Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 179

The complex nature of the postural control system makes it vulnerable to adverse conditions during early life, such as prenatally or perinatally acquired lesions of the brain or preterm birth. Children with disorders of the developing brain nearly always have dysfunctions in postural control. The postural control system of children with other neurodevelopmental disabilities such as myelomeningocele or muscle disease is also challenged: it has to find age-specific solutions for the postural problems posed by the disorder. These postural problems have serious consequences for the activities of daily life, as adequate postural control is a prerequisite for adequate motility.

Until now, knowledge about the nature of postural problems in children has been scattered, and this has hampered the development of appropriate therapeutic management strategies. This book is a breakthrough in that it introduces the reader to the complexity of typical and atypical postural development and provides suggestions for the day-to-day management of postural problems in children with developmental disorders such as cerebral palsy, developmental coordination disorder, muscle disorder and myelomeningocoele.

"This should be a 'must read' for anyone whose occupation or interests are in the areas of motor development or rehabilitation" Diane Damiano.

This book fulfils an urgent need for an updated text on pediatric psychopharmacology. It takes a unique approach in discussing recent findings within the context of current issues, including economic and political ones. The book covers the emerging question of treating children who do not yet meet diagnostic criteria for psychosis, e.g, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, but who are deemed to be at high risk. This is an active area of debate: such children are being treated in certain centers, while others reject this completely. The book addresses the antidepressant controversy, the placebo response and unique strategies for delineating this, and ways to optimize the differential between active medication and placebo. It reviews the impact of recent American Heart Association guidelines for monitoring children on stimulants and other psychotropics. It adheres closely to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria throughout. The book describes the use of newly approved drugs such as Lexapro for treating adolescent depression and the novel compound Intuniv. It covers the TADS and CAMS studies, which evaluated the use of SSRIs alone and in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescent depression. Other topics include treatment of bipolar disorders, the increasing popularity of generic equivalents, combination pharmacotherapy and the potential dangers of psychotropic medications. * Third edition of the first ever book published on pediatric psychopharmacology from renowned editors. * Incorporates current developments with regard to SSRIs, their indications and their safety issues, including possible associated suicidal behavior. * Addresses concerns about cardiovascular side effects of the new stimulant medications available, and compares to other FDA-approved medications for ADHD. * Features many tables, figures and pictorials, making it highly accessible and reader friendly.

Essentials of Pediatric Urology provides surgical trainees with an up to date and comprehensive account of the urological disorders of childhood . In addition, this popular textbook makes a valuable practical contribution to clinical decision making by Adult Urologists and General Pediatric Surgeons who treat conditions of the genitourinary systems in children. This established resource fulfils a unique role as the only international textbook of Pediatric Urology written primarily for trainees and those practising adult Urology, Pediatric Surgery, and Pediatric Urology. The third edition continues to meet this need as well as providing a ready source of reference for non-specialists including Pediatricians and Nurses.

In this issue of Pediatric Clinics of North America, guest editors Drs. Peter G. Szilagyi, Sharon G. Humiston, and Tamera Coyne-Beasley bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Vaccine Hesitancy. A growing problem even before the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy encompasses various factors involving both researchers and practitioners: transparency in research, scientific findings, and governmental programs; effective communication strategies; addressing and understanding cultural, psychosocial, spiritual, political, and cognitive factors; and a willingness to learn the root causes and concerns about vaccine hesitancy. In this issue, top experts address these topics to help you improve vaccine confidence with your patients. Contains 14 practice-oriented topics including COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, vaccine hesitancy, trust, and culture; social media and vaccine hesitancy; optimizing your pediatric office for vaccine confidence; overcoming vaccine hesitancy using community-based efforts; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on vaccine hesitancy, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

This volume elaborates on the research and clinical implications of the hereditary and molecular basis of childhood cancers. The focus of the 'disease-related' chapters of the book is to integrate what is known about the molecular basis of that particular clinical entity (or group of related entities) with the clinical manifestations, to relate the relationship of the molecular oncologic pathways with relevant developmental or non-human species biology in order to better understand the complexity of these systems. The resulting clinical implications of understanding this biology are elaborated on. Chapters 13-16 discuss the broader psychosocial, ethical and genetic counseling issues that arise and that are so critical to translating the knowledge gained from advances in molecular genetics into the clinic. Chapter 12 in particular provides a unique perspective of the application of this knowledge in less-developed nations where 'modern' technologies may not be readily available, but where the clinical manifestations of these disorders are prevalent.

