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Books > Professional & Technical > Agriculture & farming > Pest control
This book describes a dynamic bioeconomic simulation model that represents the biological, economic, and regulatory features of a specific invasion management problem-the invasion of California strawberries by the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the pesticide use restrictions imposed by California regulators to manage pesticide resistance. In agriculture, invasive species represent a unique challenge for public policymakers and economists analysing optimal pest control policies. To accurately evaluate policies involving invasive species, economic models must describe the inter-temporal features of producer responses to invader biology, seasonal changes in demand, and the policies themselves. Responses to externalities from pest control, such as pesticide resistance or pest movement, complicate finding the optimal policy and must be accounted for. The model described at length in this book has three components: the population dynamics of the greenhouse whitefly, a population-yield damage function, and grower profit maximisation. This book consists of public domain documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.
If you are a gardener, groundsman, smallholder or farmer and have a 'mole problem', then this book will be of enormous help to you. Pest-control books normally only devote a paragraph or two to moles and rarely cover the subject in detail. This volume is very different and is probably one of the most comprehensive books ever written on mole trapping. Throughout the book, Jeff Nicholls, a professional mole catcher, reveals his enormous respect for the mole and emphasizes the absulute need to control these rarely seen animals using humane and traditional methods that have been proven to work effectively. At the outset the author discusses the natural history of the mole and explains its characteristics and behaviour, an understanding of which is essential if successful catching techniques are to be applied. He then discusses in detail the traditional and humane methods he uses in different terrain and weather conditions, considers how to locate mole runs, describes all the different types of traps that can be employed and explains how to set the traps correctly.
This title presents Southern yeomanry's challenges to Progressivism. This first full-length study of the cattle tick eradication program in the United States offers a new perspective on the fate of the yeomanry in the twentieth-century South during a period when state and federal governments were both increasing and centralizing their authority. As Claire Strom relates the power struggles that complicated efforts to wipe out the Boophilus tick, she explains the motivations and concerns of each group involved, including large- and small-scale cattle farmers, scientists, and officials at all levels of government. In the remote rural South - such as the piney woods of south Georgia and north Florida - resistance to mandatory treatment of cattle was unusually strong and sometimes violent. Cattle often ranged free, and their owners raised them mostly for local use rather than faraway markets. Cattle farmers in such areas, shows Strom, perceived a double threat in tick eradication mandates. In addition to their added costs, eradication schemes, with their top-down imposition of government expertise, were anathema to the yeomanry's notions of liberty. Strom contextualizes her southern focus within the national scale of the cattle industry, discussing, for instance, the contentious place of cattle drives in American agricultural history. Because Mexico was the primary source of potential tick reinfestation, Strom examines the political and environmental history of the Rio Grande, giving the book a transnational perspective. Debates about the political and economic culture of small farmers have tended to focus on earlier periods in American history. Here Strom shows that pockets of yeoman culture survived into the twentieth century and that these communities had the power to block (if only temporarily) the expansion of the American state.
Since the publication of "Silent Spring" in 1962, interest in
alternative pest-management strategies has increased dramatically.
As a way to reduce the use of pesticides and keep plants healthy,
integrated pest management (IPM) has evolved to emphasize
prevention, early diagnosis (or "scouting"), and long-term control
strategies -- not quick fixes. Many nurseries, land-use agencies,
and public gardens now require the use of IPM as an intelligent,
real-world system to raise plants in an environmentally responsible
manner.
A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used for preventing, controlling, or lessening the damage caused by a pest. A pesticide may be a chemical substance, biological agent (such as a virus or bacteria), antimicrobial, disinfectant or device used against any pest. Pests include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, molluscs, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms) and microbes that compete with humans for food, destroy property, spread or are a vector for disease or cause a nuisance. Many pesticides are poisonous to humans. This book presents the latest research in the field.
The impacts of increasing climatic variability and change are global concerns but in Bangladesh, where large numbers of people are chronically exposed and vulnerable to a range of natural hazards, they are particularly critical. This resource book, Climate variability and change: adaptation to drought in Bangladesh, has been tested and prepared as a reference and guide for further training and capacity building of agricultural extension workers and development professionals to deal with climate change impacts and adaptation, using the example of drought-prone areas of Bangladesh. It also presents suggestions for a three-day training course that would be readily adaptable for any areas of Bangladesh affected by climate-related risks. The information presented on climate change adaptation would enable participants to prepare, demonstrate and implement location-specific adaptation practices and, thus, to improve the adaptive capacity of rural livelihoods to climate change in agriculture and allied sectors.
