Greenhouse gas emissions have increased markedly since the pre-industrial era and are increasing at such a rate that their concentration in the atmosphere is producing a warming influence on the global climate. In order to make well-informed decisions on ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is important to understand how the different economic sectors contribute to the production of greenhouse gases, which sectors are relatively carbon dioxide (CO2) intensive, and how these patterns have evolved over time. This book analyses energy-related CO2 emissions and intensities for 349 industries, Government (Federal, state and local), and Households. The 349 industries cover the entire economy, providing information on detailed sub-sectors within the aggregate sectors of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Mining, Construction, Manufacturing, Transportation Services, and all other services.

The chemical pollution that irrevocably damages today's environment is, although many would like us to believe otherwise, the legacy of conscious choices made long ago. During the years before and just after World War II, discoveries like leaded gasoline and DDT came to market, creating new hazards even as the expansion and mechanization of industry exacerbated old ones. Dangers still felt today--smog, pesticides, lead, chromium, chlorinated solvents, asbestos, even global warming--were already recognized by chemists, engineers, doctors, and business managers of that era. A few courageous individuals spoke out without compromise, but still more ignored scientific truth in pursuit of money and prestige.
The Polluters reveals at last the crucial decisions that allowed environmental issues to be trumped by political agendas. It spotlights the leaders of the chemical industry and describes how they applied their economic and political power to prevent the creation of an effective system of environmental regulation. Research was slanted, unwelcome discoveries were suppressed, and friendly experts were placed in positions of influence, as science was subverted to serve the interests of business. The story of The Polluters is one that needs to be told, an unflinching depiction of the onslaught of chemical pollution and the chemical industry's unwillingness to face up to its devastating effects.

In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the technology, measurement techniques and environmental effects of carbon sequestration. Topics discussed include biomass and its role in climate change; forestry carbon sequestration projects in the agricultural sector; assessing the carbon-stock potentinal by biomass of a Mediterranean agroforestry landscape; biochar as a fertiliser substitute and method to sequester carbon in soils; and the impact of crop plant residues on carbon sequestration in soil.

This book presents and discusses current research in the study of soil contaminants. Particular attention is placed on the effect soil contaminants have on crop production and growth. Topics discussed include a risk assessment of arsenic in homegrown vegetables; soil properties and crop performance in the semi-arid subtropics of Australia; pesticides as a threat or boon to fertile agricultural lands; amendment-enhanced phytoextraction of soil contaminants and the ecological significances of secondary metabolites in terrestrial biosystems.

Human activities may contribute to climate change by causing changes in Earth's atmosphere in the amounts of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O and the halocarbons, a group of gases containing fluorine, chlorine and bromine linked to carbon), aerosols (small particles), and cloudiness. The largest known contribution comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide, water vapour and other gases to the atmosphere. Significant increases in all of these gases have occurred in the industrial era because most of these gases accumulate in the atmosphere, causing concentrations to increase with time. This book presents and discusses the latest research in the climate change field and its relation to pollution.

According to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), more than 16,220 waste generators produced over 35.3 million tons of hazardous waste in 2009 in the United States. Every firm that generates hazardous waste must, by law, handle that waste in accordance with regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Failure to do so can harm the environment and human health and trigger civil and criminal and enforcement actions, resulting in huge monetary fines and penalties, lengthy prison terms and plant closures.

" But what exactly is a hazardous waste?" For the purposes of compliance with RCRA regulations, the answer to this question is a complex one, entangled in a web of definitions, policy, rules and guidelines that are ambiguous, unfamiliar and sometimes contradictory.

If you are responsible for complying with RCRA regulations, or working with those who do, you ll want to read "How to Recognize a Hazardous Waste (even if it s wearing dark glasses)." This is the updated and expanded edition of the book which, for over two decades, has been helping companies comply with the law. This book distills RCRA s myriad of hazardous waste identification rules, policies, and guidelines to their essence, presenting them in a straight-forward manner using illustrations, diagrams, and simple, clear language.

Features include:

questions and answers at the end of each chapter making it an excellent training guide flow diagrams that simplify regulatory mazes clear explanations of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), hazardous debris, and the contained in policy and rule special sections covering used oil regulations and universal wastes examples that show principles of hazardous waste identification and classification guidance to help you determine if a listed waste may be delisted inventory and profile sheet organizes solid waste information a list of significant EPA regulatory memoranda that show you where to get additional information

Written by an environmental regulatory expert who devoted his career to the handling of hazardous wastes, the dark glasses book takes a simple approach with plentiful illustrations making it ideal as both a training guide and reference material.

