This book presents important research advances in the study of air pollution, as well as traffic-related air pollution, the national air quality and the role of ship emissions in air pollution. Topics discussed herein include traffic benzene pollution in Bangkok; organic pollutants in urban air; development of forecasting models for predicting hourly ozone concentrations; traffic-related air pollution; snowmobile pollution in North America; hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines; air quality standards; air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from ships; and emission control area proposals.

The Clean Air Act of 1970 set out for the United States a basic, yet ambitious, objective to reduce pollution to levels that protect health and welfare. The Act set out state and federal regulations to limit emissions and the Environmental Protection Agency was established to help enforce the regulations. The Act has since had several amendments, notably in 1977 and 1990, and has successfully helped to increase air quality. This book reviews the history of the Clean Air Act of 1970 including the political, business, and scientific elements that went into establishing the Act, emphasizing the importance that scientific evidence played in shaping policy. The analysis then extends to examine the effects of the Act over the past forty years including the Environmental Protection Agency's evolving role and the role of states and industry in shaping and implementing policy. Finally, the book offers best practices to guide allocation of respective government and industry roles to guide sustainable development. The history and analysis of the Clean Air Act presented in this book illustrates the centrality of scientific analysis and technological capacity in driving environmental policy development. It would be useful for policy makers, environmental scientists, and anyone interested in gaining a clearer understand of the interaction of science and policy.

This Unique Textbook Examines The Basic Health And Environmental Issues Associated With Air Pollution Including The Relevant Toxicology And Epidemiology. It Provides A Foundation For The Sampling And Analysis Of Air Pollutants As Well As An Understanding Of International Air Quality Regulations. Written For Upper-Level Undergraduate And Introductory Graduate Courses In Air Pollution, The Book Is Also A Valuable Desk Reference For Practicing Professionals Who Need To Have A Broad Understanding Of The Topic. Key Features: - Provides The Most Up-To-Date Coverage Of The Basic Health And Environmental Issues Associated With Air Pollution. - Offers A Broader Examination Of Air Pollution Topics, Beyond Just The Meteorological And Engineering Aspects Of Air Pollution. - Includes The Following Instructor Resources: Instructor's Manual, Powerpoint Presentations, And A Testbank. The Phalens Have Put Together A Timely Book On A Critically Important Topic That Affects All Of Us -- Air Pollution - And They Do So In A New And Highly Relevant Way: They Consider The Broad Societal Health Impacts From A Fundamental Science Viewpoint. The Epidemiology, Toxicology, And Risks Of Air Pollutants Are Included, And Ethical Issues Of Concern Are Highlighted. This Book Is A Must-Read For Students Who Wish To Become Professionals In The Air Quality Field And For Students Of Environmental Science Whose Work Includes Air Pollution Issues. The Book Is A Significant Contribution To The Discipline." - Cliff I. Davidson, Director, Center For Sustainable Engineering; Thomas C. And Colleen L. Wilmot Professor Of Engineering, Syracuse Center Of Excellence In Environmental And Energy Systems And Department Of Civil And Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University "Truly, Human Well-Being And Public Health In The 21St Century May Hinge On Our Ability To Anticipate, Recognize, Evaluate, Control, And Confirm Responsible Management Of Air Pollution. This Timely, Informative, And Insightful Text Provides A Solid Introduction For Students And A Technically Sound Handbook For Professionals Seeking Literacy And Critical Thinking, Real-Life Examples, Understanding (Not Just Rote Applications), Opportunities For Continuous Improvement, And Modern Tools For Assessing And Managing Current And Evolving Air Pollution Challenges." - Mark D. Hoover, Phd, CHP, CIH Aerosol And Health Science Researcher, Author, And Editor

Although addressing greenhouse gases is a leading priority of the President and many members of Congress, the ability to limit these emissions already exists under Clean Air Act authorities that Congress has enacted. In response to the Supreme Court decision, EPA has begun the process of using this existing authority, issuing an "endangerment finding" for greenhouse gases and proposing greenhouse gas (GHG) regulations for new motor vehicles. This book reviews the various options that the EPA could exercise to control GHG emissions from stationary sources under the Act.

