Maternal Cocaine Use: Neonatal Outcome (I.J. chasnoff et al.). Psychosocial Influences in the Etiology, Diagnosis, and Prognosis of Nonorganic FailuretoThrive (D. Drotar et al.). A Developmental Approach to Understanding and Controlling Violence (F. Earls). The Role of the School in Prosocial Development (V. Battistich et al.). The Human Infant in Studies of Lateralization of Function: An Historical Perspective (L.J. Harris). Organization of Lateralized Behavior during Infancy (H.E. Fitzgerald et al.). Clinical Application of Asymmetrical Behavioral Communication in ParentInfant Interaction (P. de Chateau). Author Index. Subject Index.

Since the early 1940s, when first identified as childhood psychosis and autistic psychopathy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has continued to burgeon into a major focus of inquiry and interest among researchers, practitioners, and the public alike. With each passing decade, the number of scholarly articles addressing ASD and related disabilities continues to soar. Today, thousands of papers on autism are published annually across various disciplines and journals, making it challenging - if not impossible - to keep pace with, let alone synthesize, all the latest developments. Based on a solid historical foundation of autism theory and research, the International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders integrates the broad scholarly base of literature with a trenchant analysis of the state of the field in nosology, etiology, assessment, and treatment. Its expert contributors examine recent findings and controversies (e.g., how prevalent autism actually is), along with longstanding topics of interest as well as emerging issues. Coverage includes: A survey of diagnostic criteria and assessment strategies. Genetic, behavioral, biopsychosocial, and cognitive models. Psychiatric disorders in persons with ASD. Theory of mind and facial recognition. Diagnostic instruments for assessing core features and challenging behaviors. Evidence-based psychosocial, pharmacological, and integrative treatments. Interventions specifically for adults with ASD. Training issues for professionals and parents. A review of findings of successful and promising therapies, coupled with guidance on how to distinguish between dubious and effective treatments. The International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders is an indispensable resource for researchers, professors, graduate students, and allied practitioners in clinical child and school psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, education, social work, rehabilitation, pediatric medicine, and developmental psychology.

This excellent new title is set to become the first point of reference for all practitioners dealing with children's soiling problems. The author produced this book with the intention of helping the inexperienced practitioner to become more confident in dealing with these clients. The book is aimed at School nurses, health visitors, child branch nursing students, paediatricians and GP's and is designed to be a book can be read front to back, but can also be 'dipped into' when help on a particular aspect of management is required.Easy straight forward approach Written by a nurse for nurses To provide information to the inexperienced nurse, and to assist the more experienced nurse for reference

Childhood brain tumors are a diverse group of diseases characterized by the abnormal growth of tissue contained within the skull. Other than leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumors are the most common type of neoplasms that occur in children. The leading cause of death from childhood neoplasms among persons up to 19 years is brain tumors. As such, this book is a review of the most recent molecular biological research concerning brain tumors with references and comparisons to a variety of neoplastic disorders. The book then uses this information to foreshadow the direction that future anti-neoplastic therapies will take. Because of the wide spectrum of the objectives of the book, any individual involved in cancer research will greatly benefit from the work. Histopathologists, neuropathologists, clinical and research oncologists, and medical students will find this book to be an invaluable resource as a reference guide. Patients and their families will also find the book useful as it offers a comprehensive update on new, non-classical therapeutic modality options and contains a detailed description and analysis of brain tumors. Such an endeavor has yet to be undertaken by any other book and may prove to be the most comprehensive book on brain tumors thus far.

There has been a rapid increase in the interest of safe complementary and alternative approaches to healthcare in pregnancy and childbirth. For those working in maternity care who seek the evidence base for therapeutic approaches, this book offers a comprehensive guide to the principles and practice of complementary therapies, and their application to expectant andnew mothers and their babies.History and background are given for each therapy, using a specifically midwifery perspective Contraindications and appropriate conditions to treat are specified Up-to-date research is included, as more research is available than ever before and so the midwife has to be able to make accurate assessments based on evidence. Legislative and professional conduct issues are covered ,putting the information into a clear midwifery context and giving guidelines to enable the midwife to deal confidently with new therapeutic approachesComprehensively updated with new research studies where available New chapters on chiropractic, hypnotherapy, Bach flower remedies, Alexander technique

A comprehensive textbook on caring for the infant and child in intensive care. The text includes specific illness / disorders with related A & P, medical management and nursing care and a complete guide to the problems and solutions of working in the PICU.