Pesticide exposure has long been a cause for concern, and with good reason. Studies have shown that all persons, but especially children, pregnant women, farmers, farmworkers, and the elderly, may experience negative health effects from pesticide exposure. These effects may include acute poisoning, cancer, neurological damage, birth defects, reduced sperm count, suppressed immune systems, and reproductive and developmental harm. This book is a comprehensive examination of pesticide use, pesticide harm, and alternatives to harmful pesticides. Levine highlights the role of farming, because a substantial majority—70 percent or more annually—of pesticides are applied in agricultural uses, thereby making their way into the food chain and into the water supply. More than 20 types of pesticides have been detected in U.S. groundwater, and it is believed that nearly 100 have the potential to invade our municipal water systems. Some level of pesticide contamination has been detected in every state, in both urban and agricultural areas. Outside of agriculture, people are exposed to pesticides primarily in the home. Approximately 90 percent of all households in the nation use pesticides, and the number and concentration of these agents indoors has been shown to be greater than outdoors. Given that Americans now spend nearly 90 percent of each day indoors, this is an issue of real concern. In addition to homes, suburban and rural corporate parks are also affected. Schools are another worrisome venue. In too many of our 110,000 school districts, untrained persons are making critical decisions about the use of pesticides in school buildings and on school grounds. No other book currently examines this issue in such breadth and depth.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) for Pesticide
Regulatory Purposes stems from the experience of the EC funded
project DEMETRA. This project combined institutes involved in the
regulatory process of pesticides, industries of the sector and
scientists to develop and offer original software for the
prediction of ecotoxicity of pesticides. Then to be used within the
dossier preparation for pesticide registration. The basis of this
book is more than three-years of research activities, discussions,
studies and successful models. This experience represents a useful
example not only for the case of pesticides, but also for the
prediction of ecotoxicity and toxicity in general.
Indiscriminate use of pesticides has resulted in problems of pest resurgence, development of resistance and environmental contamination through residues in food chain and destruction of biodiversity of resistant plants and beneficial insects. This volume hears the essential contributions from Eminent Scientists from a wide variety of research institutions, demonstrating alternative strategies and forming concrete ideas to tackle the pressing issue.
Reducing crop losses, minimizing pesticide use, avoiding pesticide residues, increasing farmer's income and enhancing environmental health are the hallmarks of sustainable agriculture. How can this be achieved through the use of green pesticides? Green pesticides refer to all types of nature-oriented and beneficial pest control materials that contribute to reduce the pest population and increase food production. They are safe and ecofriendly. They are more compatible with the environment components than synthetic pesticides. Eminent scientists have highlighted the importance of green pesticides and discuss their research findings in this volume.
POSTHARVEST PATHOGENS AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT
From reviews of the first edition: "Angus Wright has shown in a brilliant study [how] the imposition of high-yield agriculture helped to break apart the intimate relationship between cultures and ecosystems that had coevolved over long periods of time."--David W. Orr, from Earth in Mind: On Education, Environment, and the Human Prospect"The Death of Ramon Gonzalez is a blockbuster. In a dramatic, readable story, Wright has provided a new way of looking at the tragic human and environmental consequences of chemical-dependent agriculture."--Wes Jackson, The Land Institute The Death of Ramon Gonzalez has become a benchmark book since its publication in 1990. It has been taught in undergraduate and graduate courses in every social science discipline, sustainable and alternative agriculture, environmental studies, ecology, ethnic studies, public health, and Mexican, Latin American, and environmental history. The book has also been used at the University of California-Santa Cruz as a model of interdisciplinary work and at the University of Iowa as a model of fine journalism, and has inspired numerous other books, theses, films, and investigative journalism pieces. This revised edition of The Death of Ramon Gonzalez updates the science and politics of pesticides and agricultural development. In a new afterword, Angus Wright reconsiders the book's central ideas within the context of globalization, trade liberalization, and NAFTA, showing that in many ways what he called "the modern agricultural dilemma" should now be thought of as a "twenty-first century dilemma" that involves far more than agriculture.
This timely publication concentrates on the exposure to pesticides by agricultural workers and residential users of pesticides through inhalation and physical contact. The book discusses more recently discovered risks such as pesticides on indoor carpets and includes new trends in data interpretation. "Occupational & Residential Exposure Assessment for Pesticides" complements the other title on pesticide exposure in the series - "Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water," by Hamilton/Crossley and is a must for all professionals in the Pesticide Industry as well as academics.
Every year Americans use a staggering five hundred million pounds of toxic pesticides in and around their homes, schools, parks, and roads - a growing health risk for people and the environment. But are these poisons really necessary? This book, appealing to the hunter in us all, shows how to triumph in combat with pests without losing the war to toxic chemicals. Tiny Game Hunting, written in a lively and entertaining style and illustrated with detailed drawings, gives more than two hundred tried-and-true ways to control or kill common household and garden pests without using toxic pesticides.
Written by experts from across the globe, Herbicide Resistance and World Grains evaluates the weed and herbicide management systems in major world grain crops such as soybean, maize, rice, and canola. The book examines the impact of transgenic crops and new technology on resistance management. It provides background information and offers practical guidelines for the management of herbicide resistant weeds with an emphasis on a systems approach.