This book examines early interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with the goal to enable primary care physicians as well as other clinicians, therapists, and practitioners to assist parents in making informed decisions based on current research. It provides a map for successfully navigating the maze of early interventions for ASD, focusing on evidence. Chapters review the similarities and differences between current evidence-based treatments, how these treatments work, the factors that facilitate their effectiveness, and the pros and cons of their use for different children and different needs. In addition, chapters discuss the services, laws, policies, and societal issues related to early intervention in ASD. Featured topics include: Criteria to evaluate evidence in ASD interventions. Effective approaches for Social communication difficulties in ASD. Effective approaches for Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in ASD. Naturalistic, developmental approaches to early intervention for children with ASD The TEACCH approach and other visually based approaches for children with ASD. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) approaches to early intervention for children with ASD. What works for whom in ASD early intervention Clinical Guide to Early Interventions for Children with Autism is an essential resource for clinicians, primary care providers, and other practitioners as well as researchers, professors, and graduate students in the fields of child, school, and developmental psychology, pediatrics, social work, child and adolescent psychiatry, primary care medicine, and related disciplines.

Disabled children often have feeding difficulty. Choking, food spillage and protracted mealtimes can pose enormous problems for their carers and the accompanying nutritional deficit imposes additional burdens on the affected child. The aetiology of these problems is placed in context by a detailed description of normal feeding development in infants. The often under-recognised nutritional and neurodevelopmental consequences of inadequate nutrient intake together with the respiratory complications and the important problems of constipation and drooling which may accompany oro-motor dysfunction are detailed. The clinical and nutritional assessment and the application of diagnostic imaging techniques in the evaluation of such children are described. The methods of management of these children's problems form the core of this volume and they range from oro-motor therapy to various techniques for enteral feeding. The ethical issues raised by the vigorous intervention needed to improve the nutritional state of severely disabled children is explored, together with the need to provide ongoing psychological support for their carers.

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What makes us the "w"ay "w"e are? "Some say it's the genes we inherit at conception. Others are sure it's the environment we experience in childhood. But could it be that many of our individual characteristics--our health, our intelligence, our temperaments--are influenced by the conditions we encountered before birth?
That's the claim of an exciting and provocative field known as fetal origins. Over the past twenty years, scientists have been developing a radically new understanding of our very earliest experiences and how they exert lasting effects on us from infancy well into adulthood. Their research offers a bold new view of pregnancy as a crucial staging ground for our health, ability, and well-being throughout life.
Author and journalist Annie Murphy Paul ventures into the laboratories of fetal researchers, interviews experts from around the world, and delves into the rich history of ideas about how we're shaped before birth. She discovers dramatic stories: how individuals gestated during the Nazi siege of Holland in World War II are still feeling its consequences decades later; how pregnant women who experienced the 9/11 attacks passed their trauma on to their offspring in the womb; how a lab accident led to the discovery of a common household chemical that can harm the developing fetus; how the study of a century-old flu pandemic reveals the high personal and societal costs of poor prenatal experience.
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Origins "also brings to light astonishing scientific findings: how a single exposure to an environmental toxin may produce damage that is passed on to multiple generations; how conditions as varied as diabetes, heart disease, and mental illness may get their start in utero; why the womb is medicine's latest target for the promotion of lifelong health, from preventing cancer to reducing obesity. The fetus is not an inert being, but an active and dynamic creature, responding and adapting as it readies itself for life in the particular world it will enter. The pregnant woman is not merely a source of potential harm to her fetus, as she is so often reminded, but a source of influence on her future child that is far more powerful and positive than we ever knew. And pregnancy is not a nine-month wait for the big event of birth, but a momentous period unto itself, a cradle of individual strength and wellness and a crucible of public health and social equality.
With the intimacy of a personal memoir and the sweep of a scientific revolution, "Origins "presents a stunning new vision of our beginnings that will change the way you think about yourself, your children, and human nature itself.