Intracranial haemorrhage affects more than one liveborn term infant in a hundred. The range of aetiologies has been expanded from trauma due to breech or instrumental delivery, to birth asphyxia, haemorrhagic diathesis, infection and prenatal injury. A shift towards diagnosis in life has been brought about by the application of ultrasound, CT and NMR imaging. Survival of most affected infants has encouraged neonatologists and paediatric radiologists to describe their findings in the past decade, yielding a wealth of data. Medico-legal implications surrounding delivery and neonatal care have increased the demand for thorough description of perinatal intracranial events.

Pediatric Injury Biomechanics: Archive and Textbook consolidates and describes the current state of the art in pediatric injury biomechanics research in the automotive crash environment. Written by the most respected scientists in the field, the objective of this ground-breaking project is to provide a comprehensive archive and analysis of pediatric injury biomechanics research; to be the go-to reference for the epidemiology of motor vehicle related childhood injury data, pediatric anthropometry, pediatric biomechanical properties, tissue tolerance, and computational models. This book provides essential information needed by researchers working in the field of pediatric injury including those involved in rulemaking activities, injury criteria development, child dummy development, and child injury interventions development. In addition to the text, a companion archive will include valuable information and tools to assist in the identification of gaps in research and future research directions.This living document will be regularly updated with current research and advancements in pediatric injury biomechanics.

Over the past two decades, the assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) has evolved into a sophisticated balance of science and clinical judgement essential for arriving at reliable and valid diagnostic de- sions. Because of the precarious mix of clinical and empirical skill needed to evaluate children with this disorder, diagnostic practice in this area has been found wanting by many critics. In fact, a 1998 National Institutes of Health consensus panel concluded that "existing diagnostic treatment practices ... point to the need for improved awareness by the health service sector conce- ing an appropriate assessment, treatment, and follow-up. A more consistent set of diagnostic procedures and practice guidelines is of utmost importance" (p. 21). Drs. Arthur D. Anastopoulos and Terri L. Shelton have designed a book that addresses this need. A number of themes are highlighted throughout the text. Perhaps the most important is that the assessment guidelines set forth in this book represent a balance between science and practice. The authors account for the realities of clinical practice in an age of managed care while challenging clinicians to heed the lessons of empirical research. Although the use of empirically based asse- ment procedures may at times fly in the face of cost constraints (e. g. , systematic evaluation of medication effects), the authors present a strong argument for them. Further, they call upon their vast clinical experience to provide concrete suggestions for translating research findings into effective evaluations.

Expanding Receptive and Expressive Skills through Stories (EXPRESS): Language Formulation in Children with Selective Mutism and Other Communication Needs is a resource that provides a specific treatment approach for professional speech-language pathologists working with children with selective mutism and other language delays or disorders including language learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, or for children learning English as a second language. It is a program for expanding receptive and expressive language skills at varying stages of language development, with five levels of communication to allow the clinician to start at the appropriate level for each child, and progress through the levels.The "EXPRESS" approach includes activity modules corresponding to classic children's stories. Children's literature is used as a tool for presenting activities designed to help children learn specific language skills, and supports the Common Core State Standards. Each of the modules requires the corresponding storybook that can be obtained individually or found within "The 20th Century Children's Book Treasury", a compendium that includes all the stories.Using "EXPRESS", children listen to the stories and through the activities presented acquire key concepts, ideas, and details about the material. Vocabulary is enhanced through drawing, describing, and demonstration. Children also have an opportunity to make inferences from the textual material through the question-answer routines developed for each story. Creativity and imagination are fostered using sentence formulation and story generation. "EXPRESS" also includes forms to help the clinician monitor progress and a PluralPlus companion website with video links to the stories and downloadable items from the book such as activity cards and scoring sheets.