The Clean Air Act of 1970 set out for the United States a basic, yet ambitious, objective to reduce pollution to levels that protect health and welfare. The Act set out state and federal regulations to limit emissions and the Environmental Protection Agency was established to help enforce the regulations. The Act has since had several amendments, notably in 1977 and 1990, and has successfully helped to increase air quality. This book reviews the history of the Clean Air Act of 1970 including the political, business, and scientific elements that went into establishing the Act, emphasizing the importance that scientific evidence played in shaping policy. The analysis then extends to examine the effects of the Act over the past forty years including the Environmental Protection Agency's evolving role and the role of states and industry in shaping and implementing policy. Finally, the book offers best practices to guide allocation of respective government and industry roles to guide sustainable development. The history and analysis of the Clean Air Act presented in this book illustrates the centrality of scientific analysis and technological capacity in driving environmental policy development. It would be useful for policy makers, environmental scientists, and anyone interested in gaining a clearer understand of the interaction of science and policy.

In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of air pollution emissions. Topics discussed include opportunities for sustainable energy development and applications in building environments and air pollution controls; hydrocarbon air pollution laser monitoring; inventory and behaviour of air pollutants in an urban area of NW Spain and spatial modelling of air pollution based on traffic emissions.

This Unique Textbook Examines The Basic Health And Environmental Issues Associated With Air Pollution Including The Relevant Toxicology And Epidemiology. It Provides A Foundation For The Sampling And Analysis Of Air Pollutants As Well As An Understanding Of International Air Quality Regulations. Written For Upper-Level Undergraduate And Introductory Graduate Courses In Air Pollution, The Book Is Also A Valuable Desk Reference For Practicing Professionals Who Need To Have A Broad Understanding Of The Topic. Key Features: - Provides The Most Up-To-Date Coverage Of The Basic Health And Environmental Issues Associated With Air Pollution. - Offers A Broader Examination Of Air Pollution Topics, Beyond Just The Meteorological And Engineering Aspects Of Air Pollution. - Includes The Following Instructor Resources: Instructor's Manual, Powerpoint Presentations, And A Testbank. The Phalens Have Put Together A Timely Book On A Critically Important Topic That Affects All Of Us -- Air Pollution - And They Do So In A New And Highly Relevant Way: They Consider The Broad Societal Health Impacts From A Fundamental Science Viewpoint. The Epidemiology, Toxicology, And Risks Of Air Pollutants Are Included, And Ethical Issues Of Concern Are Highlighted. This Book Is A Must-Read For Students Who Wish To Become Professionals In The Air Quality Field And For Students Of Environmental Science Whose Work Includes Air Pollution Issues. The Book Is A Significant Contribution To The Discipline." - Cliff I. Davidson, Director, Center For Sustainable Engineering; Thomas C. And Colleen L. Wilmot Professor Of Engineering, Syracuse Center Of Excellence In Environmental And Energy Systems And Department Of Civil And Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University "Truly, Human Well-Being And Public Health In The 21St Century May Hinge On Our Ability To Anticipate, Recognize, Evaluate, Control, And Confirm Responsible Management Of Air Pollution. This Timely, Informative, And Insightful Text Provides A Solid Introduction For Students And A Technically Sound Handbook For Professionals Seeking Literacy And Critical Thinking, Real-Life Examples, Understanding (Not Just Rote Applications), Opportunities For Continuous Improvement, And Modern Tools For Assessing And Managing Current And Evolving Air Pollution Challenges." - Mark D. Hoover, Phd, CHP, CIH Aerosol And Health Science Researcher, Author, And Editor

The term ecotoxicology is the branch of toxicology concerned with the study of toxic effects, caused by natural or synthetic pollutants, to the constituents of ecosystems, animal (including human), vegetable and microbial. This book discusses the ecotoxicological effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment; the effects of various ecotoxicants on nematodes; salinity threats to agricultural productivity; sorption and the ecological risk assessment of non-ionic organic contaminants; and the application of ecotoxicological tools in the assessment, monitoring of Brazilian waters; and others.

With increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, the extent of effects on the ocean and marine resources is an increasing concern. One aspect of this issue is the potential for seawater to become increasing acidic (i.e., ocean acidification). Scientists are concerned that increasing acidity could result in reduced growth or even death of shell-forming animals as well as disruption of marine food webs and reproductive physiology. Congress is beginning to focus attention on better understanding this issue and determining how it might be addressed. As well as examining the above issues, this book also presents an overview of the causes of hypoxia, the U.S. areas of most concern, federal legislation, and relevant research programs. In addition, this book reviews the history and oil spills in the United States; identifies the legal authorities governing oil spill prevention, response and cleanup; and examines the threats of future oil spills in U.S. coastal waters. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

Cleaner production as an environmental pollution preventive practice was systematically introduced into China in the 1990s. Since then, China has taken considerable efforts to conduct regulatory, institutional, and policy reform to promote cleaner production throughout the country. This document details these efforts.

Hazardous waste is a waste with properties that make it dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment. Hazardous waste generally exhibits one or more of these characteristics: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity or toxicity. The universe of hazardous wastes is large and diverse. Hazardous wastes can be liquids, solids, contained gases, or sludges. They can be the by-products of manufacturing processes or simply discarded commercial products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides. One major type is radioactive waste. This book brings together the latest research in this diverse field.

Increase in the population has led to rapid industrialization, thus leading to pollution at all levels. With industries of various types discharging their all types of effluents in various sources of water, a constant need has been felt for recycling of these effluents, before discharging them in to these sources. The book makes an attempt to equip it's readers with each and every aspect of recycling of industrial effluents. The entire book provides adequate information from the very basics to various types of recycling techniques.

This book covers one of the most neglected areas in environmental trace analysis, namely that of sample preparation. The text discusses all of the necessary steps for analysing a sample for both trace metals and organics, from the initial sampling protocols, through the range of possible sample preparation methods, and leading finally to the analysis and recording of data. Detailed information is provided on the specific methods to follow for preparing a sample for metal and organic analyses.

The topics covered include the following:

• Basic laboratory skills

• Investigative approaches for sample preparation

• Sampling

• Storage of samples

• Sample preparation for inorganic analysis - solids and liquids

• Sample preparation for organic analysis - solids, liquids and volatile compounds

• Pre-concentration approaches

• Instrumental techniques for trace analysis

• Up-to-date information on the latest developments in sample preparation for metals and organics.

• Written in an open learning/distance learning style, it is ideal for use as a self-study guide or as the basis of a taught course.

• The provision of a comprehensive bibliography to guide the reader to more specialized texts and sources.

Management of industrial processes and the waste streams they create is a fundamental aspect of careers in environmental engineering and technology. These individuals must understand how production processes can be modified to reduce the wastes that emerge as manufacturing byproducts, as well as how to manage those waste streams in the most cost-efficient way possible. This fourth volume in the PETE (Partnership for Environmental Technology Education) PRESERVING THE LEGACY Series is an introduction to the subject.

Quite often in developing countries, the economy progresses while the environment deteriorates because pollution control measures appear too costly to implement. What the World Bank proposes in the 'Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook 1998' is environmental management rather than pollution control. To accomplish this, the book recommends a broad mix of incentives and pressures to achieve sustainable improvements such as setting clear goals and objectives, agreeing on priorities, cooperating on approaches, sharing information, and setting realistic standards. The Handbook comprises three parts: a summary of key policy lessons in pollution management, good practice notes on implementation of policy objectives, and detailed guidelines intended for the preparation of World Bank Group projects. The application of the guidelines set out in Part III can minimize the use of resources as well as reduce the quantity of wastes requiring treatment and disposal. They are designed to protect human health, reduce discharge of pollutants into the environment, use commercially proven and cost-effective technologies, follow regulatory trends, and promote good industrial practices. These guidelines represent good environmental management practices, which can be achieved and maintained with the levels of skills and resources typically available in countries in which the World Bank operates. The World Bank Group in collaboration with United Nations Industrial Development Organization and United Nations Environment Programme.

A unique opportunity to learn about the most important developments in environmental applications of ionizing radiation

This book makes it easy for scientists and engineers to acquaint themselves with the state of the art in ionizing radiation techniques for pollution control, environmental cleanup, and waste processing. With contributions by more than 100 researchers working in industry, academia, and government, it reports from around the world on the most important recent advances in the field. From the latest refinements in electron beam technology to new techniques for the purification of flue gases, and from radiation recycling of rubber wastes to radiation-induced cleanup of water and wastewater, this valuable resource covers all established and emerging environmental applications of ionizing radiation.