This second edition offers an expanded and updated history of the field of fetal and neonatal development, allowing readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the biological aspects that contribute to the wellbeing or pathophysiology of newborns. In this concluding opus of a long and prominent career as a clinical scientist, Dr. Longo has invited new contributions from noted colleagues with expertise in various fields to provide a historical perspective on the impact of how modern concepts emerged in the field of fetal physiology and contributed to the current attention paid to the fetal origins of diseases in adults. In addition to new chapters on maternal physiology and complications during pregnancy, others trace the history of the Society for Reproductive Investigation, governmental funding of perinatal research, and major initiatives to support training in the new discipline of maternal fetal medicine, including the Reproductive Scientist Development program. The extensive survey provided by the author, who personally knew most of the pioneers in the field, offers a unique guide for all clinical and basic scientists interested in the history of - and future approaches to diagnosing and treating - pathologies that represent the leading causes of neonatal mortality and, far too often, life-long morbidity.

The Clinician's Guide to Treatment and Management of Youth with Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders provides clinicians with cognitive behavioral therapy concepts and skills to manage young patients dealing with Tourette Syndrome (TS) and tic disorders. This book focuses on improving the quality of life, patient resiliency, habit reversal techniques, talking about tics with peers, and overcoming tic-related avoidance. Each chapter looks at the nature and background of common challenges for youth with TS experience, reviews empirically-informed rationale for using specific cognitive-behavioral strategies, discusses the nature and implementation of these strategies, and concludes with a case that illustrates a particular strategy. Medication management is covered in its own chapter, and clinical excerpts are used throughout the book to illustrate key techniques that can be incorporated into immediate practice.

Pediatric Clinical Neurophysiology introduces clinical neurophysiology and its applications to the paediatric neurologist. It does not aim at being a textbook of either clinical neurophysiology or paediatric neurology, but to bridge these entities, as a handbook for the clinician. The focus is on the methods applied in the setting of a clinical neurophysiological laboratory. Pediatric Clinical Neurophysiology will stimulate readers interest in paediatric clinical neurophysiology in their daily clinical work with children.

Fundamentals of Congenital Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery is a first of its kind, fully-illustrated guide that is solely dedicated to the most diffused congenital minimally invasive cardiac surgery procedures. It provides detailed, step-by-step descriptions of surgical maneuvers to underline each aspect of the procedures along with full color drawings and operative pictures to enhance understanding. Each chapter fully describes the preoperative setting, the needed materials and the required technical skills that make specific congenital heart defects amenable to minimally invasive surgical treatment. This is the perfect go-to reference for pediatric and congenital cardiac surgeons, and is also a must-have guide for residents in cardiac surgery who are looking to review the technical aspects and outcomes of utilizing a minimally invasive approach for cardiac surgery.

This volume brings together research into diverse aspects of social anxiety and its clinical form, social phobia, in adolescents. Development of the condition, clinical manifestations and treatment strategies are all addressed, with emphasis on ways in which adolescent development and context are reflected in the manifestation and treatment of symptoms. The book is divided into three parts that review epidemiological, neurobiological and sociopsychological research on vulnerability factors, examine the phenomenology and assessment of social anxiety and phobia in different developmental contexts and discuss evidence-based prevention and treatment options for adolescent social anxiety and phobia. Social Anxiety and Phobia in Adolescents will be informative and interesting for all child and adolescent psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and psychotherapists as well as for school psychologists and counsellors.

This wide-ranging volume combines the current findings and frontline knowledge working practitioners need to know about forensic interviewing of children in sexual abuse cases. Coverage begins with the basics: legal and ethical principles, interview planning and procedure, psychometric and cultural issues, pitfalls and how to avoid them. Perspectives from a trial lawyer and a district attorney lend real-life details on criminal court procedure, interview procedure, legal standards, and what is expected of expert witnesses. Not only is developmental understanding of salient issues concerning children's competency and suggestibility offered here, but also vital guidance on the controversies surrounding false memories and untrue accusations. Included in the coverage: Working with the multidisciplinary team. Childhood memory: an update from cognitive neuroscience. Disclosure failures: statistics, characteristics, and strategies to address them.Child abusers' threats and grooming techniques. Review of psychometrics of forensic interview protocols with children. Assessing the quality of forensic interviews with child witnesses. Forensic Interviews Regarding Child Sexual Abuse brings a wealth of robust practical information to professionals working with children, including clinical and child psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers.

