Wastewater treatment is usually characterized as consisting of four sequential processes: preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary treatment. This course will introduce you to processes and equipment for secondary treatment of wastewater. You will be introduced to descriptions, functions and design considerations for trickling filter plants, activated sludge plants, and wastewater treatment ponds. You will be introduced to special considerations for wastewater treatment plants in hot and cold climates. You will learn how the secondary treatment processes work together with the preliminary, primary, tertiary and sludge handling processes to form a complete wastewater treatment plant.

Standard Handbook Oil Spill Environmental Forensics: Fingerprinting and Source Identification, Second Edition, provides users with the latest information on the tools and methods that have become popular over the past ten years. The book presents practitioners with the latest environmental forensics techniques and best practices for quickly identifying the sources of spills, how to form an effective response, and how to determine liability. This second edition represents a complete overhaul of the existing chapters, and includes 13 new chapters on methods and applications, such as emerging application of PAHi isomers in oil spill forensics, development and application of computerized oil spill identification (COSI), and fingerprinting of oil in biological and passive sampling devices.

This publication will introduce you to processes and equipment for handling, treating and disposing of sludge produced by wastewater treatment plants. You will learn about sludge pumping, thickening, conditioning, dewatering, digestion, storage and final disposition. You will learn about loading parameters for gravity thickeners and operational parameters for air flotation thickeners. You will learn guidelines for chemical conditioning of sludges; and advantages, disadvantages and shortcomings of filter presses, basket centrifuges, and solid bowl decanter centrifuges. You will learn about design parameters for aerobic and standard and high-rate anaerobic sludge digesters.

Air pollution originating from rapid industrialization, urbanization, population growth and economic development has disturbed the urban ecosystems of ecologically sensitive regions like the Indo-Burma hot spot, and they are under severe air pollution stress with limited resources to collect data on what is happening. Air pollutants comprised of both particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants may cause adverse health effects in human, affect plant life and impact the global environment by changing the atmosphere of the earth. It is now well established that urban PM may also contain magnetic particles along with other air pollutants. Biomonitoring of PM through magnetic properties, known as biomagnetic monitoring, measures the magnetic parameters of dust loaded plant leaves, giving a new opportunity to monitor. Compared to existing conventional technologies, biomagnetic monitoring is an eco-friendly technique perfect in urban areas. Biomagnetic Monitoring of Particulate Matter reviews the issues with PM and the potential of these methods to on tropical vegetation on a variety of flora which represent the biodiversity of the Indo-Burma Hot Spot.

Modeling of Chemical Wear is a one-stop resource for students, researchers and professionals seeking quick and effective tribological evaluations of environmentally friendly and energy efficient products. This book considers optimizing additive combinations by proper methodology, bridging the gap between theory and practice. It defines effective approaches to evaluate antiwear chemical additives commonly used in industry, enhancing the mapping ability of their performance to reduce the extent of full scale evaluations.

Dinero the Frog Learns to Save Energy is a fun and educational book about energy conservation. Poppi the Frog teaches Dinero about energy, where it comes from, how it is used, and what we can do to conserve energy and reduce pollution. Aligns with National Education Science Standards (NSES).

Environmental Enforcement and Compliance: Lessons from Pollution, Safety, and Tax Settings reviews what economists do and do not know about the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of pollution monitoring and enforcement. The focus is mainly on lessons for and from the U.S. policy environment but discusses important research findings from international Settings as well. The authors draw most of their insights from a Subjective assessment of the existing theoretical, experimental, and empirical environmental economics literature but, where appropriate, lessons are drawn from criminal, tax compliance, and occupational health and safety Settings. The criminal literature is examined because the historical law and economic foundations of the environmental enforcement literature were developed in this context. The tax context is considered because the availability of data have generated an especially rich and diverse theoretical, empirical, and experimental literature, which has also been often applied to environmental compliance. The authors draw on the health and safety literature because the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency have similarly broad regulatory authority and often share institutional features. Environmental Enforcement and Compliance: Lessons from Pollution, Safety, and Tax Settings focuses is on five questions: (1) What do environmental monitoring and enforcement actions look like in the real world? (2) How do we assess environmental compliance and deterrence? (3) Do environmental monitoring and enforcement actions get results? (4) How, why, and when do inspections and sanctions achieve compliance and reduce pollution? And (5) what do the answers to the preceding questions tell us about designing and implementing more effective and more cost effective public policies for the environment? After an introduction, section 2 reviews key institutions. Section 3 discusses measuring environmental performance and compliance, paying particular attention to the perils and promise of assessing compliance in the presence of self-reported pollution. Section 4 summarizes how inspections and sanctions might influence compliance, and section 5 reviews the existing evidence on the deterrence effects of environmental monitoring and enforcement. Section 6 investigates lessons from occupational safety and tax compliance Settings. Section 7 explores mechanisms and motivations for compliance, focusing on both rational-actor models and more recent socio-behavioral models. Section 8 highlights key lessons for policy, and section 9 briefly concludes with directions for future research.

Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern is a compendium of chemical-specific toxicity information with discussions on the rationale and development of Wildlife Toxicity Reference Values (TRVs) intended for use on terrestrial wildlife for risk assessment applications. Substances covered include military-related chemicals including explosives, propellants, pesticides and metals. Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern is a much-needed resource designed to meet the needs of those seeking toxicological information for ecological risk assessment purposes. Each chapter targets a specific chemical and considers the current knowledge of the toxicological impacts of chemicals to terrestrial wildlife including mammalian, avian, amphibian and reptilian species.

Traditional site remediation approaches typically focus on the reduction of containment concentrations to meet cleanup goals or risk-based corrective levels with a primary emphasis on remediation program cost and timeframe. Such an approach, however, may result in ancillary impacts to the environment that, when considered in totality with the remediation activity, result in a net negative impact to the environment. In contrast to a traditional remediation approach, Green and Sustainable Remediation is a holistic approach to remediation that considers ancillary environmental impacts, and aims to optimize net effects to the environment. The Green and Sustainable Remediation approach addresses a broad range of environmental, social, and economic impacts during all remediation phases. The objective of the approach is to achieve remedial goals through more efficient, sustainable strategies that conserve resources and protect air, water, and soil quality through reduced emissions and other waste burdens. Green and Sustainable Remediation also simultaneously encourages the reuse of remediated land and enhanced long-term financial returns for investments. Though the potential benefits are enormous, many environmental professionals and project stakeholders to not utilize green and sustainable technologies because they are unaware of methods for selection and implementation. Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Sites describes the Green and Sustainable Remediation decision framework, presents qualitative and quantitative assessment tools, including multi-disciplinary metrics, to assess sustainability of Green and Sustainable Remediation, and reviews potential new technologies. The book will also present several case studies that include Green and Sustainable Remediation solutions, and will also highlight the challenges in promoting this practice.

Nanotechnology is a highly inter- and multi- disciplinary application oriented research area. Not only does it find its use in nanomedicine, solar cells, sensor development and so on, but can also be effectively utilized to prevent water pollution. Nanostructured materials such as magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, silver-impregnated cyclodextrin nanocomposites, nanostructured iron-zeolites, carbo-iron nanomaterials, photocatalytic titania nanoparticles, nanofiltration membranes and functionalized silica nanoparticles can be employed in water treatment to remove heavy metals, sediments, chemical effluents, charged particles, bacteria and other pathogens. This edited book comprises several review-style chapters written by world experts. The chapters are devoted to each of these nanotechnology based approaches: basic principles, practical applications, recent break-through and limitations associated with it. The last chapter covers the environmental risks of applying engineered nanomaterials for water purification. The wealth of information and insight offered in this book will be appealing to scientists and researchers over a wide range of disciplines.

This publication provide an introduction to incinerator emissions, air pollution control and the permitting process for incinerators.

This publication contains criteria on metering, instrumentation, controls, and chemical feeding devices used in wastewater disposal systems.

This report contains advice and recommendations about how the Agency can most effectively promote strategies, in partnership with federal, state, tribal, and local government agencies, and other stakeholders, to identify, mitigate, and/or prevent the disproportionate burden on communities of air pollution resulting from goods movement.

Die Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen ist ein zentraler Bestandteil der Umweltpolitik. Die dominierenden Emissionen sind in Deutschland mit der Nutzung von Energie verbunden. Zur Unterstutzung von Politik, Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und anderen interessierten Gruppierungen bei der Erarbeitung moglichst rationeller Emissionsminderungsstrategien haben acht fuhrende wissenschaftliche Institutionen im IKARUS-Projekt energiewirtschaftliche Modelle und eine umfassende Technik- und Rahmendatenbank entwickelt. Deren Inhalte, Potential, aber auch Grenzen werden hier beschrieben und anhand von Beispielen verdeutlicht."

Carbon capture and sequestration (or storage), known as CCS, has attracted congressional interest as a measure for mitigating global climate change because large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from fossil fuel use in the United States are potentially available to be captured and stored underground and prevented from reaching the atmosphere. Large, industrial sources of CO2, such as electricity-generating plants, are likely candidates for CCS because they are predominantly stationary, single-point sources. Electricity generation contributes over 40% of U.S. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. Currently, U.S. power plants do not capture large volumes of CO2 for CCS. This book provides an overview of what CCS is, how it is supposed to work, why it has gained the interest and support of some members of Congress, and what some of the challenges are to its implementation and deployment across the United States.

The chemical pollution that irrevocably damages today's environment is, although many would like us to believe otherwise, the legacy of conscious choices made long ago. During the years before and just after World War II, discoveries like leaded gasoline and DDT came to market, creating new hazards even as the expansion and mechanization of industry exacerbated old ones. Dangers still felt today--smog, pesticides, lead, chromium, chlorinated solvents, asbestos, even global warming--were already recognized by chemists, engineers, doctors, and business managers of that era. A few courageous individuals spoke out without compromise, but still more ignored scientific truth in pursuit of money and prestige.
The Polluters reveals at last the crucial decisions that allowed environmental issues to be trumped by political agendas. It spotlights the leaders of the chemical industry and describes how they applied their economic and political power to prevent the creation of an effective system of environmental regulation. Research was slanted, unwelcome discoveries were suppressed, and friendly experts were placed in positions of influence, as science was subverted to serve the interests of business. The story of The Polluters is one that needs to be told, an unflinching depiction of the onslaught of chemical pollution and the chemical industry's unwillingness to face up to its devastating effects.