This text is the only book of its kind to provide specific guidance applicable to limited resource settings and builds up from the foundation of general practitioner or general pediatrician competence. Written and edited by leaders in the field, this manual educates physicians on the essential components of the discipline, filtered through the experience of specialists from developing countries, with immediate applicability in the specific healthcare environment in these countries. Typically, manuals of pediatric hematology-oncology are written by specialists from high-income countries, and usually target an audience with a sub-specialist level of training, often assisted by cutting-edge diagnostic and treatment facilities. However, approximately 80% of new cases of cancer in children appear in mid- and low-income countries. Almost invariably, general practitioners or general pediatricians without special training in oncology will look after children with malignancies who enter the health care system in these countries. The diagnostic facilities are usually limited, as are the treatment options. The survival figures in these conditions are somewhere below 20%, while in high-income countries they are in the range of 80% for many childhood cancers. This book includes simplified therapy protocols, pain therapy and palliation, as well as ward procedures such as bone marrow aspiration/biopsies, intravenous therapy and chemotherapy drugs mixing. It provides an overview of pediatric cancer epidemiology, cancer registration and organizing support networks and features the management of cancers with associated pathology like AIDS, malnutrition, malaria and tuberculosis.

In the recent literature, the most influential case study books in neuropsychology are in the adult realm. Pediatric neuropsychology is a rapidly developing field with increasingly greater influence in the assessment, diagnosis, early identification, and treatment of childhood illnesses. This book will provide the first centralized, comprehensive resource for case studies in pediatric neuropsychology. Not only will this supply a valuable compilation for the growing numbers of professionals in this field, but will also serve as an innovative and appealing resource for therapists, teachers, and others interested in child development.

This book will be structured in such a way that readers can easily access individual cases of interest, as well as related areas of dysfunction. Section breakdowns will be provided in order to highlight the combined focus of case presentations in acquired neuropsychological dysfunction as well as developmental disorders. Each section will begin with an introductory chapter, highlighting the salient feature of the concept and providing brief, up to date reviews of the current research and theories. Within each global section, individual case studies will serve as stand-alone chapters. Contributing authors will be provided extensive guidance and coaching with regards to the standard format and information to be included in each chapter.

The first section of this book will present cases involving neurological disorders. The intention of this section is to provide not only classic examples of neurological dysfunction in children, but also to provide interesting cases of unique or remarkable presentations. The second section will present an accumulation of cases representing both common and progressive conceptualizations of developmental disabilities. Section three has been designed to highlight cases which often present complex issues to neuropsychologists. The case examples in this section will highlight the use of alternative treatments, pathologies that are often a source of inquiry, and situations that lack the more rigorous scientific data often utilized in other diagnostic procedures. Additionally, this section may include chapters on common differential diagnosis dilemmas in clinical practice. Often multifaceted and even contradictory evidence can arise during evaluations, resulting in complex or problematic situations for the clinician. Such examples are difficult, by their nature, to forecast, but rather would be added during the book s development, as they occur."

Positron emission tomography (PET) has been at the forefront of fu- tional and molecular imaging for a number of years. The future of di- nostic imaging depends upon the ability to change from imaging anatomy to examining the processes at work in the body. The fact that there are now monographs examining particular aspects of PET, such as this book on the examination of children, speaks to the newly won maturity of PET. The authors are to be congratulated for the timely appearance of this volume. In recent years, PET has transformed the contributions of nuclear medicine to the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of patients with cancer. Children with cancer deserve the very best and most comp- sionate care that society can provide. Ultimately the greatest comp- sion we can offer as physicians is to provide the best possible care. Those charged with creating public policy in the context of diagnostic medicine must make common cause with physicians and other sci- tists to ensure that that best possible care is realized at the bedside. All of the evidence suggests that PET is central to such optimal cancer care. In addition to the distinguished cast of physicians and researchers who contributed to this book, I welcome the contributions from te- nologists who are a key part of the interaction between the diagnostic process and the sick or potentially sick child. Good care is contingent upon putting parents and child at ease, and the technologist has a lead role in this.