The only book available in English to focus exclusively on the subject, Environmental Applications of Ionizing Radiation belongs in the working library of every aspiring or practicing scientist or engineer concerned with environmental pollution.

Radiation has long been used in food processing, medical device sterilization, and polymer production, but only recently has it begun to be widely accepted as a valued component in environmental cleanup initiatives. The growing popularity of radiation as a means of neutralizing both natural and synthetic contaminants is due, in great part, to impressive results recently achieved by researchers worldwide using ionizing radiation methods, especially those involving electron beam techniques. Despite these many successes, there continues to be a conspicuous poverty of professional references on the subject. Environmental Applications of Ionizing Radiation fills that gap.

Environmental Applications of Ionizing Radiation brings together contributions by more than 100 leading scientists from the Americas, Europe, and Asia. The first English-language text devoted exclusively to this exciting growth area, it affords readers a unique opportunity to acquaint themselves with state-of-the-art applications of ionizing radiation for solving environmental remediation problems. Featuring many fascinating and informative case studies from around the world, it brings scientists and engineers quickly in line with the latest advances in:

• Electron beam design
• Flue gas treatment using electron beams
• Ionizing radiation in pollution control
• Irradiation treatment of industrial wastes
• Irradiation treatment of soil and biosolids
• Irradiation and photocatalytic processes
• New and emerging applications of ionizing radiation.

Environmental Applications of Ionizing Radiation is a valuable working resource for civil, chemical, and environmental engineers and scientists involved with pollution control, water treatment, and natural and industrial waste treatment. It also belongs on the syllabuses of all graduate-level engineering courses in air and water management.

Der Band "Umweltbeauftragte im Krankenhaus" basiert auf Vortdigen einer Fach tagung des Umweltinstituts Offenbach im Marz 1994, die nun in teils tiberarbeiteter und erganzter Form vorliegen. Umweltbeauftragte - in der Industrie langst institutionalisiert - erreichen im Untemehmen Krankenhaus erst langsam den Stellenwert, der ihnen von der Bedeu tung her zukommt. Neben den klassischen Betriebsbeauftragten flir Umweltschutz, den Abfall-, Gewasserschutz- und Immissionsschutzbeauftragten, wird im Krankenhaus zuneh mend dartiber nachgedacht, wie sich Umweltschutz organisatorisch in den Betrieb einbinden Hillt. Die Beitrage beleuchten zunachst die Situation der gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Umweltschutzbeauftragten, ihre Aufgaben, den rechtlichen Hintergrund und ihr Anforderungsprofil. Umweltbeauftragte, oftmals im Spannungsfeld zwischen oko nomischen Interessen und gesetzlichen Anforderungen, haben es besonders im Krankenhaus nicht leicht, ihren Standort in der Betriebsorganisation zu finden. In ihrer yom Gesetzgeber definierten Kontroll- und Uberwachungsfunktion bleibt ihnen zudem wenig Zeit ftir konzeptionelle Arbeit. Losungsmoglichkeiten, diese Mangel zu beheben, werden hier beschrieben und neue Organisationsformen vorgestellt, urn eine effektive Umweltschutzarbeit zu gewahrleisten."

Keep pace with the rapid developments in bioremediation field investigations

Youll welcome the rigorous project evaluation, design and operation guidelines this valuable guide puts at your disposal. Industry veteran John Cookson delivers job-tested insights into the most effective methods and provides the step-by-step details you need to put them to work.

Using plenty of case studies to demystify complex procedures, he gives you the tools you need to evaluate the potential for biodegradation of major classes of organic compounds; conduct treatability studies; assess the feasibility of bioremediation for any situation; and much,much more.

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Air Pollution and Its Application in Public Health reviews, in detail, the tools needed to understand the spatial temporal distribution and trends of air pollution in the atmosphere, including how this information can be tied into the diverse amount of public health data available using accurate GIS techniques. By utilizing GIS to monitor, analyze and visualize air pollution problems, it has proven to not only be the most powerful, accurate and flexible way to understand the atmosphere, but also a great way to understand the impact air pollution has in diverse populations. This book is essential reading for novices and experts in atmospheric science, geography and any allied fields investigating air pollution.