Pollution is the release of chemical, physical, biological or radioactive contaminants to the environment. Principal forms of pollution include: air pollution, the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Common examples include carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Ozone and smog are created as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight. Water pollution affects oceans and inland bodies of water. Examples include organic and inorganic chemicals, heavy metals, petrochemicals, chloroform, and bacteria. Water pollution may also occur in the form of thermal pollution and the depletion of dissolved oxygen. Soil contamination often occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground storage tank leakage. Contaminants include hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE, herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Often occurs with water pollution, thanks to surface runoff and groundwater. Radioactive contamination was added in the wake of 20th-century discoveries in atomic physics. Noise pollution encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high-intensity sonar. Light pollution, includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical interference. Visual pollution, which can refer to the presence of overhead power lines, highway billboards, scarred landforms (as from strip mining), open storage of junk or municipal solid waste. The nature, distribution and ecological effects of all types and forms of pollutants in air, soil and water are the subject of this book.

This book presents the latest research on the crucial issues and the standards necessary to assess, monitor and increase air quality. Particular emphasis is paid to problems related to urban air quality.

Soil contamination is caused by the presence of man-made chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. This type of contamination typically arises from the rupture of underground storage tanks, application of pesticides, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, oil and fuel dumping, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals. The occurrence of this phenomenon is correlated with the degree of industrialisation and intensity of chemical usage. The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, both of direct contact and from secondary contamination of water supplies. It is in North America and Western Europe that the extent of contaminated land is most well known, with many countries in these areas having a legal framework to identify and deal with this environmental problem; this however may well be just the tip of the iceberg with developing countries very likely to be the next generation of new soil contamination cases. This book gathers the latest research from around the globe in this field.

Soil remediation deals with the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil and groundwater. This book presents new research the contamination of building materials with chemicals, which occurs as a result of storage, spills, and also catastrophic floods and hurricanes. Included in this book is an analysis and comparison of three protocols for the removal of chemicals trapped within building materials. The substantial economic consequences of heavy metal contamination in ecosystems, which poses major environmental problems world-wide, are presented as well. This book discusses the use of plants to remove or immobilise contaminants as a potentially safe and low cost method for the remediation of metal contaminated soil. Membrane techniques applied in water treatment from soil remediation are also reviewed and discussed with the aim to remove and/or recover metals and recycle water.

Cleaner production as an environmental pollution preventive practice was systematically introduced into China in the 1990s. Since then, China has taken considerable efforts to conduct regulatory, institutional, and policy reform to promote cleaner production throughout the country. This document details these efforts.

Increase in the population has led to rapid industrialization, thus leading to pollution at all levels. With industries of various types discharging their all types of effluents in various sources of water, a constant need has been felt for recycling of these effluents, before discharging them in to these sources. The book makes an attempt to equip it's readers with each and every aspect of recycling of industrial effluents. The entire book provides adequate information from the very basics to various types of recycling techniques.

The Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control (3rd Edition) provides a detailed review of the chemistry and operating conditions of many of the present large-scale chemical processes important to our economy and high standards of living. The processes that could lead to emissions affecting our air, soil, and water are considered, together with ways in which it may be possible to reduce or eliminate these pollutants. Focusing on cleaner production concepts without neglecting 'end of pipe' measures. With an increase in the awareness of corporate and social responsibility among business and industry leaders, the pressure to reduce harmful emissions and the desire to increase efficiencies and energy utilization, this book provides an essential resource. Suitable for researchers, practitioners and postgraduate students in the fields of chemical and biochemical engineering and environmental science, as well as government monitoring and regulatory agencies and industry leaders who want to stay one step ahead, this book will be a valuable addition to any library.
* Integrated treatment of chemical technology with emission control chemistry
* Introductory outline of the causes and effects of air and water pollution chemistry
* Outline of the operating features and efficiency of basic emission control devices
* Historical background of developments in industrial chemistry to 2004 in a single volume
* Organized for easy access to chemical technology, new developments, or emission control details
* Referenced to current additional sources of information in each area covered
* Review questions provide working experience with the material provided

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) scrubbers may be used by electricity generating units to meet the requirements of Phase II of the Acid Rain SO2 Reduction Program. Additionally, the use of scrubbers can result in reduction of mercury and particulate matter emissions. It is timely, therefore, to review commercially available flue gas desulfurisation (FGD) technologies that have an established record of performance. The review of FGD technologies presented in this book describes these technologies, assesses their applications, and characterises their performance. Additionally, the book describes some of the advances that have occurred in FGD technologies. Finally, an analysis of the costs associated with applications of limestone forced oxidation, lime spray dryer, and magnesium-enhanced lime FGD processes is presented. Contents: Introduction; FGD Technology; Technology Applications; Performance; Advances; FGD Cost; Additional Benefits; References; Index.