This first-of-its-kind text provides a multidisciplinary overview of a significant problem in hospital-based healthcare: patients who decline inpatient medical care and leave the hospital against medical advice (AMA). Compared to standard hospital discharges, AMA discharges are associated with worse health and health services outcomes. Patients discharged AMA have been found to have disproportionately higher rates of substance use, psychiatric illness, and report stigmatization and reduced access to care. By providing a far reaching examination of AMA discharges for a wide academic and clinical audience, the book serves as a reference for clinical care, research, and the development of professional guidelines and institutional policy. The book provides both a broad overview of AMA discharges with chapters on the epidemiology, ethical and legal aspects, as well as social science perspectives. For clinicians in the disciplines of hospital medicine, pediatrics, emergency medicine, nursing, and psychiatry, the book also provides a patient-centered analysis of the problem, case-based discussions, and a discussion of best practices. This comprehensive review of AMA discharges and health care quality will interest physicians and other health care professionals, social workers, hospital administrators, quality and risk managers, clinician-educators, and health services researchers.

"This is clearly the most authoritative and contemporary statement of current knowledge yet published."
from the Foreword by H. Sarnat

Tuberous sclerosis is the prototype of a category of malformations uniquely characterized by disturbances in cellular differentiation and growth. It presents with a complex association of different neurological phenotypes, including seizures, cognitive impairments and autism. It is important not only because it is a relatively common hereditary neurological disease with high morbidity, but because it has implications in other pathological processes, such as dysplasia and neoplasia, hamartoma formation and other disturbances in morphogenic processes.

This book correlates new genetic data and basic science, covers clinical presentation, reviews the historical background and current diagnostic criteria, and deals with the recent advances in neuropathology, molecular genetics and neurobiology which give a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.

Paediatricians and child neurologists will find this book uniquely useful.

This book presents pulmonary outcomes of prematurity, from their emergence in infancy through to their consequences in adulthood. With an increasing number of preterm births and more infants surviving, there is now a larger population of adults with lung disease originating in infancy requiring specialized care. Looking at the whole group of preterm infants, not just those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, this text covers a wide spectrum of pulmonary outcomes, including: pulmonary hypertension, wheezing, and alterations in sleep. The chapter authors focus on critically appraising what is and is not known about each outcome and suggest key questions that still need to be answered. Respiratory Outcomes in Preterm Infants: Sequelae from Infancy through Adulthood is an ideal reference for the multidisciplinary group that cares for these preterm infants and the adults they become, including: neonatologists, pediatric pulmonologists, pediatricians, adult pulmonologists, primary care physicians, nurses, and fellows.

This book is the proceedings of the Falk Symposium No. 127 on Autoimmune Diseases in Paediatric Gastroenterology' (IV International Falk Symposium on Paediatric Gastroenterology), held in Basel, Switzerland, on November 8-9, 2001. The symposium focused on the role of the immune system, both the acquired and the innate systems, in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children and adolescents. The innate system has an important fundamental role in host defence by initiating immune responses against potentially deleterious matter. However, a mutation within the innate system may elicit an immune response against the host: hence, an autoimmune response.

Chronic autoimmune hepatitis occurs predominantly in young people, and especially in women. Immunological changes are conspicuous. Tissue antibodies are found in a large number of patients. This is a disease of disordered immunoregulation marked by a deficit in suppressor T cells causing the production of autoantibodies against specific hepatocyte surface antigen. Liver membrane protein is found in the sera of patients with autoimmune chronic acute hepatitis and with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The latter condition of progressive granulomatous destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts is, in many respects, analogous to the graft-versus-host syndrome where the immune system has become sensitized to foreign HLA-molecules.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is another condition of unknown origin. All parts of the biliary tree can be involved in a chronic, fibrosing, inflammatory process that results in obliteration of the biliary tree and ultimately in biliary cirrhosis. About half of the patients also suffer from ulcerative colitis and rarely from Crohn's disease. Circulating antibodies to some antigens are found in obstructed portal tracts, as well as increased concentrations of biliary immune complexes in patients with PBC.
In all three previous Falk symposia on paediatric gastroenterology, attention was focused on the role of the innate immune system in the aetiology of IBD. It has become increasingly clear in recent years that the innate system has a much more important and fundamental role in host defence. The decision to initiate an immune response is one of the major roles of the innate system. Mutations within this system could transform it into becoming constitutively active, resulting in an inflammatory reaction and thus eliciting an autoimmune response.

Following an introduction to the basic phenomena of autoimmunity, the proceedings discuss clinical aspects of autoimmune diseases. In particular, current knowledge and the state of the art about the diagnosis and treatment of the autoimmune diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are described by world-renowned experts. The book also contains the short presentations on selected topics, as well as abstracts of the mini-posters read by title, which were included in the symposium.

