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Books > Christianity > Protestantism & Protestant Churches > Other Protestant & Nonconformist Churches > Pentecostal Churches
In this groundbreaking book, William Kostlevy presents a
fascinating study of the Metropolitan Church Association (MCA), a
religious community founded in Chicago in the early 1890s. The MCA
was one of the most controversial societies of the era. Its members
were called "jumpers" because of their acrobatic worship style, and
"Burning Bushers" after their caustic periodical, the Burning Bush.
They objected to the concept of private property, rejected "elite"
denominations, and professed an alternative, radical vision of
Christianity, using modern music and folk art to spread their
message.
A product of the holiness revival of the late nineteenth century
and a catalyst for Pentecostalism, the MCA played a vital role in
the twentieth century growth of evangelical Christianity, yet it
has long been ignored in studies of American radicalism, of
communal societies, and even of holiness and Pentecostal
Christianity. Kostlevy rectifies this omission, providing a
valuable new context for understanding the origins of
Pentecostalism. He investigates the internal struggles of the
Holiness Movement, showing how radically divergent theological
currents came to dominate a major segment of the American
evangelical community. He also shows how deeply the MCA impacted
the lives of twentieth century evangelists Bud Robinson and Seth C.
Rees, self-designated first woman bishop Alma White, and
Pentecostal evangelists A. G. Garr and Glenn Cook. As Holy Jumpers
demonstrates, Holiness Christians, and the MCA in particular,
played a profoundly formative role in the development of modern
evangelical and Pentecostal Christianity.
This book carries an ethnographic signature in approach and style,
and is an examination of a small Brooklyn, New York,
African-American, Pentecostal church congregation and is based on
ethnographic notes taken over the course of four years. The
Pentecostal Church is known to outsiders almost exclusively for its
members' "bizarre" habit of speaking in tongues. This ethnography,
however, puts those outsiders inside the church pews, as it paints
a portrait of piety, compassion, caring, love-all embraced through
an embodiment perspective, as the church's members experience these
forces in the most personal ways through religious conversion.
Central themes include concerns with the notion of "spectacle"
because of the grand bodily display that is highlighted by
spiritual struggle, social aspiration, punishment and spontaneous
explosions of a variety of emotions in the public sphere. The
approach to sociology throughout this work incorporates the
striking dialectic of history and biography to penetrate and
interact with religiously inspired residents of the inner-city in a
quest to make sense both empirically and theoretically of this
rapidly changing, surprising and highly contradictory late-modern
church scene. The focus on the individual process of becoming
Pentecostal provides a road map into the church and canvasses an
intimate view into the lives of its members, capturing their
stories as they proceed in their Pentecostal careers. This book
challenges important sociological concepts like crisis to explain
religious seekership and conversion, while developing new concepts
such as "God Hunting" and "Holy Ghost Capital" to explain the
process through which individuals become tongue-speaking
Pentecostals. Church members acquire "Holy Ghost Capital" and
construct a Pentecostal identity through a relationship narrative
to establish personal status and power through conflicting
tongue-speaking ideas. Finally, this book examines the futures of
the small and large, institutionally affiliated Pentecostal Church
and argues that the small Pentecostal Church is better able to
resist modern rationalizing forces, retaining the charisma that
sparked the initial religious movement. The power of charisma in
the small church has far-reaching consequences and implications for
the future of Pentecostalism and its followers.
A.J. Tomlinson (1865-1943) ranks among the leading figures of the
early Pentecostal movement, and like so many of his cohorts, he was
as complex as he was colorful. Arriving in Appalachia as a home
missionary determined to uplift and evangelize poor mountain
whites, he stayed to become the co-founder and chief architect of
the Church of God (Cleveland, TN) and the Church of God of
Prophecy, which together with their minor offspring now constitute
the third-largest denominational family within American
Pentecostalism. R.G. Robins's biography recreates the world in
which Tomlinson operated, and through his story offers a new
understanding of the origins of the Pentecostal movement. Scholars
have tended to view Pentecostalism as merely one among many
anti-modernist movements of the early twentieth century. Robins
argues that this is a misreading of the movement's origins-the
result of projecting the modernist/fundamentalist controversy of
the 1920s back onto the earlier religious landscape. Seeking to
return the story of Pentecostalism to its proper historical
context, Robins suggests that Pentecostalism should rightly be seen
as an outgrowth of the radical holiness movement of the late
nineteenth century. He argues that, far from being anti-modern,
Pentecostals tended to embrace modernity. Pentecostal modernism,
however, was a working class or "plainfolk" phenomenon, and it is
the plainfolk character of the movement that has led so many
scholars to mislabel it as anti-modern or fundamentalist. Through
the compelling narrative of Tomlinson's life story, Robins sheds
new light on late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century American
religion, and provides a more refined lens through which to view
the religious dynamics of our own day. v
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