Management of industrial processes and the waste streams they create is a fundamental aspect of careers in environmental engineering and technology. These individuals must understand how production processes can be modified to reduce the wastes that emerge as manufacturing byproducts, as well as how to manage those waste streams in the most cost-efficient way possible. This fourth volume in the PETE (Partnership for Environmental Technology Education) PRESERVING THE LEGACY Series is an introduction to the subject.

This newly updated and expanded edition of Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment covers the fundamental principles of mass transport, chemical partitioning, and
chemical/biological transformations in surface waters, in soil and groundwater, and in air. Each
of these three major environmental media are introduced by descriptive overviews, followed by
presentation of the controlling physical, chemical, and biological processes. The text
emphasizes intuitively based mathematical models for chemical transport and transformations in
the environment, and serves both as a textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate courses in
environmental science and engineering, and as a standard reference for environmental practitioners.
Key Features
* Provides an integrated coverage of major environmental media
* Presents a quantitative treatment of fate and transport processes
* Is based on a graduate-level course taught for 10 years at MIT, augmented with practical consulting experience
* Features examples and illustrations throughout the text
* Includes extensive exercises at the end of each chapter
* Contains ample references to the primary literature

Quite often in developing countries, the economy progresses while the environment deteriorates because pollution control measures appear too costly to implement. What the World Bank proposes in the 'Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook 1998' is environmental management rather than pollution control. To accomplish this, the book recommends a broad mix of incentives and pressures to achieve sustainable improvements such as setting clear goals and objectives, agreeing on priorities, cooperating on approaches, sharing information, and setting realistic standards. The Handbook comprises three parts: a summary of key policy lessons in pollution management, good practice notes on implementation of policy objectives, and detailed guidelines intended for the preparation of World Bank Group projects. The application of the guidelines set out in Part III can minimize the use of resources as well as reduce the quantity of wastes requiring treatment and disposal. They are designed to protect human health, reduce discharge of pollutants into the environment, use commercially proven and cost-effective technologies, follow regulatory trends, and promote good industrial practices. These guidelines represent good environmental management practices, which can be achieved and maintained with the levels of skills and resources typically available in countries in which the World Bank operates. The World Bank Group in collaboration with United Nations Industrial Development Organization and United Nations Environment Programme.

A unique opportunity to learn about the most important developments in environmental applications of ionizing radiation

This book makes it easy for scientists and engineers to acquaint themselves with the state of the art in ionizing radiation techniques for pollution control, environmental cleanup, and waste processing. With contributions by more than 100 researchers working in industry, academia, and government, it reports from around the world on the most important recent advances in the field. From the latest refinements in electron beam technology to new techniques for the purification of flue gases, and from radiation recycling of rubber wastes to radiation-induced cleanup of water and wastewater, this valuable resource covers all established and emerging environmental applications of ionizing radiation.

The only book available in English to focus exclusively on the subject, Environmental Applications of Ionizing Radiation belongs in the working library of every aspiring or practicing scientist or engineer concerned with environmental pollution.

Radiation has long been used in food processing, medical device sterilization, and polymer production, but only recently has it begun to be widely accepted as a valued component in environmental cleanup initiatives. The growing popularity of radiation as a means of neutralizing both natural and synthetic contaminants is due, in great part, to impressive results recently achieved by researchers worldwide using ionizing radiation methods, especially those involving electron beam techniques. Despite these many successes, there continues to be a conspicuous poverty of professional references on the subject. Environmental Applications of Ionizing Radiation fills that gap.

Environmental Applications of Ionizing Radiation brings together contributions by more than 100 leading scientists from the Americas, Europe, and Asia. The first English-language text devoted exclusively to this exciting growth area, it affords readers a unique opportunity to acquaint themselves with state-of-the-art applications of ionizing radiation for solving environmental remediation problems. Featuring many fascinating and informative case studies from around the world, it brings scientists and engineers quickly in line with the latest advances in:

• Electron beam design
• Flue gas treatment using electron beams
• Ionizing radiation in pollution control
• Irradiation treatment of industrial wastes
• Irradiation treatment of soil and biosolids
• Irradiation and photocatalytic processes
• New and emerging applications of ionizing radiation.

Environmental Applications of Ionizing Radiation is a valuable working resource for civil, chemical, and environmental engineers and scientists involved with pollution control, water treatment, and natural and industrial waste treatment. It also belongs on the syllabuses of all graduate-level engineering courses in air and water management.

