of Children in Africa" clearly illustrate how the brain develops and adjusts in the face of adversity. Contributors span assessment approaches and public health risk factors, and represent established topics and emerging lines of research, including biocultural constructs and genomic technologies. Together, these chapters argue for methodology that is culturally sensitive, scientifically rigorous, consistent, and sustainable. And although the focus is pediatric, the book takes a lifespan approach to prevention and intervention, modeling a universal framework for understanding neurocognitive development. Included in the coverage:

Assessment of very young children in Africa in the context of HIV.Psychosocial aspects of malnutrition among African children.Assessment of neuropsychological outcomes in pediatric severe malaria.Neurodisability screening using the Ten Questions questionnaire.The neuropsychology of sickle cell disease in West African children.Computerized Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy for African children.

As a guide to current findings or a springboard for new studies, "Neuropsychology of Children in Africa" is a necessary reference for researchers, policymakers, and diverse professionals in global aid organizations, and across the discipline.

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This expert volume in the Diagnostic Pathology series is an excellent point-of-care resource for practitioners at all levels of experience and training. Covering all areas of nonneoplastic pediatric pathology, it incorporates the most recent clinical, pathologic, and molecular knowledge in this challenging field to provide a comprehensive overview of all key issues relevant to today's practice. Richly illustrated and easy to use, Diagnostic Pathology: Nonneoplastic Pediatrics is a one-stop reference for accurate, complete pathology reports, ideal as a day-to-day reference for both pediatric and general pathologists or as a reliable training resource. Provides a clear framework for a better understanding of the clinical and histopathologic appearances of more than 270 nonneoplastic entities, covering every organ system with a focus on reactive, infectious, congenital, and genetic conditions Covers significant advances in this complex field, including recent molecular discoveries and updated disease entities, new information on multiple immunologic disorders, changes and expansions to several classification systems (such as WHO, Banff, and ISSVA), and updates in other scoring systems Contains new chapters on manifestations of pediatric COVID-19 infection, tumoral calcinosis, multiple skeletal dysplasia, skeletal muscle, collagenous gastritis and colitis, adenovirus appendicitis, intestinal pseudoobstruction, disorders of sexual development, and Kikuchi disease Includes approximately 3,000 high-quality clinical and histologic images, gross pathology images, radiologic images, and full-color illustrations to help practicing and in-training pathologists reach a confident diagnosis-as well as nearly 200 additional images online Employs consistently templated chapters and bulleted content for quick, expert reference at the point of care Includes an eBook version that enables you to access all text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud

Play for Health Across the Lifespan uses case studies to explore the impact of play and creativity on health and wellbeing throughout the lifecycle. While play at the start of life influences future development, the authors show play also has a role in improving prospects for health and wellbeing in adulthood and later life. A relational approach to health and wellbeing emphasizes the dynamic, mutually influential relationship between individual development and the changing contexts of our lives. Our personal play history is one feature of this dynamic process, and this book explores how the experience of play throughout the life course sculpts and resculpts the shape of our lives: our physical health, our mental wellbeing, and our relationship to the people and the world around us. Storytelling has been used since the beginning of time to communicate important life lessons in an engaging way. Taking inspiration from Shakespeare's 'Seven Ages of Man', the book uses a case-story approach to differentiate the stages of development and to present evidence for how play and playful experiences impact on health and wellbeing from birth to the end of life in the context of temporal and situational change. Each chapter in Play for Health Across the Lifespan introduces relevant evidence-based research on play and health, before presenting several narrative 'case stories', which illustrate the application of play theory and the neuroscience of play as they relate to each life stage. With contributions from specialists in health and education, community organizations and the creative and performing arts, this book will appeal to academics, students, and practitioners who are interested in exploring the role of play in addressing contemporary challenges to our physical, mental, and social health.