Research into child language development is being conducted more extensively, by more people, and in more countries throughout the world than at any point in the past. We now know more than we ever did before about the linguistic, cognitive, neurobio logical, and social capacities that children bring to their language learning task, as well as the ways in which these capacities interact with a whole range of factors present in the child's environment throughout the learning process, not least the particular character istics of the language or languages to which the child is exposed. Far from inducing a sense of complacency, this new knowledge seems instead to create an even stronger impetus to know more. This is partly because of the new and unforeseen questions it raises and partly because of competition between different theories to provide the best explanation of the phenomenon, and which in turn engender different methods of enquiry. This volume addresses many of the key issues which are currently exercising the minds of child language researchers, and which are likely to motivate research for some years to come. The chapters included here-all previously unpublished-present a great deal of new data and address a range of theoretical issues from a variety of perspectives."

Reoperative surgery is a problem that is confronted by every surgeon and this book offers up-to-date information and techniques for critical cases in all of the pediatric surgical specialties. The book is comprehensive, covering the full spectrum of pediatric reoperation, and it addresses the complications of common pediatric surgeries. This book is an essential resource for both surgeons and non-surgeons involved in the care of pediatric patients.

Melanoma is one of the most types of cancer. When melanoma is detected at an early stage, treatment is highly successful, but outcomes can be poor when the disease is advanced. There has been significant progress in our understanding of the molecular biology, genetics, and immunology of melanoma over the past decade. This has been accompanied by rapid advances in therapeutic strategies for patients with melanoma. This book provides the clinician and the researcher with a broad understanding of the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of melanoma, explores the clinical characteristics and criteria for clinical and pathological staging of the disease, and provides an overview of current and evolving treatment strategies in the adjuvant, metastatic, and preventive settings. The treatment of special populations and rare variants of melanoma that often present particular clinical challenges is also covered. Authored by international experts in melanoma biology and clinical management, this volume concisely explains how to diagnose, treat, and prevent melanoma while reviewing advances in basic science and providing an overview of innovative approaches still under development.

Pain is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon, with physiological, behav ioral, emotional, cognitive, and developmental aspects (Zeltzer, Barr, McGrath, & Schechter, 1992). To effectively evaluate and manage pain in children, the clini cian must be able to assess the unique ways these complex dimensions interact for the individual child and integrate these dimensions into a treatment plan. This can be a daunting task. The purpose of this book is to provide a framework for conceptualizing pain problems in children that can guide the practitioner in developing an evaluation and treatment plan that is optimal for the individual child. This book is not in tended to be a comprehensive, exhaustive review of the literature on pain manage ment in children. There are several excellent books of this nature (e.g., Bush & Harkins, 1991: McGrath, 1990; Ross & Ross, 1988). Instead, this book is an at tempt to outline an hypothesis testing process of case conceptualizing and treat ment planning that can help structure the task of sorting through the complex interrelationships that determine children's pain."

Inspired by the work of Herbert C. Quay, this book builds on recent theory and research to explore the psychopathology of child and adolescent disruptive behavior disorders. The wide-ranging chapters cover oppositional defiant disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and other subjects. The work provides a rich sample of the sort of scientific activity Dr. Quay encourged, and will encourage researchers to further pursue issues in this fascinating field.

Dermatologists commonly treat acne, which affects 40 to 50 million Americans each year and about 85 percent of all patients at some point in their lives. Dermatologists, primary care doctors, and pediatricians see these patients every day in practice. It is important to treat the skin effectively not only to reduce the risk of physical scarring, but also to address the negative psychosocial impact this disease carries. Improving the skin can improve self-confidence, interpersonal relationships, and performance in school or at work. Acneiform Eruptions in Dermatology is a practical, full-color guide to the differential diagnosis of acne vulgaris and the treatment of acne-like conditions. It is organized into sections by subtype of condition (e.g., infections, genetic syndromes, medication-caused) and includes a section of variants of acne that may be misdiagnosed. Within the sections, individual chapters discuss each variant of the condition and begin with a helpful bulleted summary of its defining clinical features. Extensive color clinical images appear throughout the book.