In efforts to limit transboundary movement of pathogens and reduce the economic and socioeconomic impact of disease in aquaculture, there is considerable scope for more effective use of DNA-based methods of pathogen detection. These technologies offer rapid results with potentially high sensitivity and specificity, at relatively low cost. However, few, if any, of the available tests have been assessed appropriately against other diagnostic methods or standardized and validated for specified applications. Implementation of standardized practices that produce reliable, useful and comparable data will require a significant investment in research, training and infrastructure development. This review recommends the development of programmes of managed cooperative research to assist more effective use of DNA-based detection tests, focusing on improving the knowledge base by identification of new and emerging pathogens, relating pathogens in the Asia region to those described elsewhere, and defining the extent of genetic variation between related pathogens. The review also recommends the development of a laboratory accreditation programme in order to achieve standardization of sampling methods and test procedures complementary to the activities of the International Office of Epizootics (OIE) in obtaining internationally agreed test standards for molecular diagnostic technologies.
This volume is a comprehensive treatment of how the principles of
ecology and conservation biology can be used to maximize biological
control. Conservation Biological Control presents various means to
modify or manipulate the environment to enhance the activities of
natural enemies of pests. It establishes a conceptual link between
ecology and the agricultural use of agents for biological control,
and discusses both theoretical issues as well as practical
management concerns. Certain to be interesting to ecologists and
entomologists, this volume will also appeal to scientists, faculty,
researchers and students interested in pest management,
horticulture, plant sciences, and agriculture.
This book examines the chemistry and mode of action of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and plant growth regulators. It follows crop protection strategies from early discoveries to the present day, emphasising the biochemical targets of the compounds discussed. Chemistry and Mode of Action of Crop Protection Agents provides an in-depth, yet easy to read and understand, review of the major classes of pesticides, explaining also the basis of their activity and selectivity. Throughout, there are many references to allow the reader to pursue areas of special interest, and each chapter contains questions to ensure that the text has been understood. This is the first book on the mode of action of pesticides to have been published in over ten years, and as such will have a very wide audience. It is aimed primarily at graduate level but will also be relevant to the needs of some sixth form and undergraduate courses, as well as to industrialists and advisors in the field of crop protection.
During this century, hundreds of billions of pounds of pesticides have been released to the global environment. How are we exposed to them? What can we do to protect ourselves? In this extraordinary analysis, John Wargo, one of the nation's leading experts in pesticide policy, traces the history of pesticide law and science, with a focus on the special hazards faced by children. By 1969, nearly 60,000 separate pesticide products were registered for use by the U.S. government, each with the expectation that pesticides could be used safely, that they quickly broke down into harmless substances, or that dangerous levels of exposure could be accurately predicted and somehow avoided. Faith in these assumptions was gradually eroded as experts grew to understand the persistence, movement, and toxicity of the chemicals involved. Nevertheless, government continues to hold the discretion to balance risks against economic benefits in its licensing decisions. The underlying legal strategy, Wargo claims, has been one that places extraordinary faith in government's ability to somehow ensure that only safe levels of contamination and exposure occur. And the effect has been systematic neglect of those exposures and risks faced by children. Wargo presents a compelling case that children are more heavily exposed to some pesticides than adults and are especially vulnerable to some adverse effects. How should the fractured body of environmental law be repaired to manage the distribution of risk? This is the central question Wargo addresses as he suggests fundamental reforms of science and law necessary to understand and contain the health risks faced by children.
Baculovirus Expression Systems and Biopesticides Edited by Michael
L. Shuler, H. Alan Wood, Robert R. Granados, and Daniel A. Hammer
Baculovirus Expression Systems and Biopesticides provides an
integrated perspective on the use of the continually evolving
baculovirus-insect cell system in the production of recombinant
proteins and genetically engineered pesticides. Divided into three
main sections--Developing Effective Virus-Insect Culture Systems,
Bioreactor Design and Scale-Up Issues, and Commercial Application
of Insect Cell Culture--the book, written by highly regarded
editors in the field, describes:
Now in its tenth edition, this famous compilation of synonyms for drugs, pesticides and other substances of pharmacological or biochemical interest has become even more international and comprehensive in its scope. Electronic storage of the data has ensured that the book is fully up to date, while the highest degree of cross referencing between entries is guaranteed. The types of names presented are: chemical names, abbreviated chemical names, source names, pharmacological names, pesticide names, names derived from places, plants or persons, research code numbers, and proprietary names (trademarks). For people working in the fields of biochemistry, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and toxicology, as well as for medical editors and drug regulatory officers, this work will prove to be an indispensable source of information.
Contains 87 currently available Pesticide Fact Sheets issued by the USEPA, at a cost far below the cost of purchasing individual fact sheets. Each listing includes a description of the chemical use patterns and formulations, scientific findings, a summary of the Agency's regulatory position/rationale, toxicology, and major data gaps. The Fact Sheets cover more than 430 trade-named pesticides. The book also has Indexes of Common Names, Generic Names, and Trade Names.
Pests of Fruit Crops: A Colour Handbook, Second Edition provides
an up-to-date illustrated account of the various pests of fruit
crops throughout Europe, many of which (or their close relatives)
are also present in non-European countries. In fact, several pose
problems on fruit crops worldwide. This authoritative book focuses
on insect and mite pests affecting fruit, hop and nut crops in both
temperate and subtropical climates. Pome fruits, stone fruits, cane
fruits, strawberries, bush fruits, hops, grapevines, citrus fruits,
nuts, figs and olives all receive attention. |
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