This manual provides those working in neonatal intensive care units with precise instructions on the diagnosis and management of common neonatal problems. It also provides invaluable guidance for trainees in pediatrics, neonatology, and neonatal nursing.

This textbook provides an overview of child and adolescent mental health. The text covers all core aspects on the subject, from the importance of knowing why mental health in children is important, to how to assess, formulate and treat a variety of presentations seen in children and young people. Beginning with an overview of conditions and the background to emotional and behavioural problems, the book examines the different models and tools used to assess and treat children and young people and provides an outline of the practitioners working to help this population. Chapters consider the many diverse identities and groups within the population, addressing specific problems encountered in children, young people and their families from different cultural backgrounds. This revised edition addresses issues of current public debate such as gender identity and the role of social media in children's and young people's development and behaviour. Featuring authors from a variety of clinical and research backgrounds, this fully revised third edition is an important resource for all professionals working with children, young people and their families, including student and practitioner psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, mental health nurses and social care specialists.

Of all children reported to child protective services for suspected maltreatment in any form, the percentage of substantiated cases of actual physical abuse is quite small. There are a number of dermatological or radiologically demonstrable musculoskeletal lesions that have been, or could be mistaken for, intentional physical abuse by the inexperienced or untrained observer.

Child Abuse and Its Mimics in Skin and Bone illustrates the classic manifestations of physical abuse by dermatological and radiological examination as a standard against which the mimickers of physical abuse can be compared. Beginning with a historical perspective on child abuse, the book explores manifestations of superficial and musculoskeletal trauma in children. It examines conditions often mistaken for child abuse, ranging from rubella to leukemia and bowing deformities to vitamin A intoxication, as well as a plethora of dermatological conditions that can mimic signs of physical abuse.

Designed for a broad spectrum of individuals who may first encounter a possibly abused child, the book presents hundreds of photos many in color and examples collected by the authors over their years of experience in their respective fields. Where appropriate, the authors provide pertinent historical, physical, and laboratory information in support of the diagnosis.

With the combined insight of top experts in forensic radiology and dermatology, this volume enables clinicians and others confronted with cases involving these conditions to avoid a rush to judgment that could wreak havoc in a family and quite possibly delay needed treatment for an actual medical condition.

In this issue of Clinics in Perinatology, guest editors Joseph B. Cantey and Andi Shane bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Perinatal and Neonatal Infections. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews on Perinatal and Neonatal Infections, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

This is a pioneering book and is the first book of its kind. The book offers guidance about the use of ECT in adolescents with up to date and concise information. The editors of the book are Neera Ghaziuddin MD, MRCPsych (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA), and Garry Walter, MD, Ph.D. (University of Sydney, Australia) who spear-headed the re-introduction of ECT as a safe and an effective treatment option for a subgroup of adolescents with severe psychiatric disorders. This book offers a review of the existing literature, firsthand experience of the authors regarded as experts in their respective field and highly informative case descriptions. The book also offers a historical perspective, explaining the reasons why ECT fell out of favor, particularly among child and adolescent psychiatrists, and the resulting lost opportunity to train clinicians over many decades. Starting around the 1990's, there has been a revival of interest, probably due to the recognition of treatment resistance among some adolescents. The chapter about the mechanism of action ECT describes biological mechanisms that are known to underlie mental illness. Other chapters include a discussion about stigma associated with ECT, ethical and informed consent issues, a step-by-step guidance about using ECT, use of anesthesia during ECT and the interaction between ECT and medications. In addition, its use in youth with general medical and neurological disorders is described. The chapter detailing side effects of the treatment dispels misinformation and indicates that ECT is a safe, painless and a highly effective procedure which is not associated with any lasting side effects. The use of ECT in the treatment of specific disorders (mood and psychotic disorders, severe self-injury and catatonia) is described under respective chapters using case examples. Lay readers, families and patients considering this treatment will find the question and answer subsections at the end of each chapter useful. The experience of the editors gives a unique insight to ECT, dispelling myths and stigma and guides the reader about its proper use.