Keynote: This 4-volume set offers comprehensive coverage of children's psychological development during the critical early years of life. Infancy--which is defined as the period from birth to 18 months of age--is the single most critical stage in cognitive and socioemotional development. The comprehensive WAIMH Handbook of Infant Mental Health offers the first thorough interdisciplinary analysis of the biopsychosocial factors that impact normal and abnormal infant mental development. Assembled under the auspices of the leading international organization in infant development--the World Association of Infant Mental Health--this ground-breaking four-volume reference offers a state-of-the-art overview of the field by the world's leading researchers, clinicians, and scholars.

This book is devoted solely to the tricuspid valve and its role in congenital heart disease. Tricuspid valve anomalies are part of the pathological spectrum in various congenital heart diseases, including Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid valve dysplasia, with different pathophysiology and clinical implications. This book covers all relevant aspects of such anomalies, including diagnosis, therapy and follow-up. Further topics addressed include the way in which the tricuspid valve may become the "systemic" valve in some congenital diseases, with important consequences and the involvement of the tricuspid valve in the right-sided heart complications often seen in adults with congenital heart disease. All of the chapters are written by internationally recognized experts and are designed to deliver state of the art knowledge of practical value. This book will be an important addition to the library for surgeons, cardiologists and other practitioners involved in the management of patients with congenital heart disease.

Discoveries of Medically Themed Media: Pediatric Patients and Parents' Journeys of Sense-making examines the information needs and sense-making processes of pediatric patients through ethnographic accounts of 14 children undergoing craniofacial, neurological, and neurosurgical treatment. It contends that children rely on information-much of which is not delivered in an age-appropriate manner but rather geared toward adults-for the navigation of their medical experiences, and proposes medically themed media as a significant avenue by which greater understanding and sense-making are possible for pediatric patients.

Keynote: This 4-volume set offers comprehensive coverage of children's psychological development during the critical early years of life. Infancy--which is defined as the period from birth to 18 months of age--is the single most critical stage in cognitive and socioemotional development. The comprehensive WAIMH Handbook of Infant Mental Health offers the first thorough interdisciplinary analysis of the biopsychosocial factors that impact normal and abnormal infant mental development. Assembled under the auspices of the leading international organization in infant development--the World Association of Infant Mental Health--this ground-breaking four-volume reference offers a state-of-the-art overview of the field by the world's leading researchers, clinicians, and scholars.

This book synthesizes and analyzes research on early vocal contact (EVC) for preterm infants, an early healthcare strategy aimed at reducing the long-term impact of neonatal hospitalization, minimizing negative impacts of premature birth, and promoting positive brain development. Chapters begin by examining research on the maternal voice and its unique and fundamental role in infant development during the fetal and neonatal period. The book discusses the rationale for EVC with preterm infants, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, and the challenges for infants' development. Subsequent chapters highlight various EVCs that are used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), including direct talking and singing to preterm infants. In addition, the book also presents and evaluates early family-centered therapies as well as paternal and other caregiver voice interventions. Topics featured in this book include: Early vocal contact and the language development of preterm infants. The maternal voice and its influence on the stability and the sleep of preterm infants. Parental singing as a form of early interactive contact with the preterm infant. Recorded or live music interventions in the bioecology of the NICU. The role of the music therapist to hospitalized infants. The Calming Cycle Theory and its implementation in preterm infants. Early Vocal Contact and Preterm Infant Brain Development is an essential reference for researchers, clinicians and related professionals, and graduate students in developmental psychology, pediatrics, neuroscience, obstetrics and nursing.

The book presents a problem-based, rational approach to the diagnosis of orthopaedic problems in children. It is divided into four sections based on the age at which specific problems may be encountered; the newborn and infant, the toddler and the pre-school child, the child in the school-going age and the adolescent. The authors outline a systematic approach to arrive at a tentative diagnosis by asking relevant questions related to the presenting symptom and then performing a thorough clinical examination. They then suggest the most appropriate investigations to confirm the diagnosis. Each chapter deals with the common conditions that may lead to the problem; the rarer causes of the problem are listed at the end. This feature would make the book a practical manual and a high quality reference source. An important feature of the book is the number and quality of illustrations and video clips in the electronic version.