Der Band "Umweltbeauftragte im Krankenhaus" basiert auf Vortdigen einer Fach tagung des Umweltinstituts Offenbach im Marz 1994, die nun in teils tiberarbeiteter und erganzter Form vorliegen. Umweltbeauftragte - in der Industrie langst institutionalisiert - erreichen im Untemehmen Krankenhaus erst langsam den Stellenwert, der ihnen von der Bedeu tung her zukommt. Neben den klassischen Betriebsbeauftragten flir Umweltschutz, den Abfall-, Gewasserschutz- und Immissionsschutzbeauftragten, wird im Krankenhaus zuneh mend dartiber nachgedacht, wie sich Umweltschutz organisatorisch in den Betrieb einbinden Hillt. Die Beitrage beleuchten zunachst die Situation der gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Umweltschutzbeauftragten, ihre Aufgaben, den rechtlichen Hintergrund und ihr Anforderungsprofil. Umweltbeauftragte, oftmals im Spannungsfeld zwischen oko nomischen Interessen und gesetzlichen Anforderungen, haben es besonders im Krankenhaus nicht leicht, ihren Standort in der Betriebsorganisation zu finden. In ihrer yom Gesetzgeber definierten Kontroll- und Uberwachungsfunktion bleibt ihnen zudem wenig Zeit ftir konzeptionelle Arbeit. Losungsmoglichkeiten, diese Mangel zu beheben, werden hier beschrieben und neue Organisationsformen vorgestellt, urn eine effektive Umweltschutzarbeit zu gewahrleisten."

Keep pace with the rapid developments in bioremediation field investigations

Youll welcome the rigorous project evaluation, design and operation guidelines this valuable guide puts at your disposal. Industry veteran John Cookson delivers job-tested insights into the most effective methods and provides the step-by-step details you need to put them to work.

Using plenty of case studies to demystify complex procedures, he gives you the tools you need to evaluate the potential for biodegradation of major classes of organic compounds; conduct treatability studies; assess the feasibility of bioremediation for any situation; and much,much more.

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Air Pollution and Its Application in Public Health reviews, in detail, the tools needed to understand the spatial temporal distribution and trends of air pollution in the atmosphere, including how this information can be tied into the diverse amount of public health data available using accurate GIS techniques. By utilizing GIS to monitor, analyze and visualize air pollution problems, it has proven to not only be the most powerful, accurate and flexible way to understand the atmosphere, but also a great way to understand the impact air pollution has in diverse populations. This book is essential reading for novices and experts in atmospheric science, geography and any allied fields investigating air pollution.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This new compendium volume examines the significant impact of air quality on human health. Assessing air pollution in complex morphologies has become an important issue in order to implement mitigation measures and limit emissions from the most relevant sources, such as waste incineration, traffic emissions, emissions from fuel and electricity production, and household emissions. These pollutants result in adverse health effects, material damage, damage to ecosystems, and global climate change. The book looks at these issues and is divided into several sections, covering air pollution and where we came from and where we're headed waste incineration and its impact on air quality air pollution vehicle and transportation emissions emissions from fuel and electricity production The chapters in Pollution and the Atmosphere: Designs for Reduced Emissions contain recent research looking at the two major components of air pollution: air pollution control and air-quality engineering. Air pollution control focuses on the fundamentals of air pollutant formation in process technologies and the identification of options for mitigating or preventing air pollutant emissions. Air quality engineering deals with large-scale, multi-source control strategies, with focus on the physics and chemistry of pollutant interactions in the atmosphere.

Chemicals are an essential part of everyday life and all too-often taken for granted, yet often portrayed negatively in the media. Concern over the deleterious effects of chemicals to the environment and human health have prompted governments in the developed world to establish screening programmes such as REACH and HPV Challenge to identify chemicals presenting the greatest degree of risk to health and the environment. While such programmes identify chemicals with the greatest risk, there is no ranking system for alternative chemicals, which while being potentially less harmful, still carry a degree of risk. This volume of the Issues in Environmental Science and Technology series investigates how the alternatives can be assessed and their risk determined. With contributions from experts across the globe, this volume addresses some of the key concepts behind risk assessment of alternative chemicals. Some of the current protocols adopted are discussed, and several chapters explore the topic in the context of industry, making this book essential reading for industrialists as well as academics, postgraduate students and policy makers.