The first 1,000 days, from conception to two years of age, is a critical period of growth and development. Exposures to dietary, environmental, hormonal, and other stressors during this window have been associated with an increased risk of poor health outcomes, some of which are irreversible. The book addresses this crucial interval of early life across biological disciplines, linking concepts related to all biological fields to outcomes during the first 1,000 days (e.g. fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes) and beyond (e.g. gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease later in life). The strength of this book lies in its cross-disciplinary nature.

Many factors affect treatment options for children and adolescents with mental health problems, including age, severity of symptoms, financial and time constraints, and access to qualified professionals. With the limitations of managed care plans and the shrinking pool of pediatric psychiatrists, the trend is toward pediatricians prescribing psychotropic medicines. Pharmacologically trained psychologists can offer valuable assistance to pediatricians caught in this predicament. Tackling fundamental questions of when to treat as well as when and why to refer young patients, Pediatricians and Pharmacologically Trained Psychologists examines commonly occurring pediatric conditions requiring joint treatment; reviews theoretical models of consultation and collaboration; and spotlights professional issues typically arising from these team efforts. With pertinent clarity and detail, this volume offers in-depth discussion in these key areas: * Collaborative treatment of mental health conditions, including mood, disruptive, anxiety, and eating disorders. * Collaborative treatment of medical conditions, focusing on gastrointestinal disorders and diabetes. * Changing clinical procedures in states that have enacted prescriptive authority for psychologists. * Expanding roles for pharmacologically trained psychologists practicing in states that have not enacted prescriptive authority for psychologists. * Medical psychology in the pediatric hospital. * Integrative care in rural settings and on the reservation. * The collaborative future: brain marker technology, training paradigms, and more. Pediatricians and Pharmacologically Trained Psychologists is a must-have reference for a broad range of researchers, professionals, and graduate students, including psychologists, pediatricians and other child mental health clinicians as well as nonphysician prescribers, such as nurses, physician assistants, and pharmacists.

This is a most valuable contribution to paediatric diagnosis which highlights the importance of this essentially visual method in the study of practical paediatric problems. Each topic consists of a concise, informative and scholarly text supported, where appropriate, by key references, many giving a historical perspective. There are over 400 high quality colour plates with descriptive legends, many of which analyse in some detail the individual features of a face regarded as abnormal or dysmorphic, often a necessary practical prerequisite to establishing a definitive diagnosis. The importance of recognising subtle expressive changes and 'facial signals' is considered in relation to emotional disorders. Throughout, the book is leavened by tables listing important diagnostic clues, cranio-facial or otherwise.

In this new edition Blake gives a personal account of his professional experience of working with children and adolescents over the last 45 years. Providing a wonderful integration of the conceptual and the practical, this book clarifies complex theory while giving practical advice for clinicians through a nuts and bolts description of how to interview parents, emotionally assess a child and adolescent, set up a consulting room and conduct a therapy session. The addition of chapter summaries, questions and suggested further readings provides a valuable structure to those in child and adolescent training programmes. The author's experience, gained from public and private work, is vividly described with the use of clinical examples to illustrate his thinking and way of working. This third edition highlights his evolution from a more traditional epistemological (knowing) approach, with its emphasis on interpretation and insight, to a more ontological (being) framework. He explores a more intuitive and unconscious way of working and argues this is more developmentally appropriate to children and adolescents. His accessible writing style transports the reader into his clinical world: a world full of fascinating stories of children talking through their play; of adolescents exploring who they are through their discussions about music, films, sport and computer games; of helping parents to understand and thoughtfully manage their child's emotional struggles. This new edition, an amalgam of theoretical orientations (Kleinian, Bionian, Winnicottian, relational, non-linear and neurological), draws from recent developments, both in theory and technique. It will be of immense value to psychotherapists, psychoanalysts and all those involved in the treatment of children's mental health.