Until the 1990s, it was generally accepted that medicines were first developed for adults and their use in children was investigated later, if at all. One of the main tasks of hospital pharmacies was the manufacturing of child-appropriate formulations in a more or less makeshift way. The first change came in 1997 with U.S. legislation that rewarded manufacturers to do voluntary pediatric research. Ten years later, the European Union passed legislation that required manufacturers to discuss all pediatric aspects, including formulations, with the regulatory authorities as a condition of starting the registration procedure. In consequence, manufacturers must now cover all age groups, including the youngest ones. So far, pediatric formulations were more a focus for academic researchers. Through the changed regulatory environment, there is now a sudden high commercial demand for age-appropriate formulations. This book begins by highlighting the anatomical, physiological and developmental differences between adults and children of different ages. It goes on to review the existing technologies and attempts to draw a roadmap to better, innovative formulations, in particular for oral administration. The regulatory, clinical, ethical and pharmaceutical framework is also addressed.

In this issue, guest editors bring their considerable expertise to this important topic. Provides in-depth reviews on the latest updates in the field, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize

It is often difficult to decide whether a preschool child who does not communicate effectively has a developmental disorder limited to language, has behaviors that indicate autism with or without mental deficiency, or across-the-board mental deficiency without autistic features. All of these disorders denote abnormal brain development, but standard medical and neurologic examinations and tests such as brain imaging, EEGs, and chromosome and chemical tests rarely provide an answer. Careful attention to the child's language and behavior, ability to play creatively, and analysis of neuropsychologic tests and language are much more informative for arriving at a correct diagnosis. This is one of the largest multidisciplinary studies to have considered the problem of making a diagnosis among these often confusing and not easily assessable young children. It considers explicitly the practical consequences of using different criteria for making a diagnosis.

This book examines the complex impact of parenting stress and the effects of its transmission on young children's development and well-being (e.g., emotion self-regulation; executive functioning; maltreatment; future parenting practices). It analyzes current findings on acute and chronic psychological and socioeconomic stressors affecting parents, including those associated with poverty and cultural disparities, pregnancy and motherhood, and caring for children with developmental disabilities. Contributors explore how parental stress affects cognitive, affective, behavioral, and neurological development in children while pinpointing core adaptation, resilience, and coping skills parents need to reduce abusive and other negative behaviors and promote optimal outcomes in their children. These nuanced bidirectional perspectives on parent/child dynamics aim to inform clinical strategies and future research targeting parental stress and its cyclical impact on subsequent generations. Included in the coverage: Parental stress and child temperament. How social structure and culture shape parental strain and the well-being of parents and children. The stress of parenting children with developmental disabilities. Consequences and mechanisms of child maltreatment and the implications for parenting. How being mothered affects the development of mothering. Prenatal maternal stress and psychobiological development during childhood. Parenting Stress and Early Child Development is an essential resource for researchers, clinicians and related professionals, and graduate students in infancy and early childhood development, developmental psychology, pediatrics, family studies, and developmental neuroscience.

Highlighting the experiences of midwives who provide care to women opting outside of guidelines in the pursuit of physiological birth, Claire Feeley looks at the impact on midwives themselves, and explores how teams and organisations can support or discourage the promotion of women's birth choices. This book investigates the processes, experiences, and sociocultural-political influences upon midwives who support women's alternative birthing choice and argues for a shift in perspective from notions of an individual's professional responsibility to deliver woman-centred care, to a broader, collective responsibility. The book begins by exploring the normal birth debates to demonstrate how hegemonic birth discourse and maternity practices have detrimentally affected physiological birth rates, as well as the wellbeing of women who opt outside of maternity guidelines. It also provides real life examples of how midwives can facilitate a range of birthing decisions within mainstream midwifery services. The second part develops a new model to explore how a midwife's socio-political context can significantly mediate or exacerbate the vulnerability, conflict and stigmatisation that they may experience as a result of promoting alternative birth choices. Part three further explores the implications of the model, looking at how team and organisational culture can be developed to better support women and midwives, making recommendations for a systems approach to improving maternity services. Discussing the invisible nature of midwifery work, what it means to deliver woman-centred care, and the challenges and benefits of doing so, this is a thought-provoking read for all midwives and future midwives. It is also an important contribution to interprofessional concerns around workforce development, sustainability, moral distress and compassion in health and social care.